Editing Independent Subway System (section)

==Nomenclature==
[[File:Independent Subway by David Shankbone.jpg|thumb|Independent Subway mosaics sign at [[14th Street (IND Sixth Avenue Line)|14th Street]] station on the [[IND Sixth Avenue Line|Sixth Avenue Line]], before [[V (New York City Subway service)|V train service]] at this station was replaced by [[M (New York City Subway service)|M train service]]]]
Until 1940, it was known as the Independent City-Owned Subway System (ICOS), Independent Subway System (ISS), or Independent City-Owned Rapid Transit Railroad. It became known as the IND after unification of the subway lines in 1940; the name ''IND'' was assigned to match the three-letter initialisms that the IRT and BMT used.<ref name="nycsubway.org"/>

The first IND line was the [[IND Eighth Avenue Line|Eighth Avenue Line]] in [[Manhattan]], opened on September 10, 1932; for a while the whole system was colloquially known as the '''Eighth Avenue Subway'''. The original IND system was entirely underground in the four boroughs that it served, with the exception of a short section of the [[IND Culver Line]] containing two stations spanning the [[Gowanus Canal]] in the [[Gowanus, Brooklyn|Gowanus]] section of Brooklyn.<ref name="nycsubway.org"/>