Editing Instant coffee (section)

==History==
[[File:David Strang Coffee Mills.JPG|thumb|David Strang Coffee Mills]]
A concentrated coffee/milk/sugar mixture was produced for the Union army during the [[American Civil War]] under the name ''Essence of Coffee'', a teaspoonful of which was mixed with a cup of hot water. It had the consistency of axle grease, and proved so unpopular with the troops that it was soon discontinued.<ref>Wiley, Bell Irvin. ''The Life of Billy Yank.'' Doubleday, New York 1971. p. 241</ref> The brand [[Camp Coffee]], a coffee and [[chicory]] essence, was first produced in 1876 by Paterson & Sons Ltd in Scotland.

The invention for instant or soluble coffee was filed 28 January 1889 and patented in 1890, by David Strang of [[Invercargill]], New Zealand, under patent number 3518.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://atojs.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/atojs?a=d&d=AJHR1890-I.2.3.2.1&e=-------10--1------0-- |year=1890 |title=First Annual Report |location=New Zealand |work=Patents, Designs and Trade-marks|page=9 }}</ref> It was sold under the trading name Strang's Coffee<ref>[http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=CHP18930907.2.32.2 Papers Past — Press — 7 September 1893 — Page 3 Advertisements Column 2<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> citing the patented "Dry Hot-Air" process. Some modern sources have credited French humorist and writer [[Alphonse Allais]] with the invention.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Tim|date=2019-07-01|title=The Invention of Instant Coffee – Who, What, Where, and How?|url=https://procaffeination.com/the-invention-of-instant-coffee-who-what-where-and-how/|access-date=2021-08-07|website=Procaffeination|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-24|title=When Was Instant Coffee Invented?|url=https://coffeeaffection.com/when-was-instant-coffee-invented/|access-date=2021-08-07|website=Coffee Affection|language=en-US}}</ref>

The invention was previously attributed to [[Satori Kato]], a Japanese scientist working in Chicago in 1901. Kato introduced the powdered substance in [[Buffalo, New York]], at the [[Pan-American Exposition]].<ref>Carlisle, Rodney (2004). ''Scientific American Inventions and Discoveries'', p.355. John Wiley & Songs, Inc., New Jersey. {{ISBN|0-471-24410-4}}.</ref> [[George Constant Louis Washington]] developed his own instant coffee process shortly thereafter, and first marketed it commercially (1910). The [[Nescafé]] brand, which introduced a more advanced coffee refining process, was launched in 1938.{{cn|date=October 2024}}

High-vacuum freeze-dried coffee was developed shortly after [[World War II]], as an indirect result of wartime research into other areas.{{cn|date=October 2024}} The [[William Appleton Coolidge|National Research Corporation]] (NRC) was formed in [[Massachusetts]] as a process-development company employing high-vacuum technology. It developed high-vacuum processes to produce [[penicillin]], [[blood plasma]], and [[streptomycin]] for US military use. As the war ended, NRC looked to adapt its processes for peacetime uses. It formed Florida Foods Corporation to produce concentrated [[orange juice]] powder and originally sold its product to the [[United States Army]]. That company later changed its name to [[Minute Maid]].
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