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IGES
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==History== IGES was an initiative of the [[United States Air Force]] (USAF) [[Integrated Computer Aided Manufacturing]] (ICAM) project (1976-1984).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia_term/0,,t=&i=44758,00.asp|title=IGES | work=PC Magazine}}</ref> ICAM sought to develop procedures ([[IDEF]]), processes ([[Group Technology]]), and software ([[CAD/CAM]]) that would integrate all operations in Aerospace manufacturing and thus greatly reduce costs. Earlier the USAF Manufacturing Technology Program had funded the Automatically Programmed Tools (APT) language for programming Numerically Controlled (NC) machine tools. To close the data gap between parts design and manufacturing, one of the ICAM goals was to develop CAD software that would automatically generate numerical control programs for the very complex Computer Numerically Controlled (CNC) machine tools used throughout the [[Aerospace]] industry. A serious issue was the incompatibility of data produced by the many [[Computer-aided design|CAD]] systems in use at the time. USAF/ICAM called a meeting at the [[National Bureau of Standards]] (now known as [[National Institute of Standards and Technology]] or [[NIST]]) in 1978 to address this issue. [[Boeing]] offered to sell its CAD translation software to USAF for one United States dollar. [[USAF]] accepted this offer and contracted NIST to bring together a group of users and vendors, including Boeing, [[General Electric]], [[Xerox]], [[Computervision]], [[Applicon]] and others to further develop and test this software. Though it was the practice to begin the name of ICAM developments with the word integrated (for example the IDEFs) believing that there would be rapid development of graphical exchange software, USAF decided that the IGES would be the Initial Graphics Exchange Specification not the Integrated Graphics Exchange Specification. Since 1988, the [[United States Department of Defense|DoD]] has required that all [[Digital data|digital]] [[product and manufacturing information]] (PMI) for weapons systems contracts (the engineering drawings, circuit diagrams, ''etc''.) be delivered in [[computer file|electronic]] form such as IGES format. As a result, [[CAx]] software vendors who want to market their products to DoD subcontractors and their partners needed to support the import (reading) and export (writing) of IGES format files. An ANSI standard since 1980, IGES has been used in the [[automotive industry|automotive]], [[aerospace]], and [[shipbuilding]] industries. It has been used for weapons systems from [[Trident (missile)|Trident missile]] [[guidance system]]s to entire [[aircraft carrier]]s. These part models may have to be used years after the vendor of the original design system has gone out of business. IGES files provide a way to access this data decades from now. Today, plugin viewers for [[Web browser]]s allow IGES files created 20 years ago to be viewed from anywhere in the world.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wiz-worx.com/java/figa2.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305022829/http://www.wiz-worx.com/java/figa2.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2016-03-05 |title=Rotate an IGES part from 1990 with Java}}</ref> After the initial release of [[ISO 10303|STEP (ISO 10303)]] in 1994, interest in further development of IGES declined, and Version 5.3 (1996) was the last published standard.
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