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Incertae sedis
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== Examples == * The fossil plant ''[[Paradinandra|Paradinandra suecica]]'' could not be assigned to any family, but was placed ''incertae sedis'' within the order [[Ericales]] when described in 2001.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Jürg Schönenberger |author2=Else Marie Friis |author-link2=Else Marie Friis |date=March 2001 |title=Fossil flowers of ericalean affinity from the Late Cretaceous of Southern Sweden |journal=[[American Journal of Botany]] |volume=88 |issue=3 |pages=467–480 | pmid = 11250825 |doi=10.2307/2657112|jstor=2657112 |bibcode=2001AmJB...88..467S }}</ref> * The fossil ''[[Gluteus minimus (fossil)|Gluteus minimus]]'', described in 1975, could not be assigned to any known animal [[phylum]].<ref name="Davis">{{cite journal |author1=Richard Arnold Davis |author2=Holmes A. Semken Jr. |date=24 January 1975 |title=Fossils of uncertain affinity from the Upper Devonian of Iowa |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=187 |issue=4173 |pages=251–254 |doi=10.1126/science.187.4173.251 |pmid=17838783 |jstor=1739069|bibcode=1975Sci...187..251A |s2cid=39189634 }}</ref> The genus is therefore ''incertae sedis'' within the kingdom [[Animal]]ia. * While it was unclear to which order the [[New World vulture]]s (family Cathartidae) should be assigned, they were placed in Aves ''incertae sedis''.<ref>{{cite web |author1=J. V. Remsen Jr. |author2=C. D. Cadena |author3=A. Jaramillo |author4=M. Nores |author5=J. F. Pacheco |author6=M. B. Robbins |author7=T. S. Schulenberg |author8=F. G. Stiles |author9=D. F. Stotz |author10=K. J. Zimmer |date=2007 |url=http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.html |title=A classification of the bird species of South America |work=South American Classification Committee |access-date=2007-10-15 |publisher=[[American Ornithologists' Union]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071010072549/http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~remsen/SACCBaseline.html |archive-date=10 October 2007}}</ref> It was later agreed to place them in a separate order, Cathartiformes.<ref>{{cite web|author1=J. V. Remsen Jr. |author2=C. D. Cadena |author3=A. Jaramillo |author4=M. Nores |author5=J. F. Pacheco |author6=M. B. Robbins |author7=T. S. Schulenberg |author8=F. G. Stiles |author9=D. F. Stotz |author10=K. J. Zimmer |date=2011 |url=http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.html |title=A classification of the bird species of South America |work=South American Classification Committee |access-date=2011-06-12 |publisher=[[American Ornithologists' Union]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090302073659/http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.html |archive-date=2009-03-02 }}</ref> * [[Bocage's longbill]], ''Motacilla bocagii'', previously known as ''Amaurocichla bocagii'', is a species of [[passerine|passerine bird]] that belongs to the superfamily [[Passeroidea]]. Since it was unclear to which family it belongs, it was classified as Passeroidea ''incertae sedis'', until a 2015 phylogenetic study placed it in ''[[Motacilla]]'' of [[Motacillidae]].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Per Alström |author2=Knud A. Jønsson |author3=Jon Fjeldså |author4=Anders Ödeen |author5=Per G. P. Ericson |author6=Martin Irestedt |title=Dramatic niche shifts and morphological change in two insular bird species|journal=[[Royal Society Open Science]]|date=2015|volume=2|issue=3|page=140364|doi=10.1098/rsos.140364|pmid=26064613|pmc=4448822|bibcode=2015RSOS....240364A}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author1=Rebecca B. Harris |author2=Per Alström |author3=Anders Ödeen |author4=Adam D. Leaché |title=Discordance between genomic divergence and phenotypic variation in a rapidly evolving avian genus (Motacilla)|journal=[[Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution]]|date=2018|volume=120|pages=183–195|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2017.11.020|pmid=29246816|arxiv=1707.03864|bibcode=2018MolPE.120..183H |s2cid=3592799}}</ref> * ''[[Parakaryon myojinensis]]'', a single-celled organism that is apparently distinct from [[Prokaryote|prokaryotes]] ''and'' [[Eukaryote|eukaryotes]], being the only identified species with a completely unknown position within the [[tree of life (biology)|tree of life]].<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Yamaguchi | first1 = Masashi | display-authors = etal | title = Prokaryote or eukaryote? A unique microorganism from the deep sea | journal = Microscopy | date = 28 September 2012 | volume = 61 | issue = 6 | pages = 423–431 | doi = 10.1093/jmicro/dfs062 | pmid = 23024290}}</ref> * [[Biological dark matter]], genetic material produced from unidentified microorganisms that appears to match no known species. Like ''Parakaryon'', its producers' positions in the tree of life are completely unknown. * ''[[Metallogenium]]'' is a bacterium that can form star-shaped minerals.<ref>{{cite book |editor=Joachim Reitner & Volker Theil |date=2011 |author=Joachim Reitner |chapter=''Metallogenium'' |title=Encyclopedia of Geobiology |pages=563–565 |doi=10.1007/978-1-4020-9212-1_220 |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]] |isbn=978-1-4020-9211-4|series=Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series |bibcode=2011enge.book.....R }}</ref> * [[Circothecidae]] are a family of [[Cambrian]] animals, sometimes attributed to the [[Hyolitha]], though some authors suggest (on the basis of no specified evidence) that they are definitely not. * The [[Titanomis|frosted phoenix]] moth (''Titanomis sisyrota'') is so rare and so obscure it is unable to be placed in any family within the [[Lepidoptera]].
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