Editing Individualism (section)

== Etymology ==
In the [[English language]], the word ''individualism'' was first introduced as a pejorative by [[utopian socialists]] such as the [[Owenism|Owenites]] in the late 1830s, although it is unclear if they were influenced by [[Saint-Simonianism]] or came up with it independently.<ref name="Claeys">{{cite journal|author=Claeys, Gregory |author-link=Gregory Claeys |title="Individualism," "Socialism," and "Social Science": Further Notes on a Process of Conceptual Formation, 1800–1850 |journal=Journal of the History of Ideas |year=1986 |volume=47 |issue=1 |pages=81–93 |doi=10.2307/2709596|jstor=2709596|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press}}</ref> A more positive use of the term in Britain came to be used with the writings of [[James Elishama Smith]], a [[millenarian]]-turned-socialist and [[Christian Israelite]]. Although an early follower of [[Robert Owen]], he eventually rejected Owen's collective idea of property and found in individualism a "[[universalism]]" that allowed for the development of the "original genius". Without individualism, Smith argued that individuals cannot amass property to increase one's happiness.<ref name="Claeys"/> [[William Maccall]], another [[Unitarianism|Unitarian]] preacher and probably an acquaintance of Smith, came somewhat later, although influenced by [[John Stuart Mill]], [[Thomas Carlyle]] and [[German Romanticism]], to the same positive conclusions in his 1847 work ''Elements of Individualism''.<ref name="Swart">{{cite journal|author=Swart, Koenraad W. |author-link=Koenraad W. Swart |title="Individualism" in the Mid-Nineteenth Century (1826–1860) |journal=Journal of the History of Ideas |year=1962 |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=77–90 |doi=10.2307/2708058|jstor=2708058|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press}}</ref>