Editing Hugh Hopper (section)

==Biography==

===Early career===
Starting in 1963 as bassist with [[Daevid Allen|The Daevid Allen Trio]], alongside drummer [[Robert Wyatt]], he alternated between free jazz and rhythm and blues. In 1964 with [[Brian Hopper]] (his brother), Robert Wyatt, [[Kevin Ayers]] and Richard Sinclair he formed [[The Wilde Flowers]], a pop music group.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Sutcliffe|first=Phil|date=5 March 1991|title=Where are they Now? Soft Machine|journal=Q Magazine|volume=55|pages=33}}</ref> Although they never released any records during their existence (a compilation was released 30 years later), The Wilde Flowers are acknowledged as the founders of the [[Canterbury scene]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.calyx-canterbury.fr/index.html |title=CALYX |publisher=Calyx.perso.neuf.fr |access-date=26 June 2014}}</ref> and spawned its two most important groups, [[Soft Machine]] and [[Caravan (band)|Caravan]].<ref name=":0"/>

===With Soft Machine (1968–1973)===
Hopper's role with Soft Machine was initially as the group's road manager, but he already composed for their first album ''[[The Soft Machine (Soft Machine album)|The Soft Machine]]'' and played bass on one of its tracks. In 1969 he was recruited to be the group's bassist for their second album, ''[[Volume Two (The Soft Machine album)|Volume Two]]'' and, with [[Mike Ratledge]] and [[Robert Wyatt]], he took part in a recording session for a [[The Madcap Laughs|solo album]] of [[Syd Barrett]]'s (formerly of [[Pink Floyd]], with whom the early Soft Machine had regularly gigged<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cosmik.com/aa-may03/soft_works.html |title=Cosmik Debris Magazine Presents: The 21st Century Be-Bop Of Soft Works; an interview of Hugh Hopper – May 2003 |publisher=Cosmik.com |access-date=26 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130504020043/http://www.cosmik.com/aa-may03/soft_works.html |archive-date=4 May 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>). Hopper continued with Soft Machine, playing bass and contributing numerous compositions until 1973.<ref name=":0"/> During his tenure the group evolved from a psychedelic rock group to an instrumental jazz-rock [[Jazz fusion|fusion]] band.  In 1972, shortly before leaving Soft Machine, he recorded the first record under his own name, ''1984'' (named after [[George Orwell]]'s novel ''[[Nineteen Eighty-Four]]''). This was a decidedly non-commercial record featuring lengthy solo pieces using [[tape loop]]s as well as shorter pieces with a group. Hopper later reminisced about the record, "I don't think a lot of it was very successful, but I remember sitting for about three or four hours at [[Advision Studios|Advision]] trying to record the sound of a mosquito so that I could use that as a bit of a loop."<ref>{{cite book |last=Stump |first=Paul |title=The Music's All that Matters: A History of Progressive Rock |date=1997 |publisher=Quartet Books Limited |isbn=0-7043-8036-6 |page=128}}</ref>
[[Image:hh hammamet 72 bmp clip1.jpg|thumb|right|Hopper in 1972]]

===1973 until 2009===
After leaving Soft Machine, through the end of the 1970s, he worked with such groups as [[Stomu Yamashta]]'s [[Freedom Is Frightening|East Wind]], [[Isotope (band)|Isotope]], [[Gilgamesh (band)|Gilgamesh]], and the [[Carla Bley]] Band.<ref name=":0"/> He also played in a couple of cooperative bands alongside former Soft Machine saxophonist [[Elton Dean]]: Hopper/Dean/Tippett/Gallivan (with pianist [[Keith Tippett]] and drummer [[Joe Gallivan]]) and [[Soft Heap (band)|Soft Heap]] (with keyboard-player [[Alan Gowen]] and drummer [[Pip Pyle]]).<ref name=":0"/>

In the early 1980s Hopper gave up playing music for a couple of years, but by the mid-1980s he was actively working with several bands, including [[Pip Pyle]]'s Equipe Out and [[Phil Miller]]'s [[In Cahoots]].<ref name=":0"/>  He also began playing with a group of Dutch musicians in a band initially called Hopper Goes Dutch.  After French guitarist [[Patrice Meyer]] joined, this group became known as the Hugh Hopper Franglo-Dutch Band.<ref name=":0" />

After many years working primarily in instrumental, jazz-oriented groups including [[Short Wave (band)|Short Wave]], in the mid-1990s Hopper began occasionally working again in more rock-oriented vocal contexts, including several collaborations with the band Caveman Shoestore (using the name Hughscore) and with singer Lisa S. Klossner.  He also returned to his early tape loop experiments, but now using computer technology, in recordings such as ''Jazzloops'' (2002).

In the 1990s and 2000s several projects led Hopper to revisit his Soft Machine past. In 1998 he was asked to participate in a project by the French jazz collective Polysons, joining them in performances of Softs classics which featured Polysons members (Pierre-Olivier Govin and Jean-Rémy Guédon on saxes, Serge Adam on trumpet and François Merville on drums) plus organist Emmanuel Bex. The resulting Polysoft group was re-activated in 2002–03 to perform at Parisian club Le Triton, with fellow ex-Softs [[Elton Dean]] sitting in, resulting in a live CD, ''Tribute To Soft Machine'', released on the club's own label.

Also in 2002–04, Hopper, Dean and two other former Soft Machine members (drummer [[John Stanley Marshall|John Marshall]], and guitarist [[Allan Holdsworth]]) toured and recorded under the name SoftWorks. With another former Soft Machine member, guitarist [[John Etheridge]], replacing Holdsworth, they toured and recorded as Soft Machine Legacy, playing some pieces from the original Soft Machine repertoire as well as new works. Three albums of theirs were released: ''Live in Zaandam'' (CD, rec. 2005/05/10), ''[[New Morning (club)|New Morning]] – The Paris Concert'' (DVD, rec. 2005/12/12) and the studio album ''Soft Machine Legacy'' (CD, 2006, rec. 09/2005). After Elton Dean died in February 2006, [[Theo Travis]] [http://www.theotravis.com/] replaced him, and Soft Machine Legacy recorded the album ''Steam'', released in 2007.

[[Image:Soft bounds portrait01.jpg|right|thumb|Soft Bounds]]Other occasional projects were Soft Bounds (with French musicians Sophia Domancich and Simon Goubert, first with Elton Dean and then Simon Picard), which like PolySoft released a live CD recorded at the Triton club, and Clear Frame, an improvising group with [[Charles Hayward (musician)|Charles Hayward]], [[Lol Coxhill]] and [[Orphy Robinson]] (augmented for their first release by [[Robert Wyatt]] on cornet). Hopper also appeared on the 2004 debut solo album by [[No-Man]] singer [[Tim Bowness]] (My Hotel Year, on [[One Little Indian]] Records.

Hopper recorded two solo albums for, and established an online shop via, the highly regarded UK-based internet label, [[Burning Shed]]. He worked with Japanese musician and composer Yumi Hara Cawkwell as a duo called HUMI. They had a tour of Japan planned for early 2008, which did not happen due to Hopper's health.

Hopper was diagnosed with [[leukaemia]] in June 2008 and underwent [[chemotherapy]]. As a result of his illness and the treatment, he cancelled all his concert appearances.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://burningshed.co.uk/hopper/ |title=Hugh Hopper News |work=Hugh Hopper homepage |access-date=3 November 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110128071110/http://www.burningshed.co.uk/hopper/ |archive-date=28 January 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> A Hugh Hopper benefit concert took place in December 2008 at the [[100 Club]] in London and featured In Cahoots, members of Soft Machine Legacy, Delta Sax Quartet, Sophia Domancich and Simon Goubert, Yumi Hara Cawkwell, and the Alex Maguire Sextet.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.the100club.co.uk/whats_on_detail.asp?event=12/14/08 |title=Hugh Hopper benefit concert |work=The 100 Club |access-date=3 November 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726162212/http://www.the100club.co.uk/whats_on_detail.asp?event=12%2F14%2F08 |archive-date=26 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Another benefit was planned for late June 2009. He married his partner Christine on 5 June 2009 and died of leukaemia on 7 June.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jazzwise|url=https://www.jazzwise.com/|url-status=live|website=Jazzwise|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090611214338/http://www.jazzwisemagazine.com/component/content/10854?task=view|archivedate=11 June 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.theguardian.com/music/2009/jun/10/obituary-hugh-hopper | location=London | work=The Guardian | first=Adam | last=Sweeting | title=Hugh Hopper | date=10 June 2009}}</ref> His funeral, a Tibetan Buddhist ceremony to respect Hugh's wishes, was held on 25 June 2009.

A series of ten CDs of unreleased live and studio recordings began release in 2014 by Gonzo MultiMedia to benefit Hugh's family.