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Inca Empire
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== Etymology == The Inca referred to their empire as ''Tawantinsuyu'',{{sfn|McEwan|2008|p=221}} "the suyu of four [parts]". In [[Quechua language|Quechua]], ''tawa'' is four and – ''ntin'' is a suffix naming a group, so that a ''tawantin'' is a quartet, a group of four things taken together, in this case the four ''suyu'' ("regions" or "provinces") whose corners met at the capital. The four ''suyu'' were: [[Chinchaysuyu]] (north), [[Antisuyu]] (east; the Amazon jungle), [[Qullasuyu]] (south) and [[Kuntisuyu]] (west). The name ''Tawantinsuyu'' was, therefore, a descriptive term indicating a union of provinces. The Spanish normally transliterated the name as ''Tahuatinsuyo''. While the term {{lang|qu|Inka}} nowadays is translated as "ruler" or "lord" in Quechua, this term does not simply refer to the "king" of the Tawantinsuyu or ''[[Sapa Inca]]'' but also to the Inca nobles, and some theorize its meaning could be broader.<ref name="pease">{{cite book |last1=Pease |first1=Franklin |title=The Incas |date=2011 |publisher=Fondo Editorial de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú |isbn=978-9972-42-949-1 |pages=95–121 |edition=1st}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Inca |encyclopedia=American Heritage Dictionary |date=2009 |publisher=[[Houghton Mifflin Harcourt]] |url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/inca}}</ref> In that sense, the Inca nobles were a small percentage of the total population of the empire, probably numbering only 15,000 to 40,000, but ruling a population of around 10{{nbsp}}million people.{{sfn|McEwan|2008|p=93}} When the Spanish arrived in the Empire of the Incas, they gave the name ''Peru'' to what the natives knew as Tawantinsuyu.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Prescott |first1=William Hickling |title=History of the Conquest of Peru |date=1847 |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1209/pg1209.html |access-date=12 July 2022}}</ref> The name "Inca Empire" originated from the Chronicles of the 16th century.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Pease |first1=Franklin |title=The Incas |date=2011 |publisher=Fondo Editorial de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú |isbn=978-9972-42-949-1 |page=31 |edition=1st}}</ref>
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