Editing ISBN (section)

=={{anchor|SBN}}History==
The Standard Book Number (SBN) is a commercial system using nine-digit [[code]] numbers to identify books. In 1965, British bookseller and stationers [[WHSmith]] announced plans to implement a standard numbering system for its books.<ref name="history">{{cite web |url= http://www.isbn.org/ISBN_history |title=ISBN History |publisher=isbn.org |date=20 April 2014 |access-date= 20 April 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140420232459/http://www.isbn.org/ISBN_history |archive-date=20 April 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> They hired consultants to work on their behalf, and the system was devised by [[Gordon Foster]], emeritus professor of statistics at [[Trinity College Dublin]].<ref name="From Archive.org-4646971">{{cite web |url= http://www.informaticsdevelopmentinstitute.net/isbn.html |title= International Standard Book Numbering (ISBN) System original 1966 report |publisher=informaticsdevelopmentinstitute.net |year=1966 |access-date=20 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430024722/http://www.informaticsdevelopmentinstitute.net/isbn.html |archive-date=30 April 2011 |url-status=dead |first= Gordon |last=Foster}}</ref> The [[International Organization for Standardization]] (ISO) Technical Committee on Documentation sought to adapt the British SBN for international use. The ISBN identification format was conceived in 1967 in the United Kingdom by [[David Whitaker (publisher)|David Whitaker]]<ref name="ktieb">{{cite book |title=Manwal ghall-Utenti tal-ISBN |url=http://ktieb.org.mt/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Manwal-ghall-Utenti-tal-ISBN-Maltese.pdf |publisher=Kunsill Nazzjonali tal-Ktieb |edition=6th |language=mt |location=[[Malta]] |date=2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817083617/http://ktieb.org.mt/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Manwal-ghall-Utenti-tal-ISBN |archive-date=17 August 2016 |page=5 |isbn=978-99957-889-4-0 |access-date=14 November 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.internationalpublishers.org/standards-news/318-it-was-an-idea-whose-time-had-come-david-whitaker-on-the-birth-of-isbn|title='It was an idea whose time had come.' David Whitaker on the birth of ISBN|last=Charkin|first=Richard|author-link=Richard Charkin|date=17 July 2015|website=[[International Publishers Association]]|language=en-GB|access-date=6 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806111624/https://www.internationalpublishers.org/standards-news/318-it-was-an-idea-whose-time-had-come-david-whitaker-on-the-birth-of-isbn|archive-date=6 August 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> (regarded as the "Father of the ISBN")<ref name="niso.org">{{citation |url= http://www.niso.org/apps/group_public/download.php/6294/ISQ_vol8_no3_July1996.pdf |title=Emery Koltay, David Whitaker Named NISO Fellows |journal=Information Standards Quarterly |date=July 1996 |pages=12–13 |volume=8 |number=3 |publisher=National Information Standards Organization |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140804153745/http://www.niso.org/apps/group_public/download.php/6294/ISQ_vol8_no3_July1996.pdf | archive-date= 4 August 2014 }}</ref> and in 1968 in the United States by Emery Koltay<ref name="ktieb" /> (who later became director of the U.S. ISBN agency [[R. R. Bowker]]).<ref name="niso.org" /><ref>{{cite web |author=US ISBN Agency |url=http://commerce.bowker.com/standards/home/isbn/about_information_standards.asp |title=Bowker.com – Products |publisher=Commerce.bowker.com |access-date=11 June 2015 |archive-date=19 December 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031219215516/http://commerce.bowker.com/standards/home/isbn/about_information_standards.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Daniel |last=Gregory |url= http://www.printrs.com/isbn.htm |title=ISBN |publisher=PrintRS |access-date=11 June 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url= http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160516011735/http%3A//www.printrs.com/isbn.htm |archive-date=16 May 2016 }}</ref>

The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the ISO and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO 2108.<ref name="history" /><ref name="ktieb" /> The United Kingdom continued to use the nine-digit SBN code until 1974. ISO has appointed the International ISBN Agency as the [[registration authority]] for ISBN worldwide and the ISBN Standard is developed under the control of ISO Technical Committee 46/Subcommittee 9 [[TC 46/SC 9]]. The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978.<ref>{{citation |format= PDF |url= https://www.iso.org/standard/6898.html |title= ISO 2108:1978 |publisher= ISO |access-date= 12 June 2020 |archive-date= 10 October 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20221010155546/https://www.iso.org/standard/6898.html |url-status= live }}</ref>
[[File:Total Number of Registration ISBN 2020.png|thumb|Total number of ISBN registrations. 2020.]]
An SBN may be converted to an ISBN by prefixing the digit "0". For example, the second edition of ''[[The Guv'nor and Other Short Stories|Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns]]'', published by Hodder in 1965, has {{Nowrap|"SBN 340 01381 8"}}, where "340" indicates the [[Publishing|publisher]], "01381" is the serial number assigned by the publisher, and "8" is the [[check digit]]. By prefixing a zero, this can be converted to {{ISBN|0-340-01381-8}}; the check digit does not need to be re-calculated. Some publishers, such as [[Ballantine Books]], would sometimes use 12-digit SBNs where the last three digits indicated the price of the book;<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=%22SBN+345%22&sin=TXT|title=Internet Archive Search: "SBN 345"|website=archive.org}}</ref> for example, ''Woodstock Handmade Houses'' had a 12-digit Standard Book Number of 345-24223-8-595 (valid SBN: 345-24223-8, {{text|ISBN}}: {{not a typo|0-345-24223-8}}),<ref>{{Cite book |last=Haney |first=Robert |url=https://archive.org/details/woodstockhandmad00robe |title=Woodstock handmade houses |date=1974 |publisher=Ballantine Books |others=David Ballantine, Jonathan Elliott |isbn=0-345-24223-8 |location=New York |oclc=2057258 |access-date=26 May 2021 |url-access=registration |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625225043/http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/2057258 |archive-date=25 June 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> and it cost {{USD|5.95}}.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Haney |first1=Robert |url=https://archive.org/details/woodstockhandmad00robe/page/n3/mode/2up |title=Woodstock Handmade Houses |last2=Ballantine |first2=David |last3=Elliott |first3=Jonathan |via=web.archive.org |publisher=Ballantine |year=1974 |isbn=978-0-345-24223-5 |edition=1st |access-date=May 26, 2021 |url-access=registration}}</ref>

Since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained thirteen digits, a format that is compatible with "[[Bookland]]" [[European Article Number]]s, which have 13 digits.<ref name="LAC FAQ">{{cite web | url=http://www.lac-bac.gc.ca/iso/tc46sc9/isbn.htm | title=Frequently Asked Questions about the new ISBN standard |website=ISO TC 46/SC 9 | publisher=[[Library and Archives Canada]] |date=May 31, 2005 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610160919/http://www.lac-bac.gc.ca/iso/tc46sc9/isbn.htm | archive-date=10 June 2007 | df=dmy-all}}</ref> Since 2016, ISBNs have also been used to identify [[mobile game]]s by China's [[General Administration of Press and Publication|Administration of Press and Publication]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tang |first=AnJie Broad Law Firm-Tracey |date=2020-03-09 |title=China Game Regulatory Authority Seeks to Tighten Game License Rules |url=https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=9bd9f253-2a5e-4a35-8130-4bf1e6876e3c |access-date=2024-10-29 |website=Lexology |language=en}}</ref>

The [[United States]], with 3.9 million registered ISBNs in 2020, was by far the biggest user of the ISBN identifier in 2020, followed by the [[South Korea|Republic of Korea]] (329,582), [[Germany]] (284,000), [[China]] (263,066), the [[United Kingdom|UK]] (188,553) and [[Indonesia]] (144,793). Lifetime ISBNs registered in the United States are over 39 million as of 2020.<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Global Publishing Industry in 2020 |url=https://www.wipo.int/publications/en/details.jsp?id=4616&plang=EN |access-date=2023-11-13 |date=2022 |doi=10.34667/tind.46277 |publisher=[[WIPO]] |language=en |author1=International Publishers Association (IPa) |author2=World Intellectual Property Organization |archive-date=17 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240917125219/https://www.wipo.int/publications/en/details.jsp?id=4616&plang=EN |url-status=live }}</ref>