Editing Incubator escapee wiki:Language recognition chart (section)

==Characters==
The language of a foreign text can often be identified by looking up characters specific to that language.
*ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ ([[Latin alphabet]])
**and no other – [[English language|English]], [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]], [[Latin]], [[Malay language|Malay]], [[Swahili language|Swahili]], [[Zulu language|Zulu]] 
**àäèéëïĳöü – [[Dutch language|Dutch]] (Except for the ligature ĳ, these letters are very rare in Dutch.  Even fairly long Dutch texts often have no [[diacritics]].)
**áêéèëïíîôóúû [[Afrikaans language|Afrikaans]]
**êôúû – [[West Frisian language|West Frisian]]
**ÆØÅæøå – [[Danish language|Danish]], [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]]
**single [[diacritics]], mostly [[Trema (diacritic)|umlauts]]
***ÄÖäö – [[Finnish language|Finnish]] (BCDFGQWXZÅbcfgqwxzå are found only in names and loanwords, occasionally also ŠšŽž<!--lowercase d is found in native words-->)
***ÅÄÖåäö – [[Swedish language|Swedish]] (occasionally é)
***ÄÖÕÜäöõü – [[Estonian language|Estonian]] (BCDFGQWXYZcfqwxyz are found only in names and loanwords, occasionally also ŠšŽž<!--lowercase b, d, g are found in native words-->)
***ÄÖÜẞäöüß – [[German language|German]]
**[[Circumflex]]es
***ÇÊÎŞÛçêîşû – [[Kurdish language|Kurdish]]
***ĂÂÎȘȚăâîșț – [[Romanian language|Romanian]]
***ÂÊÎÔÛŴŶÁÉÍÏâêîôûŵŷáéíï – [[Welsh language|Welsh]]; (ÓÚẂÝÀÈÌÒÙẀỲÄËÖÜẄŸóúẃýàèìòùẁỳäëöüẅÿ used also but much less commonly)
***ĈĜĤĴŜŬĉĝĥĵŝŭ – [[Esperanto]]
**Three or more types of diacritics
***ÇĞİÖŞÜçğıöşü – [[Turkish language|Turkish]]
***ÁÐÉÍÓÚÝÞÆÖáðéíóúýþæö – [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]]
***ÁÐÍÓÚÝÆØáðíóúýæø – [[Faroese language|Faroese]]
***ÁÉÍÓÖŐÚÜŰáéíóöőúüű – [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]
***ÀÇÉÈÍÓÒÚÜÏàçéèíóòúüï· – [[Catalan language|Catalan]]
***ÀÂÆÇÉÈÊËÎÏÔŒÙÛÜŸàâæçéèêëîïôœùûüÿ – [[French language|French]]; (Ÿ and ÿ are found only in certain proper names)
***ÁÀÇÉÈÍÓÒÚËÜÏáàçéèíóòúëüï (· only in Gascon dialect) – [[Occitan language|Occitan]]
***ÁÉÍÓÚÂÊÔÀãõçáéíóúâêôà  (ü Brazilian and k, w and y not in native words) – [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]
**ÁÉÍÑÓÚÜáéíñóúü ¡¿ – [[Spanish language|Spanish]]
**ÀÉÈÌÒÙàéèìòù – [[Italian language|Italian]]
**ÁÉÍÓÚÝÃẼĨÕŨỸÑG̃áéíóúýãẽĩõũỹñg̃ - [[Guarani language|Guarani]] (the only language to use g̃)
**ÁĄĄ́ÉĘĘ́ÍĮĮ́ŁŃ áąą́éęę́íįį́łń (FQRVfqrv not in native words) – [[Southern Athabaskan languages]]
***’ÓǪǪ́ āą̄ēę̄īį̄óōǫǫ́ǭúū – [[Western Apache language|Western Apache]]
***'ÓǪǪ́ óǫǫ́ – [[Navajo language|Navajo]]
***’ÚŲŲ́ úųų́ – [[Chiricahua language|Chiricahua]]/[[Mescalero language|Mescalero]]
**ąłńóż [[Lechitic languages]]
***ąćęłńóśźż [[Polish language|Polish]]
***ćśůź [[Silesian language|Silesian]]
***ãéëòôù [[Kashubian language|Kashubian]]
**A, Ą, Ã, B, C, D, E, É, Ë, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, Ł, M, N, Ń, O, Ò, Ó, Ô, P, R, S, T, U, Ù, W, Y, Z, Ż – [[Kashubian alphabet|Kashubian]]
**ČŠŽ
***and no other – [[Slovene language|Slovene]]
***ĆĐ – [[Bosnian language|Bosnian]], [[Croatian language|Croatian]], [[Serbian language|Serbian]] [[Romanization of Serbian|Latin]]
***ÁĎÉĚÍŇÓŘŤÚŮÝáďéěíňóřťúůý – [[Czech language|Czech]]
***ÁÄĎÉÍĽĹŇÓÔŔŤÚÝáäďéíľĺňóôŕťúý – [[Slovak language|Slovak]]
***ĀĒĢĪĶĻŅŌŖŪāēģīķļņōŗū – [[Latvian language|Latvian]]; (ŌŖ and ōŗ no longer used in most modern day Latvian)
***ĄĘĖĮŲŪąęėįųū – [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]]
**ĐÀẢÃÁẠĂẰẲẴẮẶÂẦẨẪẤẬÈẺẼÉẸÊỀỂỄẾỆÌỈĨÍỊÒỎÕÓỌÔỒỔỖỐỘƠỜỞỠỚỢÙỦŨÚỤƯỪỬỮỨỰỲỶỸÝỴ đàảãáạăằẳẵắặâầẩẫấậèẻẽéẹêềểễếệìỉĩíịòỏõóọồổỗốơờởỡớợùủũúụưừửữứựỳỷỹýỵ&nbsp;– [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]]
***ꞗĕŏŭo᷄ơ᷄u᷄&nbsp;– [[Middle Vietnamese]]
**ā ē ī ō ū – May be seen in some [[Japanese language|Japanese]] texts in [[Rōmaji]] or transcriptions (see below) or [[Hawaiian language|Hawaiian]] and [[Māori language|Māori]] texts.
**é – [[Sundanese language|Sundanese]]
**ñ - [[Basque language|Basque]]
* أ ا ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ك ل م ن ه ؤ و ئ ى ي ء [[Arabic alphabet|Arabic script]]
**[[Arabic language|Arabic]], [[Malay language|Malay]] ([[Jawi script|Jawi]]), [[Kurdish language|Kurdish]] (Soranî), [[Punjabi language|Panjabi / Punjabi]], [[Pushtu language|Pashto]], [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]], [[Urdu language|Urdu]], others.
** پ چ ژ گ – [[Persian language|Persian]] (Farsi)
*[[Brahmic family]] of scripts
**[[Bengali script]]
***অ আ  কা কি কী উ কু ঊ কূ ঋ কৃ এ কে ঐ কৈ ও কো ঔ কৌ ক্ কত্‍ কং কঃ কঁ ক খ গ ঘ ঙ চ ছ জ ঝ ঞ ট ঠ ড ঢ ণ ত থ দ ধ ন প ফ ব ভ ম য র ৰ ল ৱ শ ষ স হ য় ড় ঢ় ০  ১  ২  ৩ ৪ ৫  ৬  ৭  ৮ ৯
***used to write [[Bengali language|Bengali]] and [[Assamese language|Assamese]].
**[[Devanāgarī]]
***अ आ इ ई उ ऊ ऋ ॠ ऌ ॡ ऍ ऎ ए ऐ  ऑ ऒ ओ ओ  क ख ग घ ङ च छ ज झ ञ ट ठ ड ढ ण त थ द ध न प फ ब भ म य र ल ळ व श ष स ह ० १ २ ३ ४ ५ ६ ७ ८ ९ प् पँ पं पः प़ पऽ
***used to write, either along with other scripts or exclusively, several [[India]]n languages including [[Sanskrit]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Maithili language|Maithili]], [[Magahi language|Magahi]] [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]], [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]], [[Bhili language|Bhili]], [[Konkani language|Konkani]], [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] and [[Nepali language|Nepali]] from [[Nepal]].
**[[Gurmukhi]]
***ਅਆਇਈਉਊਏਐਓਔਕਖਗਘਙਚਛਜਝਞਟਠਡਢਣਤਥਦਧਨਪਫਬਭਮਯਰਲਲ਼ਵਸ਼ਸਹ
***primarily used to write [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] as well as [[Braj Bhasha]], [[Khariboli]] (and other [[Hindustani]] dialects), [[Sanskrit]] and [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]].
**[[Gujarati script]]
***અ આ ઇ ઈ ઉ ઊ ઋ ઌ ઍ એ ઐ ઑ ઓ ઔ ક ખ ગ ઘ ઙ ચ છ જ ઝ ઞ ટ ઠ ડ ઢ ણ ત થ દ ધ ન પ ફ બ ભ મ ય ર લ ળ વ શ ષ સ હ ૠ ૡૢૣ
***used to write [[Gujarati script|Gujarati]] and [[Kachchi]]
**[[Tibetan script]]
***ཀ ཁ ག ང ཅ ཆ ཇ ཉ ཏ ཐ ད ན པ ཕ བ མ ཙ ཚ ཛ ཝ ཞ ཟ འ ཡ ར ལ ཤ ས ཧ ཨ
***used to write [[Standard Tibetan]], [[Dzongkha]] (Bhutanese), and [[Sikkimese language|Sikkimese]]
* АБВГДЕЖЗИКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШ ([[Cyrillic alphabet]])
** ЙЩЬЮЯ
*** Ъ – [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]]
*** ЁЫЭ
**** Ў, no Щ, І instead of И (Ґ in some variants) – [[Belarusian language|Belarusian]]
**** rarely Ъ – [[Russian language|Russian]]
*** ҐЄІЇ – [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]
** ЉЊЏ, Ј instead of Й ([[Vuk Karadžić]]'s reform)
*** ЃЌЅ – [[Macedonian language|Macedonian]]
*** ЋЂ – [[Serbian language|Serbian]]
** ЄꙂꙀЗІЇꙈОуꙊѠЩЪꙐЬѢЮꙖѤѦѨѪѬѮѰѲѴҀ&nbsp;– [[Old Church Slavonic]], [[Church Slavonic]]
** Ӂ&nbsp;– Romanian in [[Transnistria]] (elsewhere in Latin)
*ΑΒΓΔΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΩ αβγδεζηθικλμνξοπρσςτυφχψω ([[Greek Alphabet]]) – [[Greek language|Greek]]
*אבגדהוזחטיכלמנסעפצקרשת ([[Hebrew alphabet]])
**and maybe some odd dots and lines above, below, or inside characters – [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]]
**פֿ; dots/lines below letters appearing ''only'' with א,י, and ו – [[Yiddish]]
**no dots or lines around the letters, and more than a few words end with א (i.e., they have it at the leftmost position) – [[Aramaic]]
**[[Ladino language|Ladino]]
*漢字文化圈 – Some East Asian Languages
**and no other – [[Chinese language|Chinese]]
**with あいうえおの [[Hiragana]] and/or アイウエオノ [[Katakana]] – [[Japanese language|Japanese]]
*위키백과에 (note commonplace ellipses and circles) [[Korean language|Korean]]
*ㄅㄆㄇㄈㄉㄊㄋㄌㄍㄎㄏ etc. -- ㄓㄨˋㄧㄣㄈㄨˊㄏㄠˋ ([[Bopomofo]])
**ㄪㄫㄬ -- not [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]]
*កខគឃងចឆជឈញដឋឌឍណតថទធនបផពភមសហយរលឡអវអ្កអ្ខអ្គអ្ឃអ្ងអ្ចអ្ឆអ្ឈអ្ញអ្ឌអ្ឋអ្ឌអ្ឃអ្ណអ្តអ្ថអ្ទអ្ធអ្នអ្បអ្ផអ្ពអ្ភអ្មអ្សអ្ហអ្យអ្រអ្យអ្លអ្អអ្វ អក្សរខ្មែរ  ([[Khmer alphabet]]) - [[Khmer_language|Khmer]]
*Ա Բ Գ Դ Ե Զ Է Ը Թ Ժ Ի Լ Խ Ծ Կ Հ Ձ Ղ Ճ Մ Յ Ն Շ Ո Չ Պ Ջ Ռ Ս Վ Տ Ր Ց Ւ Փ Ք Օ Ֆ ([[Armenian alphabet]]) – [[Armenian language|Armenian]]
*ა ბ გდ ევ ზ ჱ თ ი კ ლ მ ნ ჲ ო პ ჟ რ ს ტ ჳ უ ფ ქ ღ ყ შ ჩ ც ძ წ ჭ ხ ჴ ჯ ჰ ჵ ჶ ჷ ჸ ([[Georgian alphabet]]) – [[Georgian language|Georgian]]
*กขฃคฅฆงจฉชซฌญฎฏฐฑฒณดตถทธนบปผฝพฟภมยรฤลฦวศษสหฬอฮฯะา฿เแโใไๅๆ๏๐๑๒๓๔๕๖๗๘๙๚๛ ([[Thai script]]) - [[Thai language|Thai]]
*AEIOUHKLMNPW' [[Hawaiian language|Hawaiian alphabet]] - Hawaiian
*ⴰⴱⴲⴳⴴⴵⴶⴷⴸⴹⴺⴻⴼⴽⴾⴿⵀⵁⵂⵃⵄⵅⵆⵇⵈⵉⵊⵋⵌⵍⵎⵐⵑⵒⵓⵔⵕⵖⵗⵘⵙⵚⵛⵜⵝⵞⵠⵡⵢⵣⵤⵥⵦⵧ [[Tifinagh]], a script used for [[Tamazight]] (Berber)
* ꦄꦅꦆꦇꦈꦉꦊꦋꦌꦍꦎꦏꦐꦑꦒꦓꦔꦕꦖꦗꦘꦙꦚꦛꦜꦝꦞꦟꦠꦡꦢꦣꦤꦥꦦꦧꦨꦩꦪꦫꦬꦭꦮꦯꦰꦱꦲ [[Javanese Script]], also written in Arabic and English script- very similar to [[Balinese script]] in letters 
* ᮃᮄᮅᮆᮇᮈᮉᮊᮋᮌᮍᮎᮏᮐᮑᮒᮓᮔᮕᮖᮗᮘᮙᮚᮛᮜᮝᮞᮟᮠ [[Sundanese script]], also written in Arabic and English script