Editing Il manifesto (section)

==History and profile==
{{lang|it|il manifesto}} was founded as a monthly review in 1969.<ref>{{cite news|title=Austerity threatens Europe's Left press|url=http://revolting-europe.com/2012/01/12/austerity-threatens-europes-left-press/|access-date=1 July 2015|work=Revolting Europe|date=12 January 2012}}</ref> Its founders were a collection of left-wing journalists who engaged in the wave of critical thought and activity on the Italian left in that period. They included [[Luigi Pintor (politician)|Luigi Pintor]], {{ill|Valentino Parlato|it}}, [[Lucio Magri]], and [[Rossana Rossanda]].<ref name="lmd"/> In April 1971, it became a daily.<ref>{{cite book|editor=Gino Moliterno|title=Encyclopedia of Contemporary Italian Culture|date=2005|publisher=Routledge|location=London and New York|isbn=0-203-74849-2
|url=http://sociology.sunimc.net/htmledit/uploadfile/system/20100921/20100921021511436.pdf|access-date=11 January 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109142838/http://sociology.sunimc.net/htmledit/uploadfile/system/20100921/20100921021511436.pdf|archive-date=9 January 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> It participated as a separate political party in the [[1972 Italian general election|1972 election]], but won only 0,67% of the vote.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://elezionistorico.interno.gov.it/index.php?tpel=C&dtel=07/05/1972&tpa=I&tpe=A&lev0=0&levsut0=0&es0=S&ms=S |title=Camera 07/05/1972. Area ITALIA |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=Eligendo |access-date=29 October 2024}}</ref> In July 1974 this party merged with the [[Proletarian Unity Party (Italy)|Proletarian Unity Party]], forming the "PdUP per il Comunismo". This resulted in a period of internal tensions between those who wanted to safeguard the journal's independence and those who aimed to transform it into the new party's press organ. In 1978, the former group came out victorious as the leadership of {{lang|it|il manifesto}} largely left the PdUP and the newspaper fully regained its autonomy.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.versobooks.com/blogs/news/5231-il-manifesto-fifty-years-of-an-italian-communist-daily |title=Il Manifesto: Fifty Years of an Italian Communist Daily |last=Grispigni |first=Marco |date=16 December 2021 |website=[[Verso Books|Verso]] |access-date=29 October 2024}}</ref>

Although critical of the [[Italian Communist Party]] (PCI), it was popular with many party supporters who saw it as more lively and independent than the party newspaper {{lang|it|[[l'Unità]]}}. The 1991 dissolution of the PCI that gave birth to the social-democratic [[Democratic Party of the Left]] was not followed by {{lang|it|il manifesto}}, a paper that maintains positions closer to those of more left-wing parties, such as the [[Communist Refoundation Party]], while remaining independent. {{lang|it|il manifesto}} is known in Italy for its bitter and sarcastic [[headline]]s, [[pun]]s, and clever choice of photographs. For example, the day of the election of [[Pope Benedict XVI]], the first page of {{lang|it|il manifesto}} featured a large photo of the newly elected pope along with the title "the [[German Shepherd]]". Throughout its history, eminent Italian literary personalities have contributed to the newspaper such as the satirical poet [[Stefano Benni]], the novelist [[Erri De Luca]], and the novelist, philosopher, and linguist [[Umberto Eco]]. Additionally, it has included the satirical drawings of [[Vauro Senesi]]. For several years throughout the 1970s and 2000s, Parlato served as the [[editor-in-chief]] of the daily.<ref>{{cite news|author=Clyde Haberman|title=Newspaper Deal in Italy Stirs Debate over Press Freedom|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/04/24/business/the-media-business-newspaper-deal-in-italy-stirs-debate-over-press-freedom.html|access-date=7 June 2015|work=The New York Times|date=24 April 1989|location=Rome}}</ref> From 2010 to 2023, its director included Norma Rangeri.<ref>{{cite news|title=Il collettivo del manifesto|url=http://ilmanifesto.info/il-collettivo-del-manifesto/|access-date=22 May 2016|work=Il manifesto|archive-date=27 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150327072107/http://ilmanifesto.info/il-collettivo-del-manifesto/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

On 21 December 2000, the newspaper's office in Rome was the target of a bomb attack by Andrea Insabato, a [[Neo-fascism|neo-fascist]] with past ties to the [[Nuclei Armati Rivoluzionari]] and [[Terza Posizione]]. Insabato was seriously injured when the bomb detonated prematurely, and he was the attack's only casualty.<ref name="libcom">{{cite web|title=Goodbye, Il Manifesto|url=https://libcom.org/blog/goodbye-il-manifesto-22122012|access-date=17 August 2020|work=libcom.org|date=22 December 2012}}</ref> One of its reporters, [[Giuliana Sgrena]], was kidnapped by [[Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011)|Iraqi insurgents]] in February 2005 and released on 4 March of that same year. A controversy erupted when the [[Rescue of Giuliana Sgrena]] resulted in the shooting of her rescue vehicle by American troops and the killing of an Italian security agent.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/europe/04/07/bush.berlusconi/|title=Bush repeats Italian death regret|date=7 April 2005|work=[[CNN]]|access-date=30 November 2014}}</ref>