Editing Howard Fast (section)

== Biography ==
===Early life===
Fast was born in [[New York City]]. His mother, Ida (née Miller), was a British Jewish immigrant, and his father, Barney Fast, was a Ukrainian Jewish immigrant who shortened his name from Fastovsky upon arrival in America. When his mother died in 1923 and his father became unemployed, Howard's youngest brother, [[Julius Fast|Julius]], went to live with relatives, while he and his older brother, Jerome, sold newspapers. Howard credited his early voracious reading to a part-time job in the [[New York Public Library]].

Fast began writing at an early age. While hitchhiking and riding railroads around the country to find odd jobs, he wrote his first novel, ''Two Valleys'', published in 1933 when he was 18. His first popular work was ''Citizen Tom Paine'', a fictional account of the life of [[Thomas Paine]]. Always interested in American history, Fast also wrote ''The Last Frontier'' (about the [[Cheyenne]] Indians' attempt to return to their native land, and which inspired the 1964 movie ''[[Cheyenne Autumn]]'')<ref>Fast, ''Being Red'' (1990) pp. 162–63.</ref> and ''Freedom Road'' (about the lives of former [[slavery|slaves]] during [[Reconstruction era of the United States|Reconstruction]]).

The novel ''Freedom Road'' is based on a true story and was made into a [[Freedom Road|miniseries of the same name]] starring [[Muhammad Ali]], who, in a rare acting role, played Gideon Jackson, an ex-slave in 1870s [[South Carolina]] who is elected to the [[United States House|U.S. House]] and battles the Ku Klux Klan and other racist organizations to keep the land that they had tended all their lives.

===Contribution to constitutionalism===
Fast is the author of the prominent "Why the Fifth Amendment?"<ref name="Fifth">{{Cite web|title=Howard Fast: Why the Fifth Amendment?|url=http://www.trussel.com/hf/fifth.htm|access-date=2020-07-11|website=www.trussel.com}}</ref> essay. This essay explains in detail the purpose of the [[Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Fifth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States of America]]. Fast effectively uses the context of the [[Red Scare]] to illustrate the purpose of the "Fifth."

===Career===
Fast spent [[World War II]] working with the [[United States Office of War Information]], writing for [[Voice of America]]. In 1943, he joined the [[Communist Party USA]] and in 1950, he was called before the [[House Committee on Un-American Activities]]; in his testimony, he refused to disclose the names of contributors to a fund for a home for orphans of American veterans of the [[Spanish Civil War]] (one of the contributors was [[Eleanor Roosevelt]]), and he was given a three-month prison sentence for [[contempt of Congress]].<ref name="Mill Point">{{cite news|last1=Burnsworth|first1=Jodi|title=The Forgotten Prison on Kennison Mountain – Part 3 of 4|url=http://theintermountain.com/page/blogs.detail/display/93/The-Forgotten-Prison-on-Kennison-Mountain---Part-3-of-4.html|access-date=September 15, 2014|work=[[The Inter-Mountain]]|date=March 9, 2012|location=[[Elkins, West Virginia]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140915115446/http://theintermountain.com/page/blogs.detail/display/93/The-Forgotten-Prison-on-Kennison-Mountain---Part-3-of-4.html|archive-date=September 15, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

While he was at [[Mill Point Federal Prison]], Fast began writing his most famous work, ''[[Spartacus (Fast novel)|Spartacus]]'', a novel about an uprising among [[Roman Empire|Roman]] slaves.<ref name="Mill Point"/> [[Blacklisting|Blacklisted]] by major publishing houses following his release from prison, Fast was forced to publish the novel himself. It was a success, going through seven printings in the first four months of publication. (According to Fast in his memoir, 50,000 copies were printed, of which 48,000 were sold.)

He subsequently established the [[Blue Heron Press]], which allowed him to continue publishing under his own name throughout the period of his blacklisting. Just as the production of the film version of ''[[Spartacus (film)|Spartacus]]'' (released in 1960) is considered a milestone in the breaking of the Hollywood blacklist, the reissue of Fast's novel by Crown Publishers in 1958 effectively ended his own blacklisting within the American publishing industry.

In 1952, Fast ran for Congress on the [[American Labor Party]] ticket. During the 1950s he also worked for the Communist newspaper, the ''[[Daily Worker]]''. In 1953, he was awarded the [[Stalin Peace Prize]]. Later that decade, Fast broke with the Party over issues of conditions in the [[Soviet Union]] and [[Eastern Europe]], particularly after [[Nikita Khrushchev]]'s report "[[On the Personality Cult and its Consequences]]" at a closed session of the [[20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union]] in February 1956, denouncing the [[personality cult]] and [[dictatorship]] of [[Joseph Stalin]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Happy Anniversary, Nikita Khrushchev|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/02/21/AR2006022101140.html |newspaper=Washington Post |date= 22 February 2006 |access-date=19 August 2013 }}</ref> and the Soviet military intervention to suppress the [[Hungarian Revolution of 1956]] in November. In his autobiographical work titled ''The Naked God: The Writer and the Communist Party'' published in 1957, he wrote: "There was the evil in what we dreamed of as Communists: we took the noblest dreams and hopes of mankind as our credo; the evil we did was to accept the degradation of our own souls—and because we surrendered in ourselves, in our own party existence, all the best and most precious gains and liberties of mankind—because we did this, we betrayed mankind, and the Communist party became a thing of destruction."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fast |first=Howard |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EbVt9chaarwC |title=The Naked God: The Writer and the Communist Party |date=2011-12-27 |publisher=Open Road Media |isbn=978-1-4532-3497-6 |language=en}}</ref>

In the mid-1950s, Fast moved with his family to [[Teaneck, New Jersey]].<ref>[http://www.berlinonline.de/berliner-zeitung/archiv/.bin/dump.fcgi/2003/0315/feuilleton/0023/index.html Und Spartakus], ''[[Berliner Zeitung]]'', 15 March 2003. Article in German relating the decision to move to Teaneck.</ref> In 1974, Fast and his family moved to [[California]], where he wrote television scripts, including such [[television program]]s as ''[[How the West Was Won (TV series)|How the West Was Won]]''. In 1977, he published ''[[The Immigrants (1977 novel)|The Immigrants]]'', the first of a six-part series of novels.

In 1948, author [[Harry Barnard]] accused Fast of copyright infringement, charging he "borrowed liberally" from Barnard's biography of [[John Peter Altgeld]] for his own book about Altgeld, ''The American''. Fast settled for $7,500 ($93,725 in 2022 dollars). His publisher also agreed to republish Barnard's book.<ref> "Paying Up," Newsweek, January 19, 1948 </ref>