Editing ISABELLE (section)

==Colliding beam accelerators==
A colliding beam, [[storage ring]] [[Particle accelerator|accelerator]] was first proposed by [[Gerard K. O'Neill|Gerard O'Neill]] of [[Princeton University|Princeton]] in 1956, who built an [[electron]]-electron system beginning in 1957 (operational in 1962, first collisions in 1964) with assistance from [[Burton Richter]], William C. Barber and Bernard Gittelman.<ref>{{cite web | author=Burton Richter | title=Autobiography | publisher=Nobel Foundation | year=2005 | url=http://nobelprize.org/physics/laureates/1976/richter-autobio.html }}</ref> The [[ADA collider|AdA]] accelerator, an electron-[[positron]] system, stored its first beam in 1961 at [[Frascati]] National Laboratories, [[Italy]] and was later moved to [[Orsay]] Laboratory, [[France]], where in 1964 it recorded first e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>−</sup> collisions.<ref>{{cite journal | author=Carlo Bernardini | title=AdA: the First Electron-Positron Collider | journal=Physics in Perspective | volume=6 | issue=2 | pages=156 | publisher=CERN, Geneva | date=Jun 6, 2004 | bibcode=2004PhP.....6..156B | doi=10.1007/s00016-003-0202-y | s2cid=122534669 }}</ref> 
At the same time, two colliding-beam experiments were conceived and built by [[Gersh Budker|Budker]] and his group at the [[Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics|Institute of Nuclear Physics]] in [[Novosibirsk]], [[Russia]], [[Soviet Union]]: electron-electron VEP-1 (first collisions in 1964) and electron-positron VEPP-2 (first collisions in 1965).

The idea of using alternating gradient synchrotron (AGS) technology
<ref>{{cite web | author=Brookhaven National Laboratory | title=Alternating Gradient Synchrotron | publisher=U.S. Department of Energy | year=2004 | url=http://www.bnl.gov/bnlweb/history/AGS_history.asp }}</ref> to build [[storage ring]]s for a [[proton]]-proton colliding beam accelerator was considered at a summer study held at [[Brookhaven National Laboratory|Brookhaven]] in 1963.<ref>{{cite web | author=Brookhaven National Laboratory | title=The long road from ISABELLE to RHIC | publisher=U.S. Department of Energy | year=2004 | url=http://www.bnl.gov/bnlweb/history/RHIC_history.asp }}</ref> The [[Intersecting Storage Rings]] (ISR) facility at [[CERN]], a 30+30 [[Electronvolt|GeV]] proton-proton system, opened in 1971 and became the first high energy hadron collider. The [[SPEAR]] collider at the [[Stanford Linear Accelerator Center]], a 3+3 GeV electron-positron system, was completed in 1972 and soon contributed to discoveries of the [[J/ψ particle|ψ]] meson and [[Tau lepton|τ]] lepton, both recognized in [[Nobel Prize]]s. The ψ had previously been found in a fixed-target experiment at the Brookhaven AGS, where it was called the [[J/ψ particle|J]], but it was better measured with SPEAR.