Editing Imam Shamil (section)

==Family and early life==
Imam Shamil was born in 1797 into an [[Avars (Caucasus)|Avar]] Muslim family.<ref>{{Cite web|last= Budak|first= Mustafa |date=|title=ŞEYH ŞÂMİL|url=https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/seyh-samil|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last= |first= |date= |title=Şeyh Şamil|url=http://www.biyografya.com/biyografi/2415|archive-url=|archive-date= |access-date= 2020-12-28|website= Biyografya|language= en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last= Doğan|first= Şahin|date= |title= Avrasya İncelemeleri Dergisi (AVİD), IV/1 (2015), 121-145|url=https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/217892|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=Dergipark Çeviri}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Tiryakioğlu|first=Okay|title=Şeyh Şamil - Kafkas Kartalı|date=March 2019|publisher=Timaş Yayınları|isbn= 978-6050829860 |location=|pages=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Başman|first=Sevgi|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=h8tXDwAAQBAJ|title=Şeyh Şamil|publisher=Zafer Basin Yayin Ve Turizm Ve Bilg.ürünleri San.tic. Ltd. şti|isbn= 978-975-261-372-0|language=tr}}</ref> He was born in the small village ([[aul]]) of [[Gimry]] (present-day [[Dagestan]], [[Russia]]). Some sources state that he had a paternal [[Kumyks|Kumyk]] lineage.<ref>''Блиев М. М.'' Россия и горцы Большого Кавказа: на пути к цивилизации. — <abbr>М.</abbr>: Мысль, 2004; {{ISBN|5-244-01004-2}}.</ref><ref>''Халилов А. М., Идрисов М. М.'' Шамиль в истории Северного Кавказа и народной памяти. — Махачкала, 1998. — 119 с.</ref><ref>''Халилов А. М.'' Национально-освободительное движение горцев Северного Кавказа под предводительством Шамиля. — Махачкала: Дагучпедгиз, 1991. — 181 с.</ref><ref>Шамиль на Кавказе и в России, Биографический очерк / сост. М.Н. Чичагова — СПб.: Типография и литография С. Муллер и И. Богельман, 1889</ref><ref>Şeyh Şamil Çarlara Baş Eğmeyen Dağlı, Samih Tansu, 1963, p. 14-15</ref><ref>Дауев, Саламу Ахмедович. Чечня: коварные таинства истории / Саламу Дауев. - М. : Русь, 1999, стр. 133-136</ref><ref>{{Cite web
|url=http://www.vostlit.info/Texts/Dokumenty/Kavkaz/XIX/1840-1860/D_V/text1.htm|access-date=2021-04-16|website=www.vostlit.info|title=НЕКОТОРЫЕ БИОГРАФИЧЕСКИЕ ПОДРОБНОСТИ О ШАМИЛЕ}}</ref> He was originally named Ali, but following local tradition, his name was changed to ''Shamuyil'' ({{langx|ar|شمویل}}, equivalent to ''Samuel'') when he became ill. This name is pronounced ''Shamil'' in the Caucasus, and contemporary sources called him by this name (either {{Lang|ar|شامل}} {{Transliteration|ar|Shāmil}} or {{Lang|ar|شمیل}} {{Transliteration|ar|Shamīl}} in Arabic), although in his writings he always used the form ''Shamuyil''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gammer |first=Moshe |title=Muslim Resistance to the Tsar: Shamil and the Conquest of Chechnia and Daghestan |publisher=Frank Cass |year=1994 |location=London |pages=69, 329}}</ref> His father, Dengau, was a landlord, and this position allowed Shamil and his close friend [[Ghazi Muhammad]] to study many subjects, including [[Arabic]] and [[logic]].

Shamil grew up at a time when the [[Russian Empire]] was expanding into the territories of the [[Ottoman Empire]] and [[Qajar Iran]] (see [[Russo-Persian War (1804–1813)]] and [[Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812)]]). Many Caucasian peoples united in resistance to Russian imperial aspirations in what became known as the [[Caucasian War]] (1817-1864). Earlier [[leader]]s of [[Caucasus|Caucasian]] resistance included Hadji-Dawud, [[Sheikh Mansur]] and Ghazi Mollah. Shamil, a childhood friend of the Mollah, would become his disciple and counsellor.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Imam Shamil: The Lion Of Dagestan {{!}} Complete Documentary {{!}} - смотреть видео онлайн от «Звездные истории» в хорошем качестве, опубликованное 2 июля 2024 года в 5:38:03. |url=https://rutube.ru/video/c97a558109c12c8ea905d4a0951b1b8b/ |access-date=2025-04-03 |website=rutube.ru |language=ru}}</ref>

Shamil had multiple wives, including one of [[Armenians|Armenian ethnicity]] born in Russia named Anna Ivanovna Ulukhanova (or Ulykhanova; 1828-1877).<ref name="Barrett">Thomas M. Barrett, ''At the Edge of Empire: The Terek Cossacks and the North Caucasus Frontier, 1700–1860'' (Westview Press, 1999), 193.</ref><ref>Daniel R. Brower and Edward J. Lazzerinini, eds., ''Russia's Orient: Imperial Borderlands and Peoples, 1700–1917'' (Indiana University Press, 1997), p. 92.</ref> Captured in a raid in 1840, she married Shamil six years later. She converted to Islam as a teenager and adopted the name Shuanet. Shuanet remained loyal to Shamil even after his capture and exile to Russia. After the death of Shamil (1871) she moved to the [[Ottoman Empire]], where the sultan assigned her a pension.<ref name="Barrett"/>