Editing Inner London (section)

==History==
===Background===
The area that is now Inner London was defined by the [[Registrar General]] as a collection of parishes called "London" and appeared in the [[United Kingdom Census 1851|1851 Census]]. At the time the metropolitan area—commonly called the Metropolis—had its origins in the area of the [[Bills of mortality]] that had expanded from the tiny [[City of London]] into three surrounding counties{{Which|date=January 2024}} over the previous several hundred years. The area become fixed in 1847 with the addition of Lewisham Poor Law Union and the parish of Hampstead.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/census/SRC_P/4/EW1861GEN#_edn7 |title=1861 Census: General Report |publisher=Vision of Britain |access-date=2016-08-16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829013522/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/census/SRC_P/4/EW1861GEN#_edn7 |archive-date=2016-08-29 }}</ref> In 1855 the Registrar General area, with the addition of [[Penge]], was used to define the district of the [[Metropolitan Board of Works]].<ref name=davis>Davis, J., ''Reforming London: The London Government Problem, 1855–1900'', (1988)</ref> The Metropolis was also described as Inner London from the 1881 Census.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/census/SRC_P/3/EW1881GEN |title=1881 Census: General Report |publisher=Vision of Britain |access-date=2016-08-16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829004020/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/census/SRC_P/3/EW1881GEN |archive-date=2016-08-29 }}</ref> In 1889 this area became the [[County of London]]. The area was adjusted in 1900 when Penge was transferred to Kent and [[South Hornsey]] was gained from Middlesex.

===London Government Act 1963===
The "Inner [[London boroughs]]" were defined by the [[London Government Act 1963]].<ref>Office of Public Sector Information – [http://www.opsi.gov.uk/RevisedStatutes/Acts/ukpga/1963/cukpga_19630033_en_1 London Government Act 1963 (c.33) (as amended)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080530162414/http://www.opsi.gov.uk/RevisedStatutes/Acts/ukpga/1963/cukpga_19630033_en_1 |date=2008-05-30 }}</ref> The Inner London boroughs occupied the same area as the County of London that was abolished as they were created. [[North Woolwich]] was an anomaly as it was part of the County of London, but became part of an Outer London borough.

The main difference between Inner and Outer London boroughs between 1965 and 1990 was that the councils of the inner boroughs were not local education authorities and there was a single [[Inner London Education Authority]] for the area, including the [[City of London]]. The inner borough councils became local education authorities on 1 April 1990.

The statutory definition is used as part of the grant settlement used to finance local government.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.local.communities.gov.uk/finance/stats/lgfs/2005/lgfs16/h/lgfs16/images/maps/a1f.gif |title=Local authority lower tier boundaries – Greater London |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100531090835/http://www.local.communities.gov.uk/finance/stats/lgfs/2005/lgfs16/h/lgfs16/images/maps/a1f.gif |archive-date=2010-05-31 }}</ref>

The statutory Inner London boroughs are:

{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* [[London Borough of Camden|Camden]]
* [[Royal Borough of Greenwich|Greenwich]]
* [[London Borough of Hackney|Hackney]]
* [[London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham|Hammersmith and Fulham]]
* [[London Borough of Islington|Islington]]
* [[Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea|Kensington and Chelsea]]
* [[London Borough of Lambeth|Lambeth]]
* [[London Borough of Lewisham|Lewisham]]
* [[London Borough of Southwark|Southwark]]
* [[London Borough of Tower Hamlets|Tower Hamlets]]
* [[London Borough of Wandsworth|Wandsworth]]
* [[City of Westminster|Westminster]]{{div col end}}

[[Newham London Borough Council]] argues that the municipality should be treated as part of Inner London for statutory purposes, as it is for statistical purposes (see below).<ref name=newham/> This would benefit the borough financially. Only the North Woolwich area of Newham fell within the former [[County of London]], however, and the council's advocacy has not borne fruit.

The [[City of London]] was not designated as an Inner London borough, but the [[Corporation of London]] is usually classed as an inner London local authority.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.londoncouncils.gov.uk/londonfacts/londonlocalgovernment/londonboroughs.htm |title=List of inner/outer London boroughs |publisher=[[London Councils]] |access-date=19 January 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140122151507/http://www.londoncouncils.gov.uk/londonfacts/londonlocalgovernment/londonboroughs.htm |archive-date=22 January 2014 }}</ref>

===Statistics===
[[File:Inner London population pyramid.svg|thumb|Inner London population pyramid in 2021]]
The [[Office for National Statistics]] and [[Eurostat]] define Inner London differently, explicitly including the [[City of London]], adding [[London Borough of Haringey|Haringey]] and [[London Borough of Newham|Newham]], but excluding [[Royal Borough of Greenwich|Greenwich]].<ref>{{cite web |work=A vision of Britain through time |publisher=[[Great Britain Historical GIS]] |title=Inner London through time: Administrative History (post 1974) |url=http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10076845 |access-date=2009-11-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708095850/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/unit_page.jsp;jsessionid=6FDDA7BE0539723BE65736D5553628D9?u_id=10076845 |archive-date=2019-07-08 }}</ref> The land area is {{convert|319|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} and the population at the 2021 Census was 3,404,300.<ref>{{cite web |title=Population and household estimates, England and Wales: Census 2021 |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/datasets/populationandhouseholdestimatesenglandandwalescensus2021 |website=Office for National Statistics |access-date=8 July 2023}}</ref>

{{Bar chart
| title      = Historical population
| label_type = Year
| data_type  = Population
| data_max   = 5,000,000
| label4  = 1891  | data4  = 4,488,242
| label5  = 1901  | data5  = 4,859,558
| label6  = 1911  | data6  = 4,998,237
| label7  = 1921  | data7  = 4,972,870
| label8  = 1931  | data8  = 4,893,261
| label9  = 1939  | data9  = 4,364,457
| label10 = 1951  | data10 = 3,679,390 
| label11 = 1961  | data11 = 3,492,879 
| label12 = 1971  | data12 = 3,031,935 
| label13 = 1981  | data13 = 2,550,100
| label14 = 1991  | data14 = 2,599,300
| label15 = 2001  | data15 = 2,859,400
| label16 = 2011  | data16 = 3,231,901
| label17 = 2021  | data17 = 3,404,300
}}

==== Ethnicity ====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! rowspan="3" |Ethnic Group
! colspan="10" |Year
|-
! colspan="2" |1981 estimations<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicityin1991c0000unse |title=Ethnicity in the 1991 census: Vol 3 - Social geography and ethnicity in Britain, geographical spread, spatial concentration and internal migration |date=1996 |publisher=London : HMSO |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-11-691655-6}}</ref>
! colspan="2" scope="col" |1991 census<ref name=":02">{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicityin1991c0000unse |title=Ethnicity in the 1991 census: Vol 3 - Social geography and ethnicity in Britain, geographical spread, spatial concentration and internal migration |date=1996 |publisher=London : HMSO |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-11-691655-6}}</ref>
! colspan="2" scope="col" |2001 census<ref>{{cite web |title=Office of National Statistics; 2001 Census Key Statistics |url=https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20160105160709/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/census-2001-key-statistics/local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/local-authorities-ks06--ethnic-group.xls |access-date=2021-09-07 |website=webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk}}</ref>
! colspan="2" scope="col" |2011 census<ref name=":36">{{Cite web |title=2011 Census: Ethnic Group, local authorities in England and Wales |url=https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20160105160709/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/rft-table-ks201ew.xls |access-date=2021-12-15 |website=webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2021 census<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ethnic group - Office for National Statistics |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/datasets/TS021/editions/2021/versions/1/filter-outputs/d2f0a39a-75b6-4995-b4bd-a5b68ff79027#get-data |access-date=2022-11-29 |website=www.ons.gov.uk}}</ref>
|-
!Number
!%
! scope="col" |Number
! scope="col" |%
! scope="col" |Number
! scope="col" |%
! scope="col" |Number
! scope="col" |%
!Number
!%
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row" |[[White people in the United Kingdom|White]]: Total
!2,062,832
!81.3%
!1,949,430
!74.2%
!1,816,605
!65.7%
!1,853,209
!57.3%
!1,813,918
!53.3%
|-
| scope="row" |White: [[White British|British]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|1,396,753
|50.5%
|1,240,266
|38.4%
|1,130,882
|33.2%
|-
| scope="row" |White: [[White Irish|Irish]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|93,164
|
|75,165
|
|66,808
|
|-
| scope="row" |White: [[White Gypsy or Irish Traveller|Gypsy or Irish Traveller]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|3,055
|
|1,946
|
|-
|White: Roma
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|19,347
|
|-
| scope="row" |White: [[Other White|Other]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|326,688
|11.8%
|534,723
|16.5%
|594,935
|17.5%
|-
! scope="row" |[[British Asian|Asian or Asian British]]: Total
!161,816
!6.4%
!261,159
!9.9%
!294,361
!10.6%
!515,193
!15.9%
!586,432
!17.2%
|-
| scope="row" |Asian or Asian British: [[British Indians|Indian]]
|60,166
|
|77,999
|
|85,471
|
|109,933
|
|116,889
|
|-
| scope="row" |Asian or Asian British: [[British Pakistanis|Pakistani]]
|22,730
|
|30,824
|
|43,559
|
|59,890
|
|68,055
|
|-
| scope="row" |Asian or Asian British: [[British Bangladeshis|Bangladeshi]]
|35,014
|1.4%
|75,275
|2.9%
|128,314
|4.6%
|163,838
|5.1%
|216,810
|6.4%
|-
| scope="row" |Asian or Asian British: [[British Chinese|Chinese]]
|19382
|
|29358
|
|38,918
|
|65,983
|
|75,259
|
|-
| scope="row" |Asian or Asian British: Other Asian
|24524
|1%
|47703
|1.8%
|37,017
|
|115,549
|
|109,419
|
|-
! scope="row" |[[Black British people|Black or Black British]]: Total
!273,511
!10.8%
!355,493
!13.5%
!454,450
!16.4%
!540,181
!16.7%
!550,140
!16.2%
|-
| scope="row" |Black or Black British: [[British African-Caribbean people|African]]
|70,869
|2.8%
|114,330
|
|189,991
|
|276,513
|8.6%
|314,496
|9.2%
|-
| scope="row" |Black or Black British: [[British African-Caribbean people|Caribbean]]
|161,422
|6.4%
|188,333
|7.2%
|228,691
|8.3%
|173,959
|5.4%
|167,439
|4.9%
|-
| scope="row" |Black or Black British: [[Classification of ethnicity in the United Kingdom|Other Black]]
|41,220
|
|52,830
|
|35,768
|
|89,709
|
|68,205
|
|-
! scope="row" |[[Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)|Mixed or British Mixed]]: Total
!–
!–
!–
!–
!107,706
!3.9%
!189,748
!5.9%
!226,320
!6.6%
|-
| scope="row" |Mixed: White and Black Caribbean
|–
|–
|–
|–
|35,855
|
|56,900
|
|60,460
|
|-
| scope="row" |Mixed: White and Black African
|–
|–
|–
|–
|18,335
|
|32,203
|
|34,224
|
|-
| scope="row" |Mixed: White and Asian
|–
|–
|–
|–
|23,651
|
|42,114
|
|52,712
|
|-
| scope="row" |Mixed: Other Mixed
|–
|–
|–
|–
|29,865
|
|58,531
|
|78,924
|
|-
! scope="row" |Other: Total
!41,932
!1.7%
!61,416
!2.3%
!54,074
!2.2%
!133,570
!4.1%
!227,335
!6.7%
|-
| scope="row" |Other: Arab
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|50,821
|
|58,171
|
|-
| scope="row" |Other: Any other ethnic group
|–
|–
|
|
|54,074
|2.2%
|82,749
|
|169,164
|
|-
!Non-White: Total
!477,266
!18.7%
!678,070
!25.8%
!910,591
!34.3%
!1,378,692
!42.7%
!1,590,227
!46.7%
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row" |Total
!2,540,098
!100%
!2,627,500
!100%
!2,766,114
!100%
!3,231,901
!100%
!3,404,145
!100%
|}
Figures before 1971 have been reconstructed by the Office for National Statistics based on past censuses in order to fit the 2001 limits. Figures from 1981 onward are ONS midyear estimates (revised as of 2010).<ref>[http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/datasetList.do?JSAllowed=true&Function=&%24ph=60&CurrentPageId=60&step=1&CurrentTreeIndex=-1&searchString=&datasetFamilyId=1813&Next.x=11&Next.y=10 Neighbourhood Statistics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203024814/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/datasetList.do?JSAllowed=true&Function=&%24ph=60&CurrentPageId=60&step=1&CurrentTreeIndex=-1&searchString=&datasetFamilyId=1813&Next.x=11&Next.y=10 |date=3 February 2014}} Retrieved 12 July 2010</ref>

After centuries of increase, the population of Inner London reached its peak of 4,998,237 in 1911. The area's population from [[World War I]] began a steady decline as that of Outer London continued to increase. The census of 1951 showed the damage inflicted by the [[London Blitz|1940s Blitz]] as the population of Greater London switched into decline which was reversed in Outer London with house building and territory expansion whereas in Inner London continued. The war damage and early 20th century slums had physical and psychological hence property price effects and focus on New Towns and suburban development reflected a drive among urban planners for greener, less dense settlements. Inner London reached a post-War nadir, a population not seen since the early 19th century in 1981 having 2,550,100 residents, after which an upward trend ensued and Inner London residents numbered 3,231,901 in 2011 &mdash; 1,766,336 short of the 1911 peak.

{| class="wikitable"
|+First language of children
!First language of child
!1983<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nielsen |first=Jørgen S. |date=1989 |title=Muslims in English schools |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02666958908716116 |journal=Institute of Muslim Minority Affairs Journal |language=en |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=223–245 |doi=10.1080/02666958908716116 |issn=0266-6952|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
!1997<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ethnic Minority Pupils and Pupils for whom English is an Additional Language 1996/97 |url=http://www.dfee.gov.uk/statistics/DB/SBU/b0050/10492e.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000903023946/http://www.dfee.gov.uk/statistics/DB/SBU/b0050/10492e.pdf |archive-date=2000-09-03 }}</ref>
|-
|English
|84%
|66%
|-
|Non-English
|16%
|34%
|}