Editing Incheon (section)

==History==
The first historical record of the Incheon area dates back to 475 AD, during the reign of [[King Jangsu]] of [[Goguryeo]], by the name of '''Michuhol''', which is supposed to be located on modern Munhak Hill ({{lang|ko|문학산}}). The area underwent several name changes with successive kingdoms and dynasties. In [[Goryeo]] era, Incheon was called '''Gyeongwon''' ({{lang|ko|경원}}) or '''Inju''' ({{lang|ko|인주}}). The current name was turned to Incheon in 1413. {{citation needed|date=October 2017}} Later, Incheon County became Incheon Metropolitan Prefecture (dohobu, {{lang|ko|도호부}}). Old Incheon consisted of modern southern Incheon (i.e. Jung-gu, Dong-gu, Nam-gu, Yeonsu District, and Namdong District) and the northern part of [[Siheung]]. The city center was Gwangyo-dong, where the prefecture office ({{lang|ko|도호부청사}}) and the local academy (hyanggyo, {{lang|ko|향교}}) were located. The "original" two remaining buildings of the Incheon prefecture office are located in Munhak Elementary School, while the newly built (in 2001) prefecture office buildings are right across from [[Munhak Baseball Stadium]].

===Modern history===
[[File:Chemulpo (Incheon), 1890.jpg|thumb|left|270px|Jemulpo in 1890]]
Another historical name of the city, '''Jemulpo''' (alternatively Romanized as '''Chemulpo'''), was not widely used until the opening of the port in 1883. It was frequently used until the Japanese annexation.<ref>[http://english.incheon.go.kr/ Incheon Metropolitan City] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060107015749/http://english.incheon.go.kr/ |date=7 January 2006 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ewing |first=Stefan |url=http://koreaweb.ws/pipermail/koreanstudies_koreaweb.ws/2006-January/005354.html |title=By Train from Seoul to Incheon – and Jemulpo, too |publisher=Korea Web |date=25 January 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928035926/http://koreaweb.ws/pipermail/koreanstudies_koreaweb.ws/2006-January/005354.html |archive-date=28 September 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> After the opening of the Incheon port, the city center moved from Gwangyo to Jemulpo. Today, either Jemulpo or Gwangyo-dong is considered "Original Incheon" ({{lang|ko|원인천}}). It was internationally known as '''Jinsen''' during [[Korea under Japanese rule|Japanese rule]], based on the Japanese pronunciation of Incheon's Sino-Korean name.

In 1914, the Japanese colonial government merged outer parts of old Incheon (including the former center of Gwangyo) with [[Bupyeong District|Bupyeong]] County, forming [[Bucheon]] County.<ref>{{Cite web|title=GAMEON'ASIA 2015, March 25–27, 2015, Ghent University, Incheon, South-Korea, Conference Venue {{!}} EUROSIS|url=https://www.eurosis.org/cms/index.php?q=node/2980|access-date=2021-07-08|website=www.eurosis.org|archive-date=24 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324001430/https://www.eurosis.org/cms/index.php?q=node%2F2980|url-status=live}}</ref> Between 1936 and 1940, some part of Bucheon County was recombined into Incheon, by which some part of "old" Bupyeong was annexed into Incheon.

Incheon was originally part of [[Gyeonggi Province]], but was granted ''Directly Governed'' (now Metropolitan) City status on 1 July 1981; the city officially separated from the province. In 1989, neighboring islands and Gyeyang township of Gimpo County{{efn|Prior to 1973, the township belonged to Bucheon or old Bupyeong.}} were ceded to Incheon and in 1995 Geomdan township of Gimpo County and two counties of Ganghwa and Onjin were annexed to Incheon.{{citation needed|date=March 2022}}

Incheon was known as '''Inchon''' prior to South Korea's adoption of a [[Revised Romanization of Korean|new Romanization system]] in 2000.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Herald |first=Korea |date=2022-03-02 |title=[Lee Kyong-hee] Romanization of Korean &ndash; alphabet buffet |url=https://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20220302000147 |access-date=2024-03-18 |website=[[The Korea Herald]] |language=en |archive-date=18 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318133631/https://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20220302000147 |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:City attacked with tear gas 1987-05-10.png|left|thumb|Juan-dong, Incheon attacked with tear gas in May 1987]]

=== Major events ===
The city was the site of the [[Battle of Chemulpo Bay]], where the first shots of the [[Russo-Japanese War]] were fired.

During the [[Korean War]], Incheon was occupied by North Korean troops on 4 July 1950. Incheon was the site of the [[Battle of Inchon]] when the United States troops landed to relieve pressure on the [[Pusan Perimeter]] and to launch a United Nations offensive northward. The result was a decisive UN victory and it was recaptured on 19 September 1950.<ref>Bill Sloan, ''The Darkest Summer: Pusan and Inchon 1950: The Battles That Saved South Korea—and the Marines—From Extinction''(2009)</ref> {{USS|Inchon||6}} was named after the tide-turning battle that ensued.

Prior to and during the [[June Democratic Struggle|June Democratic Movement]] in 1987, Incheon was the site of several pro-democracy protests.

Incheon has also hosted a series of major international events. The Global Fair & Festival 2009 Incheon was held in the Songdo District in August 2009. It was open from 7 August to 25 October for a period of 80 days. It was a comprehensive international event with global institutions and corporations as participants. Various musicians and artists performed during the event.
[[File:인천광역시 시청 본관 2024.jpg|thumb|Incheon City Hall (2024.10)]]

The city hosted a meeting of the [[G20]] Finance Ministers in February 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.g8.utoronto.ca/g20/|title=G20 Information Centre|work=utoronto.ca|access-date=19 January 2010|archive-date=16 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216181533/http://www.g8.utoronto.ca/g20/|url-status=live}}</ref> Incheon was the site of the third Global Model United Nations Conference, held from 10 to 14 August 2011.

It first hosted the [[Incheon Women Artists' Biennale]] in 2004 which expanded into welcoming international artists in its subsequent 2007, 2009<ref>{{cite news|last=Garcia |first=Cathy Rose A. |title=Spotlight on Women Artists at Incheon Biennale |date=30 July 2009 |newspaper=[[The Korea Times]] |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/art/2009/09/203_49336.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811041901/http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/art/2009/09/203_49336.html |archive-date=11 August 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> and 2011.

Incheon hosted the [[Asian Games]] in 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ocasia.org/Game/GHAFDetails?q=aKk4+eLTtkU0FFSe77FvufSabEQ+7pbdEdiwzqmxViilKeU8DBtcRpORjJxkGRKoY+p7/Kby5fQysZ6i4RcR8g==|title=- Olympic Council of Asia|website=www.ocasia.org|access-date=2019-02-18|archive-date=11 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911002226/http://www.ocasia.org/Game/GHAFDetails?q=aKk4+eLTtkU0FFSe77FvufSabEQ+7pbdEdiwzqmxViilKeU8DBtcRpORjJxkGRKoY+p7%2FKby5fQysZ6i4RcR8g%3D%3D|url-status=live}}</ref> It hosted the 6th [[OECD]] World Forum in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The 6th OECD World Forum: the Future of Well-being, 27–29 November 2018, Incheon, Korea|url=https://www.oecd.org/statistics/6wf.htm|access-date=November 3, 2021|website=OECD|archive-url=https://archive.today/20211103175121/https://www.oecd.org/statistics/6wf.htm|archive-date=3 November 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>

Incheon was designated as the [[World Book Capital]] for the year 2015 by [[UNESCO]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2013-07-23 |title=Incheon (Republic of Korea) named World Book Capital 2015 |url=https://en.unesco.org/news/incheon-republic-korea-named-world-book-capital-2015 |access-date=2022-04-19 |website=UNESCO |language=en |archive-date=9 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210609011619/https://en.unesco.org/news/incheon-republic-korea-named-world-book-capital-2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>