Editing Intel (section)

==History==
{{For timeline}}

===Origins===
[[File:Andy Grove Robert Noyce Gordon Moore 1978 edit.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Andrew Grove|Andy Grove]], [[Robert Noyce]] and [[Gordon Moore]] in 1978]]

Intel was incorporated in [[Mountain View, California]], on July 18, 1968, by [[Gordon E. Moore]], a [[chemist]]; [[Robert Noyce]], a physicist and co-inventor of the [[integrated circuit]]; and [[Arthur Rock]], an investor and [[venture capital]]ist.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arthur Rock {{!}} Encyclopedia.com |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/arthur-rock |access-date=June 2, 2023 |website=www.encyclopedia.com |archive-date=June 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602213947/https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/arthur-rock |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://timeline.intel.com/1968/a-rock-solid-startup |title=A Rock-Solid Startup |website=Intel |access-date=July 6, 2023 |quote=Rock was already a founding investor in Intel, along with Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore |archive-date=July 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707162709/https://timeline.intel.com/1968/a-rock-solid-startup |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Arthur Rock: Silicon Valley's Unmoved Mover {{!}} The Generalist |url=https://www.generalist.com/briefing/arthur-rock |access-date=June 2, 2023 |website=www.generalist.com |language=en |archive-date=June 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602213254/https://www.generalist.com/briefing/arthur-rock |url-status=live }}</ref> Moore and Noyce had left [[Fairchild Semiconductor]], where they were part of the "[[traitorous eight]]" who founded it. There were originally 500,000 shares outstanding of which Noyce bought 245,000 shares, Moore 245,000 shares, and Rock 10,000 shares; all at $1 per share. Rock offered $2,500,000 of convertible debentures to a limited group of private investors (equivalent to $21 million in 2022), convertible at $5 per share.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arthur Rock {{!}} Encyclopedia.com |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/arthur-rock |access-date=June 3, 2023 |website=www.encyclopedia.com |archive-date=June 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602213947/https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/arthur-rock |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Stanford Law School |first=Stanford Law School |date=2020 |title=TNTEL CORP $2, 500,000 CONVERTIBLE DEBEN'l'URES |url=https://law.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Intel-Convertible-Note-220920.pdf |access-date=June 3, 2023 |archive-date=June 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603094214/https://law.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Intel-Convertible-Note-220920.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Two years later, Intel became a [[public company]] via an [[initial public offering]] (IPO), raising $6.8 million ($23.50 per share). Intel was the first company to be listed on the then-newly established [[National Association of Securities Dealers]] Automated Quotation System ([[NASDAQ]]).<ref name="Intel_Museum">{{cite web |title=Intel Online Museum: Corporate Timeline (Archived version) |url=http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/history/historic-timeline.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130103012023/http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/history/historic-timeline.html |archive-date=January 3, 2013 |access-date=July 23, 2011 |work=Intel Museum |publisher=Intel}}</ref> Intel's third employee was [[Andrew Grove|Andy Grove]], a [[chemical engineer]], who later ran the company through much of the 1980s and the high-growth 1990s.

In deciding on a name, Moore and Noyce quickly rejected "Moore Noyce",<ref>{{cite web |url = http://download.intel.com/pressroom/kits/events/idffall_2007/TranscriptMoore-Gelsinger.pdf |title = IDF Transcript: Interview with Gordon Moore |publisher = Intel Corporation |date = August 18, 2007 |access-date = July 29, 2009 |archive-date = December 12, 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201212202235/https://download.intel.com/pressroom/kits/events/idffall_2007/TranscriptMoore-Gelsinger.pdf |url-status = live }}</ref> a near-homophone for "more noise"&nbsp;– an ill-suited name for an [[electronics]] company, since [[electronic noise|noise in electronics]] is usually undesirable and typically associated with bad [[electromagnetic interference|interference]]. Instead, they founded the company as NM Electronics on July 18, 1968, but by the end of the month had changed the name to Intel, which stood for Integrated Electronics. Since "Intel" was already trademarked by the hotel chain Intelco, they had to buy the rights for the name.<ref name="Intel_Museum" /><ref>{{cite web |last=Valich |first=Theo |date=September 19, 2007 |title=Secret of Intel name revealed |url=http://www.theinquirer.net/default.aspx?article=42469 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120629001528/http://www.theinquirer.net/default.aspx?article=42469 |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 29, 2012 |work=[[The Inquirer]] |access-date=September 19, 2007 }}</ref>

===Early history===
At its founding, Intel was distinguished by its ability to make [[logic circuit]]s using [[semiconductor device]]s. The founders' goal was the [[semiconductor memory]] market, widely predicted to replace [[magnetic-core memory]]. Its first product, a quick entry into the small, high-speed memory market in 1969, was the 3101 [[Schottky transistor|Schottky TTL]] [[bipolar junction transistor|bipolar]] 64-bit [[static random-access memory]] (SRAM), which was nearly twice as fast as earlier Schottky diode implementations by Fairchild and the Electrotechnical Laboratory in [[Tsukuba, Ibaraki|Tsukuba, Japan]].<ref>[http://www.computerhistory.org/semiconductor/timeline/1969-Schottky.html 1969&nbsp;– Schottky-Barrier Diode Doubles the Speed of TTL Memory & Logic] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004034001/http://www.computerhistory.org/semiconductor/timeline/1969-Schottky.html |date=October 4, 2011 }} Computer History Museum. Retrieved September 23, 2011.</ref><ref>[https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0B9rh9tVI0J5mZWJjZTRlN2MtOTJiMy00YmRmLWE0MjMtODI1ZDQ5MTU2YTFl&hl=en Schottky Bipolar 3101, 3101A RAMs] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120113161933/https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0B9rh9tVI0J5mZWJjZTRlN2MtOTJiMy00YmRmLWE0MjMtODI1ZDQ5MTU2YTFl&hl=en |date=January 13, 2012 }} Google Docs.</ref> In the same year, Intel also produced the 3301 Schottky bipolar 1024-bit [[read-only memory]] (ROM)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Schottky Bipolar 3301A ROM |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B9rh9tVI0J5mYWM3MGM1NWItYjI2YS00MGU0LWFiOGYtZjczZDdjY2IxNGJl/view |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114004128/https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0B9rh9tVI0J5mYWM3MGM1NWItYjI2YS00MGU0LWFiOGYtZjczZDdjY2IxNGJl&hl=en |archive-date=January 14, 2012 |access-date=2025-05-20 |website=Google Docs}}</ref> and the first commercial [[MOSFET|metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor]] (MOSFET) [[silicon gate]] SRAM chip, the 256-bit 1101.<ref name="Intel_Museum" /><ref name="Intel-Product-Timeline">{{cite web|url=http://download.intel.com/museum/research/arc_collect/timeline/TimelineDateSort7_05.pdf |title=A chronological list of Intel products. The products are sorted by date. |access-date=July 31, 2007 |date=July 2005 |work=Intel museum |publisher=Intel Corporation |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070809053720/http://download.intel.com/museum/research/arc_collect/timeline/TimelineDateSort7_05.pdf |archive-date=August 9, 2007}}</ref><!-- I am not sure if this reference is formatted correctly with only the archive URL still operating.--><ref>{{Cite web |title=Silicon Gate MOS 1101A RAM |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B9rh9tVI0J5mYjBjNmY1YTktY2U2OS00MDNiLWI1YTAtZjhhOWE1NjQyN2Zk/view |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120113192720/https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0B9rh9tVI0J5mYjBjNmY1YTktY2U2OS00MDNiLWI1YTAtZjhhOWE1NjQyN2Zk&hl=en |archive-date=January 13, 2012 |access-date=2025-05-20 |website=Google Docs}}</ref>

While the 1101 was a significant advance, its complex static [[Memory cell (computing)|cell structure]] made it too slow and costly for [[mainframe computer|mainframe]] memories. The three-[[transistor]] cell implemented in the first commercially available [[dynamic random-access memory]] (DRAM), the [[Intel 1103|1103]] released in 1970, solved these issues. The 1103 was the bestselling semiconductor memory chip in the world by 1972, as it replaced core memory in many applications.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Sideris |first=George |title=The Intel 1103: The MOS memory that defied cores |magazine=Electronics |pages=108–113 |date=April 26, 1973}}</ref><ref name=Bellis>{{cite web|url=https://www.thoughtco.com/who-invented-the-intel-1103-dram-chip-4078677|title=Who Invented the Intel 1103 DRAM Chip|author=Mary Bellis|date=August 25, 2016|publisher=[[ThoughtCo]]|access-date=February 6, 2018|archive-date=September 5, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905034436/https://www.thoughtco.com/who-invented-the-intel-1103-dram-chip-4078677|url-status=live}}</ref> Intel's business grew during the 1970s as it expanded and improved its manufacturing processes and produced a wider range of [[Product (business)|products]], still dominated by various memory devices.

[[File:Federico Faggin (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Federico Faggin]], designer of the [[Intel 4004]]]]

Intel created the first commercially available microprocessor, the [[Intel 4004]], in 1971.<ref name="Intel_Museum" /> The microprocessor represented a notable advance in the technology of integrated circuitry, as it miniaturized the central processing unit of a computer, which then made it possible for small machines to perform calculations that in the past only very large machines could do. Considerable technological innovation was needed before the microprocessor could become the basis of what was first known as a "mini computer" and then a "personal computer".<ref>''The Unfinished Nation'', Volume 2, Brinkley, p. 786.</ref> Intel also created one of the first [[microcomputer]]s in 1973.<ref name="Intel-Product-Timeline" /><ref name="Intellec-1973">{{cite web |url=http://www.old-computers.com/MUSEUM/computer.asp?c=754&st=1 |title=Intel Intellec Series |access-date=July 31, 2007 |last=Silberhorn |first=Gottfried |author2=Colin Douglas Howell |work=old-computers.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100727141838/http://www.old-computers.com/MUSEUM/computer.asp?c=754&st=1 |archive-date=July 27, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Intel opened its first international manufacturing facility in 1972, in [[Malaysia]], which would host multiple Intel operations, before opening assembly facilities and semiconductor plants in [[Singapore]] and [[Jerusalem]] in the early 1980s, and manufacturing and development centers in [[China]], [[India]], and [[Costa Rica|Costa]] Rica in the 1990s.<ref>{{cite web |title=Intel: 35 Years of Innovation (1968–2003) |url=https://www.intel.com/Assets/PDF/General/35yrs.pdf |publisher=Intel |year=2003 |access-date=June 26, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104070452/https://www.intel.com/Assets/PDF/General/35yrs.pdf |archive-date=November 4, 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref> By the early 1980s, its business was dominated by DRAM chips. However, increased competition from Japanese semiconductor manufacturers had, by 1983, dramatically reduced the profitability of this market. The growing success of the [[IBM]] personal computer, based on an Intel microprocessor, was among factors that convinced Gordon Moore (CEO since 1975) to shift the company's focus to microprocessors and to change fundamental aspects of that business model. Moore's decision to sole-source Intel's 386 chip played into the company's continuing success.

By the end of the 1980s, buoyed by its fortuitous position as microprocessor supplier to IBM and IBM's competitors within the rapidly growing [[IBM PC compatible|personal computer market]], Intel embarked on 10 years of unprecedented growth as the primary and most profitable hardware supplier to the PC industry, part of the winning 'Wintel' combination. Moore handed over his position as CEO to [[Andy Grove]] in 1987. By launching its Intel Inside [[marketing campaign]] in 1991, Intel was able to associate [[brand loyalty]] with consumer selection, so that by the end of the 1990s, its line of [[Pentium]] processors had become a household name.

===Challenges to dominance (2000s)===
As Intel exited other markets, the company depended so much on the 80386 and its successors that a marketing employee said that "there's only one product, and Andy Grove's the product manager".<ref name="inteloh20081202">{{Cite interview |last=Crawford |first=John |interviewer=Jim Jarrett |title=Intel 386 Microprocessor Design and Development Oral History Panel |last2=Hill |first2=Gene |last3=Leukhardt |first3=Jill |last4=Prak |first4=Jan Willem |last5=Slager |first5=Jim |url=https://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/access/text/2015/06/102702019-05-01-acc.pdf |access-date=2025-05-15 |publisher=Computer History Museum |place=Mountain View, California |language=en-US}}</ref> After 2000, growth in demand for high-end microprocessors slowed. Competitors, most notably [[AMD]] (Intel's largest competitor in its primary [[x86]] architecture market), garnered significant market share, initially in low-end and mid-range processors but ultimately across the product range. Intel's dominant position in its core market was greatly reduced,<ref name="Wong">{{Cite news|url=https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/20060731/btintelchip31/intel-core-2-duo-a-big-leap-in-chip-race|title=Intel Core 2 Duo a big leap in chip race|last=Wong|first=Nicole|date=July 31, 2006|work=[[The Seattle Times]]|access-date=October 15, 2009|archive-date=December 5, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111205030002/http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=20060731&slug=btintelchip31|url-status=live}}</ref> mostly due to the controversial [[NetBurst]] microarchitecture. In the early 2000s, then-CEO, [[Craig Barrett (businessman)|Craig Barrett]] attempted to diversify the company's business beyond semiconductors, but few of these activities were ultimately successful.

====Litigation====
Intel was embroiled in litigation for several years. U.S. law did not initially recognize [[intellectual property rights]] related to microprocessor [[topology (electrical circuits)|topology]] (circuit layouts), until the [[Semiconductor Chip Protection Act of 1984]], a law sought by Intel and the [[Semiconductor Industry Association]] (SIA).<ref>The Senate Report on the bill (S.Rep. No. 425, 98th Cong., 2d Sess. (1984)) stated: "In the semiconductor industry, innovation is indispensable; research breakthroughs are essential to the life and health of the industry. However, research and innovation in the design of semiconductor chips are threatened by the inadequacies of existing legal protection against piracy and unauthorized copying. This problem, which is so critical to this essential sector of the American economy, is addressed by the Semiconductor Chip Protection Act of 1984. ...[The bill] would prohibit "chip piracy"—the unauthorized copying and distribution of semiconductor chip products copied from the original creators of such works." Quoted in [http://cases.justia.com/us-court-of-appeals/F2/977/1555/304802/ ''Brooktree Corp. v. Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.''] {{Webarchive|url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160516134515/http://cases.justia.com/us-court-of-appeals/F2/977/1555/304802/ |date=May 16, 2016 }}, 977 F.2d 1555, 17 (Fed. Cir. 1992). See also ''Brooktree'', 21–22 (copyright and patent law ineffective).</ref> During the late 1980s and 1990s (after this law was passed), Intel also sued companies that tried to develop competitor chips to the [[Intel 80386|80386]] [[CPU]].<ref name="ReferenceA">"Bill Gates Speaks", page 29. {{ISBN|978-0-471-40169-8}}</ref> The [[lawsuit]]s were noted to significantly burden the competition with legal bills, even if Intel lost the suits.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> [[Antitrust]] allegations had been simmering since the early 1990s and had been the cause of one lawsuit against Intel in 1991. In 2004 and 2005, AMD [[Intel Corp. v. Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.|brought further claims against Intel]] related to [[unfair competition]].

===Reorganization and success with Intel Core (2005–2015)===
In 2005, CEO [[Paul Otellini]] reorganized the company to refocus its core processor and chipset business on platforms (enterprise, digital home, digital health, and mobility). On June 6, 2005, [[Steve Jobs]], then CEO of [[Apple Inc.|Apple]], announced that Apple would be using Intel's x86 processors for its [[Macintosh]] computers, switching from the [[PowerPC]] architecture developed by the [[AIM alliance]].<ref name="auto2">{{cite web|title=Apple to Use Intel Microprocessors Beginning in 2006|url=https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2005/06/06Apple-to-Use-Intel-Microprocessors-Beginning-in-2006/|access-date=February 15, 2021|website=Apple Newsroom|language=en-US|archive-date=January 30, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130185804/https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2005/06/06Apple-to-Use-Intel-Microprocessors-Beginning-in-2006/|url-status=live}}</ref> This was seen as a win for Intel;<ref name="auto1">{{cite news|last1=Markoff|first1=John|author1-link=John Markoff|last2=Lohr|first2=Steve|date=June 6, 2005|title=Apple Plans to SwitchFrom I.B.M. to Intel Chips|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/06/technology/apple-plans-to-switchfrom-ibm-to-intel-chips.html |access-date=February 15, 2021|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904221915/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/06/technology/apple-plans-to-switchfrom-ibm-to-intel-chips.html|archive-date=September 4, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> an analyst called the move "risky" and "foolish", as Intel's current offerings at the time were considered to be behind those of AMD and IBM.<ref name="Computerworld1">{{cite news|last1=Bennett|first1=Amy|date=2005|title=Apple shifting from PowerPC to Intel|work=[[Computerworld]]|url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/2809210/apple-shifting-from-powerpc-to-intel.html|access-date=August 4, 2020|archive-date=November 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113060929/https://www.computerworld.com/article/2809210/apple-shifting-from-powerpc-to-intel.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2006, Intel unveiled its [[Core (microarchitecture)|Core microarchitecture]] to widespread critical acclaim; the product range was perceived as an exceptional leap in processor performance that at a stroke regained much of its leadership of the field.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sandhu|first=Tarinder|date=July 14, 2006|title=Intel Core 2 Duo/Extreme processor review|publisher=Hexus technology news & reviews|url=http://www.hexus.net/content/item.php?item=6184|access-date=October 15, 2009|archive-date=October 16, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091016044047/http://www.hexus.net/content/item.php?item=6184|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-22 |title=Máy Tính Gia Phát |trans-title=Gia Phát Computer |url=https://maytinhgiaphat.vn/ |access-date=2025-05-20 |language=vi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Schofield|first=Jack|date=July 27, 2006|title=Intel raises the bar as AMD drops prices in chip battle|work=The Guardian|location=UK|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2006/jul/27/comment.insideit|access-date=October 15, 2009|archive-date=August 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801210845/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2006/jul/27/comment.insideit|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2008, Intel had another "tick" when it introduced the Penryn microarchitecture, fabricated using the 45&nbsp;nm process node. Later that year, Intel released a processor with the [[Nehalem (microarchitecture)|Nehalem]] architecture to positive reception.<ref>{{cite web|last=Nelson|first=Carl|title=Intel Core i7 "Nehalem" CPU Review|url=http://www.hardcoreware.net/reviews/review-372-11.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131218162625/http://www.hardcoreware.net/reviews/review-372-11.htm|archive-date=December 18, 2013|access-date=December 9, 2013|work=www.hardcoreware.net}}</ref> On June 27, 2006, the sale of Intel's [[XScale]] assets was announced. Intel agreed to sell the XScale processor business to [[Marvell Technology Group]] for an estimated $600&nbsp;million and the assumption of unspecified liabilities. The move was intended to permit Intel to focus its resources on its core x86 and server businesses, and the [[Mergers and acquisitions|acquisition]] completed on November 9, 2006.<ref name="XScale">{{Cite news|date=June 27, 2006|title=Marvell buys Intel's handheld processor unit for $600&nbsp;million|work=eetimes.com|publisher=CMP Media LLC.|url=http://www.eetimes.com/news/latest/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=189601851|url-status=dead|access-date=July 12, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929101919/http://www.eetimes.com/news/latest/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=189601851|archive-date=September 29, 2007}}</ref> In 2008, Intel spun off key assets of a solar startup business effort to form an independent company, SpectraWatt Inc. In 2011, SpectraWatt filed for bankruptcy.<ref name="eetimes1">''[[EE Times]]''. [http://eetimes.com/electronics-news/4219234/Intel-s-solar-spinoff-files-for-bankruptcy "Intel's solar spinoff files for bankruptcy"]. August 23, 2011. Retrieved August 25, 2011. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930003258/http://eetimes.com/electronics-news/4219234/Intel-s-solar-spinoff-files-for-bankruptcy |date=September 30, 2011 }}</ref>

In February 2011, Intel began to build a new microprocessor manufacturing facility in [[Chandler, Arizona]], completed in 2013 at a cost of $5&nbsp;billion.<ref>[http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20110218005980/en/Intel-Invest-5-Billion-Build-Factory-Arizona Intel to Invest More Than $5&nbsp;billion to Build New Factory in Arizona] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110222175644/http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20110218005980/en/Intel-Invest-5-Billion-Build-Factory-Arizona |date=February 22, 2011 }}. Business Wire (February 18, 2011). Retrieved July 8, 2011.</ref> The building is now the 10&nbsp;nm-certified Fab 42 and is connected to the other Fabs (12, 22, 32) on Ocotillo Campus via an enclosed bridge known as the Link.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Video: Intel's Fab 42: A Peek Inside One of the World’s Most Advanced Factories {{!}} Intel Newsroom |url=https://newsroom.intel.com/video-archive/video-intels-fab-42-a-peek-inside-one-of-the-worlds-most-advanced-factories/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20230118185916/https://newsroom.intel.com/video-archive/video-intels-fab-42-a-peek-inside-one-of-the-worlds-most-advanced-factories/ |archive-date=2023-01-18 |access-date=2025-05-20 |work=Intel Newsroom |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author1=Ryan Randazzo |author2=Jerod MacDonald-Evoy |title=Intel says it's investing $7B in Chandler facility, bringing 3K jobs|url=https://www.azcentral.com/story/money/business/jobs/2017/02/08/intel-says-s-investing-7b-chandler-facility-bringing-3000-jobs-fab-42/97648708/|access-date=September 7, 2020|website=The Arizona Republic|language=en-US|archive-date=February 8, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240208100456/https://www.azcentral.com/story/money/business/jobs/2017/02/08/intel-says-s-investing-7b-chandler-facility-bringing-3000-jobs-fab-42/97648708/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Pineda|first=Paulina|title=Roadwork paves way for Intel's massive Fab 42 campus in Chandler|url=https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/local/chandler/2019/06/17/roadwork-paves-way-intels-massive-fab-42-campus-chandler/1451103001/|access-date=September 7, 2020|website=The Arizona Republic|language=en-US|archive-date=February 8, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240208100537/https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/local/chandler/2019/06/17/roadwork-paves-way-intels-massive-fab-42-campus-chandler/1451103001/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Shilov|first=Anton|title=Intel Q3 2019 Fab Update: 10nm Product Era Has Begun, 7nm On Track|url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/15032/intel-2019-fab-update-10nm-hvm-7nm-on-track|access-date=September 7, 2020|website=www.anandtech.com|archive-date=October 28, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028134920/https://www.anandtech.com/show/15032/intel-2019-fab-update-10nm-hvm-7nm-on-track|url-status=live}}</ref> The company produces three-quarters of its products in the United States, although three-quarters of its revenue come from overseas.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Intel Plans to Build $5 Billion Chip Plant in Arizona |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-02-18/intel-plans-to-build-5-billion-chip-plant-in-arizona-hire-4-000-workers.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20131212035739/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-02-18/intel-plans-to-build-5-billion-chip-plant-in-arizona-hire-4-000-workers.html |archive-date=2013-12-12 |access-date=2025-05-20 |work=Bloomberg |language=en}}</ref>

The [[Alliance for Affordable Internet]] (A4AI) was launched in October 2013 and Intel is part of the coalition of public and private organizations that also includes [[Facebook]], [[Google]], and [[Microsoft]]. Led by [[Tim Berners-Lee|Sir Tim Berners-Lee]], the A4AI seeks to make Internet access more affordable to broaden access in the developing world, where only 31% of people are online. Google will help to decrease Internet access prices so that they fall below the UN Broadband Commission's worldwide target of 5% of monthly income.<ref>{{cite news|author=Samuel Gibbs|date=October 7, 2013|title=Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Google lead coalition for cheaper Internet|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/oct/07/google-berners-lee-alliance-broadband-africa?CMP=EMCNEWEML6619I2&et_cid=51918&et_rid=7107573&Linkid=http%3a%2f%2fwww.theguardian.com%2ftechnology%2f2013%2foct%2f07%2fgoogle-berners-lee-alliance-broadband-africa|access-date=October 8, 2013|archive-date=October 19, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019223548/http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/oct/07/google-berners-lee-alliance-broadband-africa?CMP=EMCNEWEML6619I2&et_cid=51918&et_rid=7107573&Linkid=http%3a%2f%2fwww.theguardian.com%2ftechnology%2f2013%2foct%2f07%2fgoogle-berners-lee-alliance-broadband-africa|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Attempts at entering the smartphone market====
In April 2011, Intel began a pilot project with [[ZTE Corporation]] to produce smartphones using the [[Intel Atom]] processor for China's domestic market. In December 2011, Intel announced that it reorganized several of its business units into a new mobile and communications group<ref>{{Cite web |last=Barak |first=Sylvie |date=2011-12-15 |title=Intel announces mobile and wireless reorganization |url=https://www.eetimes.com/Intel-announces-mobile-and-wireless-reorganization-/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104140430/http://www.eetimes.com/electronics-news/4233223/Intel-announces-mobile-and-wireless-reorganization- |archive-date=January 4, 2012 |access-date=2025-05-20 |website=EE Times}}</ref> that would be responsible for the company's smartphone, tablet, and wireless efforts. Intel planned to introduce Medfield – a processor for tablets and smartphones – to the market in 2012, as an effort to compete with Arm.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CNET: Product reviews, advice, how-tos and the latest news |url=https://www.cnet.com/?part=rss&subj=news&tag=2547-1_3-0-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240208100459/https://www.cnet.com/?part=rss&subj=news&tag=2547-1_3-0-20 |archive-date=February 8, 2024 |access-date=2025-05-20 |website=CNET |language=en}}</ref> As a 32-nanometer processor, Medfield is designed to be energy-efficient, one of Arm's chips' core features.<ref name="autogenerated12">Agam Shah, ''[[IDG News]]''. [http://www.pcworld.com/article/229596/intels_new_smartphone_chip_is_key_arm_battle.html "Intel's New Smartphone Chip Is Key ARM Battle"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711142802/http://www.pcworld.com/article/229596/intels_new_smartphone_chip_is_key_arm_battle.html|date=July 11, 2011}}. June 7, 2011. Retrieved July 8, 2011.</ref>

Intel's partnership with Google was announced at the Intel Developers Forum (IDF) 2011 in San Francisco. In January 2012, Google announced Android 2.3, supporting Intel's Atom microprocessor.<ref>Will Knight, ''[[Technology Review]]''. [http://www.technologyreview.com/energy/38578/?p1=A4 "Intel Chases a More Power-Efficient Future"]. September 15, 2011. Retrieved September 19, 2011.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Intel and Google form Android chip alliance |url=https://www.ft.com/content/544c33a8-de3b-11e0-9fb7-00144feabdc0 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111129185021/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/544c33a8-de3b-11e0-9fb7-00144feabdc0.html#axzz1YRA3N2Dr |archive-date=November 29, 2011 |access-date=2025-05-20 |website=www.ft.com |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>All Geek. [http://www.allgeek.tv/2011/09/12/intel-to-officially-support-android-2-3-gingerbread-by-january-2012/ "Intel to Officially Support Android 2.3 Gingerbread by January 2012"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111129194512/http://www.allgeek.tv/2011/09/12/intel-to-officially-support-android-2-3-gingerbread-by-january-2012/|date=November 29, 2011}}. September 12, 2011. Retrieved September 19, 2011.</ref> In 2013, Intel's Kirk Skaugen said that Intel's exclusive focus on Microsoft platforms was a thing of the past and that they would now support all "tier-one operating systems" such as Linux, Android, iOS, and Chrome.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Clark|first1=Jack|date=November 22, 2013|title=Chipzilla couldn't keep up with ARM-dominated mobe world|url=http://www.channelregister.co.uk/2013/11/22/intel_end_of_wintel/|access-date=December 3, 2013|website=channelregister.co.uk|publisher=The Register|archive-date=December 6, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206211259/http://www.channelregister.co.uk/2013/11/22/intel_end_of_wintel/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2014, Intel cut thousands of employees in response to "evolving market trends",<ref>{{cite news|last1=Hargreaves|first1=Steve|date=January 17, 2014|title=Intel to cut over 5,000 jobs|website=cnn.com|publisher=CNNMoney|url=https://money.cnn.com/2014/01/17/technology/intel-jobs/|access-date=January 17, 2014|archive-date=January 18, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140118015900/http://money.cnn.com/2014/01/17/technology/intel-jobs/|url-status=live}}</ref> and offered to subsidize manufacturers for the extra costs involved in using Intel chips in their tablets. In April 2016, Intel cancelled the [[SoFIA]] platform and the Broxton Atom SoC for smartphones,<ref>{{cite web|title=Intel's Changing Future: Smartphone SoCs Broxton & SoFIA Officially Cancelled|url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/10288/intel-broxton-sofia-smartphone-socs-cancelled|access-date=June 13, 2017|website=Anandtech.com|archive-date=June 30, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630181344/http://www.anandtech.com/show/10288/intel-broxton-sofia-smartphone-socs-cancelled|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Edgar Cervantes|title=Intel exits the smartphone & tablet market after killing Broxton and SoFIA chips|url=http://www.androidauthority.com/intel-exits-smartphone-tablet-market-killing-broxton-sofia-chips-690218/|access-date=June 13, 2017|website=Androidauthority.com|date=May 2016|archive-date=June 16, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170616035746/http://www.androidauthority.com/intel-exits-smartphone-tablet-market-killing-broxton-sofia-chips-690218/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Intel's New Strategy Is The Right One For The Company|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/patrickmoorhead/2016/04/28/intels-new-strategy-is-the-right-one-for-the-company/|access-date=June 13, 2017|website=Forbes.com|archive-date=September 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929024606/https://www.forbes.com/sites/patrickmoorhead/2016/04/28/intels-new-strategy-is-the-right-one-for-the-company/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=April 26, 2016|title=Brian Krzanich: Our Strategy and The Future of Intel &#124; Intel Newsroom|url=https://newsroom.intel.com/editorials/brian-krzanich-our-strategy-and-the-future-of-intel/|access-date=June 13, 2017|website=Newsroom.intel.com|archive-date=September 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903104927/https://newsroom.intel.com/editorials/brian-krzanich-our-strategy-and-the-future-of-intel/|url-status=live}}</ref> effectively leaving the smartphone market.<ref name="MyUser_Theverge.com_June_1_2016c">{{cite web|title=Intel's new smartphone strategy is to quit|url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/5/3/11576216/intel-atom-smartphone-quit|access-date=June 1, 2016|newspaper=Theverge.com|date=May 3, 2016|archive-date=June 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604115948/http://www.theverge.com/2016/5/3/11576216/intel-atom-smartphone-quit|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="verge2">{{cite web|title=Intel knows it's no longer inside|url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/5/31/11817818/intel-computex-2016-keynote-report|access-date=June 1, 2016|newspaper=Theverge.com|date=May 31, 2016|archive-date=June 1, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601022614/http://www.theverge.com/2016/5/31/11817818/intel-computex-2016-keynote-report|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Intel custom foundry====
Finding itself with excess fab capacity after the failure of the [[Ultrabook]] to gain market traction and with PC sales declining, in 2013 Intel reached a [[Semiconductor fabrication plant|foundry]] agreement to produce chips for [[Altera]] using a 14&nbsp;nm process. General Manager of Intel's custom foundry division Sunit Rikhi indicated that Intel would pursue further such deals in the future.<ref>{{cite web|last=Parnell|first=Brid-Aine|title=Intel throws open chip ovens to Altera – but who's next: Apple?|url=https://www.theregister.com/2013/02/26/intel_altera_chip_deal/|website=www.theregister.com|access-date=February 28, 2021|archive-date=August 5, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805002056/https://www.theregister.com/2013/02/26/intel_altera_chip_deal/|url-status=live}}</ref> This was after poor sales of [[Windows 8]] hardware caused a major retrenchment for most of the major semiconductor manufacturers, except for Qualcomm, which continued to see healthy purchases from its largest customer, Apple.<ref>{{cite web|last=Kunert|first=Paul|title=Intel and pals shrink their semis by $600m as demand droops|url=https://www.theregister.com/2013/03/18/chip_maker_cut_inventory/|website=www.theregister.com|access-date=February 28, 2021|archive-date=August 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808103807/https://www.theregister.com/2013/03/18/chip_maker_cut_inventory/|url-status=live}}</ref>

As of July 2013, five companies were using Intel's fabs via the ''Intel Custom Foundry'' division: [[Achronix]], [[Tabula (company)|Tabula]], [[Netronome]], [[Microsemi]], and [[Panasonic]]{{snd}}most are [[field-programmable gate array]] (FPGA) makers, but Netronome designs network processors. Only Achronix began shipping chips made by Intel using the 22&nbsp;nm Tri-Gate process.<ref>[http://www.oregonlive.com/silicon-forest/index.ssf/2013/07/intel_dabbles_in_contract_manu.html "Intel dabbles in contract manufacturing, weighing tradeoffs"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629122730/http://www.oregonlive.com/silicon-forest/index.ssf/2013/07/intel_dabbles_in_contract_manu.html |date=June 29, 2017 }}, ''[[The Oregonian]]'', July 27, 2013.</ref><ref>[http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1280814 "Intel to make 22-nm chips for Microsemi"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928102843/http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1280814 |date=September 28, 2013 }}, ''[[EETimes]]'', February 5, 2013: "Microsemi...becomes Intel's fifth publicly disclosed foundry customer, joining network processor provider Netronome and FPGA vendors Altera, Achronix and Tabula."</ref> Several other customers also exist but were not announced at the time.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Clark |first=Don |date=2013-05-01 |title=Microsemi Emerges As Another Intel Manufacturing Customer |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/BL-DGB-26802 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709234818/https://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2013/05/01/microsemi-emerges-as-another-intel-manufacturing-customer/ |archive-date=July 9, 2017 |access-date=2025-05-20 |work=Wall Street Journal |language=en-US |issn=0099-9660}}</ref>

The foundry business was closed in 2018 due to Intel's issues with its manufacturing.<ref>{{cite web|last=Riemenschneider|first=Frank|title=Four years after the announcement: Intel apparently closes down foundry business|url=https://www.elektroniknet.de/international/intel-apparently-closes-down-foundry-business.161048.html|access-date=April 8, 2021|website=Elektroniknet|language=de|archive-date=June 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210616201735/https://www.elektroniknet.de/international/intel-apparently-closes-down-foundry-business.161048.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web|last=Cutress|first=Dr Ian|title=Intel's New IDM 2.0 Strategy: $20b for Two Fabs, Meteor Lake 7nm Tiles, New Foundry Services, IBM Collaboration, Return of IDF|url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/16573/intels-new-strategy-20b-for-two-fabs-meteor-lake-7nm-tiles-new-foundry-services-ibm-collaboration-return-of-idf|access-date=April 8, 2021|website=www.anandtech.com|archive-date=April 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415134711/https://www.anandtech.com/show/16573/intels-new-strategy-20b-for-two-fabs-meteor-lake-7nm-tiles-new-foundry-services-ibm-collaboration-return-of-idf|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Security and manufacturing challenges (2016–2021)===
Intel continued its [[Tick–tock model|tick-tock]] model of a microarchitecture change followed by a die shrink until the 6th-generation Core family based on the [[Skylake (microarchitecture)|Skylake]] microarchitecture. This model was deprecated in 2016, with the release of the 7th-generation Core family (codenamed [[Kaby Lake]]), ushering in the [[process–architecture–optimization model]]. As Intel struggled to shrink their process node from [[14 nm process|14 nm]] to [[10 nm process|10 nm]], processor development slowed down and the company continued to use the Skylake microarchitecture until 2020, albeit with optimizations.<ref name=":4" />

====10 nm process node issues====
While Intel originally planned to introduce 10&nbsp;nm products in 2016, it later became apparent that there were manufacturing issues with the node.<ref>{{cite web|last=Cutress|first=Ian|title=Intel's 10nm Cannon Lake and Core i3-8121U Deep Dive Review|url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/13405/intel-10nm-cannon-lake-and-core-i3-8121u-deep-dive-review|access-date=April 7, 2021|website=www.anandtech.com|archive-date=January 29, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129182035/https://www.anandtech.com/show/13405/intel-10nm-cannon-lake-and-core-i3-8121u-deep-dive-review|url-status=live}}</ref> The first microprocessor under that node, [[Cannon Lake (microarchitecture)|Cannon Lake]] (marketed as 8th-generation Core), was released in small quantities in 2018.<ref name="Cutress">{{cite news|last=Cutress|first=Ian|title=Intel Mentions 10nm, Briefly|url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/12271/intel-mentions-10nm-briefly|access-date=January 10, 2018|archive-date=January 10, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180110014405/https://www.anandtech.com/show/12271/intel-mentions-10nm-briefly|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Intel discontinues Cannon Lake NUC">{{cite news|title=Intel discontinues Cannon Lake NUC|language=en|work=Tom's Hardware|url=https://www.tomshardware.com/news/intel-fires-10nm-cannon-lake-nuc-into-oblivion|access-date=November 11, 2019|archive-date=February 8, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240208100501/https://www.tomshardware.com/news/intel-fires-10nm-cannon-lake-nuc-into-oblivion|url-status=live}}</ref> The company first delayed the mass production of their 10&nbsp;nm products to 2017.<ref>{{cite web|last=Bright|first=Peter|date=July 15, 2015|title=Intel confirms tick-tock-shattering Kaby Lake processor as Moore's Law falters|url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2015/07/intel-confirms-tick-tock-shattering-kaby-lake-processor-as-moores-law-falters/|access-date=July 27, 2016|publisher=Ars Technica|archive-date=July 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150716010013/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2015/07/intel-confirms-tick-tock-shattering-kaby-lake-processor-as-moores-law-falters/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Shilov|first=Anton|title=Intel Delays Mass Production of 10 nm CPUs to 2019|url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/12693/intel-delays-mass-production-of-10-nm-cpus-to-2019|access-date=April 7, 2021|website=www.anandtech.com|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126035733/https://www.anandtech.com/show/12693/intel-delays-mass-production-of-10-nm-cpus-to-2019|url-status=live}}</ref> They later delayed mass production to 2018,<ref>{{cite web|last=Eassa|first=Ashraf|date=April 29, 2018|title=Intel Corp. Delays 10nm Chip Production|url=https://www.fool.com/investing/2018/04/29/intel-corp-delays-10nm-chip-production.aspx|access-date=April 7, 2021|website=The Motley Fool|language=en|archive-date=March 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210326185419/https://www.fool.com/investing/2018/04/29/intel-corp-delays-10nm-chip-production.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> and then to 2019. Despite rumors of the process being cancelled,<ref>{{cite web|date=October 22, 2018|title=Intel kills off the 10nm process|url=https://www.semiaccurate.com/2018/10/22/intel-kills-off-the-10nm-process/|access-date=September 6, 2024|website=SemiAccurate|language=en-US}}</ref> Intel finally introduced mass-produced 10&nbsp;nm 10th-generation Intel Core mobile processors (codenamed "[[Ice Lake (microprocessor)|Ice Lake]]") in September 2019.<ref>{{cite web|date=January 21, 2016|title=Intel teases its Ice Lake & Tiger Lake family, 10nm for 2018 and 2019|url=http://www.tweaktown.com/news/49816/intel-teases-ice-lake-tiger-family-10nm-2018-2019/index.html|access-date=June 3, 2016|website=Tweaktown.com|archive-date=August 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801203326/https://www.tweaktown.com/news/49816/intel-teases-ice-lake-tiger-family-10nm-2018-2019/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Intel later acknowledged that their strategy to shrink to 10&nbsp;nm was too aggressive.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{cite web|last=Oregonian/OregonLive|first=Mike Rogoway {{!}} The|date=May 3, 2018|title=Intel hits a wall on Moore's Law|url=https://www.oregonlive.com/silicon-forest/2018/05/intel_hits_a_wall_on_moores_la.html|access-date=April 7, 2021|website=oregonlive|language=en|archive-date=June 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614025303/https://www.oregonlive.com/silicon-forest/2018/05/intel_hits_a_wall_on_moores_la.html|url-status=live}}</ref> While other foundries used up to four steps in 10&nbsp;nm or 7&nbsp;nm processes, the company's 10&nbsp;nm process required up to five or six multi-pattern steps.<ref>{{cite web|last=Jenkins|first=Chris|date=May 7, 2018|title=Intel Foundries Continue to Face Issues and Another Spectre-Like Vulnerability Disclosure May Be Looming|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2018/05/07/intel-foundry-and-vulnerability-issues/|access-date=April 6, 2021|website=[[MacRumors]]|archive-date=April 23, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423002711/https://www.macrumors.com/2018/05/07/intel-foundry-and-vulnerability-issues/|url-status=live}}</ref> In addition, Intel's 10&nbsp;nm process is denser than its counterpart processes from other foundries.<ref>{{cite web|date=March 12, 2018|title=Life at 10nm. (Or is it 7nm?) And 3nm – Views on Advanced Silicon Platforms|url=https://www.eejournal.com/article/life-at-10nm-or-is-it-7nm-and-3nm/|website=eejournal.com|access-date=April 8, 2021|archive-date=July 9, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709064439/https://www.eejournal.com/article/life-at-10nm-or-is-it-7nm-and-3nm/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Intel 10nm density is 2.7X improved over its 14nm node|language=en-GB|work=HEXUS|url=https://hexus.net/tech/news/cpu/119699-intel-10nm-density-27x-improved-14nm-node/|access-date=November 14, 2018|archive-date=August 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815155834/https://hexus.net/tech/news/cpu/119699-intel-10nm-density-27x-improved-14nm-node/|url-status=live}}</ref> Since Intel's microarchitecture and process node development were coupled, processor development stagnated.<ref name=":4" />

====Security flaws====
{{Excerpt|Speculative execution CPU vulnerabilities}} In early January 2018, it was reported that all [[Intel CPUs|Intel processors]] made since 1995<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2018-01-04/intel-chip-flaw-a-security-threat/9303280|title=Processor vulnerabilities could leave most computers open to hackers|first=Ariel|last=Bogle|newspaper=ABC News|date=January 4, 2018|access-date=January 4, 2018|archive-date=January 5, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105012827/http://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2018-01-04/intel-chip-flaw-a-security-threat/9303280|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="telegraph2018flaw">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2018/01/03/fix-critical-intel-chip-flaw-will-slow-millions-computers/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2018/01/03/fix-critical-intel-chip-flaw-will-slow-millions-computers/ |archive-date=January 10, 2022 |url-status=live|url-access=subscription |title=Fix for critical Intel chip flaw will slow down millions of computers|website=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]|first=Margi|last=Murphy|date=January 3, 2018|publisher=[[Telegraph Media Group]]|access-date=January 3, 2017}}{{cbignore}}</ref> (besides [[Intel Itanium]] and pre-2013 [[Intel Atom]]) had been subject to two security flaws dubbed [[Meltdown (security vulnerability)|Meltdown]] and Spectre.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2018/01/03/kernel-panic-what-are-meltdown-and-spectre-the-bugs-affecting-nearly-every-computer-and-device/|title=Kernel panic! What are Meltdown and Spectre, the bugs affecting nearly every computer and device?|first=Devin|last=Coldewey|date=January 4, 2018|access-date=January 4, 2018|archive-date=January 4, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104022457/https://techcrunch.com/2018/01/03/kernel-panic-what-are-meltdown-and-spectre-the-bugs-affecting-nearly-every-computer-and-device/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="wiredflaw">{{cite journal|url=https://www.wired.com/story/critical-intel-flaw-breaks-basic-security-for-most-computers/|title=A Critical Intel Flaw Breaks Basic Security for Most Computers|journal=[[Wired (website)|Wired]]|access-date=January 4, 2018|last1=Greenberg|first1=Andy|archive-date=January 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103204011/https://www.wired.com/story/critical-intel-flaw-breaks-basic-security-for-most-computers/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Renewed competition and other developments (2018–present)===
Due to Intel's issues with its 10&nbsp;nm process node and the company's slow processor development,<ref name=":4" /> the company now found itself in a market with intense competition.<ref>{{cite web|last=Jennewine|first=Trevor|date=January 15, 2021|title=Why Intel's Competitive Edge Is Crumbling|url=https://www.fool.com/investing/2021/01/15/why-intels-competitive-edge-is-crumbling/|access-date=April 9, 2021|website=The Motley Fool|language=en|archive-date=April 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416001829/https://www.fool.com/investing/2021/01/15/why-intels-competitive-edge-is-crumbling/|url-status=live}}</ref> The company's main competitor, AMD, introduced the [[Zen (microarchitecture)|Zen]] microarchitecture and a new [[chiplet]]-based design to critical acclaim. Since its introduction, AMD, once unable to compete with Intel in the high-end CPU market, has undergone a resurgence,<ref>{{cite web|last=Morgan|first=Timothy Prickett|date=June 20, 2017|title=Competition returns to x86 servers in epyc fashion|url=https://www.nextplatform.com/2017/06/20/competition-returns-x86-servers-epyc-fashion/|access-date=May 9, 2021|archive-date=May 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509203701/https://www.nextplatform.com/2017/06/20/competition-returns-x86-servers-epyc-fashion/|url-status=live}}</ref> and Intel's dominance and market share have considerably decreased.<ref>{{cite web|last=Thompson|first=Ben|date=January 19, 2021|title=Intel Problems|url=https://stratechery.com/2021/intel-problems/|access-date=April 8, 2021|website=Stratechery by Ben Thompson|language=en-US|archive-date=April 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210407090137/https://stratechery.com/2021/intel-problems/|url-status=live}}</ref> In addition, Apple began to transition away from the x86 architecture and Intel processors to their own [[Apple silicon]] for their Macintosh computers in 2020. The transition is expected to affect Intel minimally; however, it might prompt other PC manufacturers to reevaluate their reliance on Intel and the x86 architecture.<ref name="Bloomberg1">{{cite news|last1=Gurman|first1=Mark|date=June 9, 2020|title=In a first, Apple plans to shift to its own processors to power new Mac computers|work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]|agency=[[Bloomberg News|Bloomberg]]|url=https://fortune.com/2020/06/09/in-a-first-apple-plans-to-shift-to-its-own-processors-to-power-new-mac-computers/|access-date=June 22, 2020|archive-date=December 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207034336/https://fortune.com/2020/06/09/in-a-first-apple-plans-to-shift-to-its-own-processors-to-power-new-mac-computers/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Jean-Louis Gassée, 2020.06.21">{{cite news|last1=Gassée|first1=Jean-Louis|date=June 21, 2020|title=ARM Mac Impact On Intel|publisher=Monday Note|url=https://mondaynote.com/arm-mac-impact-on-intel-9641a8e73dca|access-date=June 23, 2020|archive-date=June 22, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622054518/https://mondaynote.com/arm-mac-impact-on-intel-9641a8e73dca|url-status=live}}</ref>

===='IDM 2.0' strategy====
On March 23, 2021, CEO Pat Gelsinger laid out new plans for the company.<ref>{{cite web|last=Thompson|first=Ben|date=March 24, 2021|title=Intel Unleashed, Gelsinger on Intel, IDM 2.0|url=https://stratechery.com/2021/intel-unleashed-gelsinger-on-intel-idm-2-0/|access-date=April 8, 2021|website=Stratechery by Ben Thompson|language=en-US|archive-date=April 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210407235436/https://stratechery.com/2021/intel-unleashed-gelsinger-on-intel-idm-2-0/|url-status=live}}</ref> These include a new strategy, called IDM 2.0, that includes investments in manufacturing facilities, use of both internal and external foundries, and a new foundry business called Intel Foundry Services (IFS), a standalone business unit.<ref>{{cite news|title=Intel Unleashed: New Fabs, Tick-Tock Returns, Biggest Overhaul in Decades – ExtremeTech|url=https://www.extremetech.com/computing/321162-intel-unleashed-new-fabs-tick-tock-returns-biggest-overhaul-in-decades|access-date=April 8, 2021|newspaper=Extremetech|date=March 24, 2021|last1=Hruska|first1=Joel|archive-date=March 31, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210331135144/https://www.extremetech.com/computing/321162-intel-unleashed-new-fabs-tick-tock-returns-biggest-overhaul-in-decades|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Manners|first=David|date=March 24, 2021|title=Intel Unleashed|url=https://www.electronicsweekly.com/news/business/intel-unleashed-2021-03/|access-date=April 8, 2021|website=Electronics Weekly|language=en|archive-date=March 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210326112128/https://www.electronicsweekly.com/news/business/intel-unleashed-2021-03/|url-status=live}}</ref> Unlike Intel Custom Foundry, IFS will offer a combination of packaging and process technology, and Intel's IP portfolio including x86 cores. Other plans for the company include a partnership with [[IBM]] and a new event for developers and engineers, called "Intel ON".<ref name=":1" /> Gelsinger also confirmed that Intel's 7&nbsp;nm process is on track, and that the first products using their 7&nbsp;nm process (also known as Intel 4) are [[Intel Xe#Ponte Vecchio|Ponte Vecchio]] and [[Meteor Lake]].<ref name=":1" />

In January 2022, Intel reportedly selected [[New Albany, Ohio]], near [[Columbus, Ohio]], as the site for a major new manufacturing facility.<ref>{{cite web|last=Williams|first=Mark|title=Intel picks Greater Columbus for $20 billion semiconductor factory to employ 3,000 workers|url=https://www.dispatch.com/story/business/2022/01/14/factory-built-land-annexed-into-new-albany/6524507001/|date=January 14, 2022|website=The Columbus Dispatch|language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115003031/https://www.dispatch.com/story/business/2022/01/14/factory-built-land-annexed-into-new-albany/6524507001/ |archive-date=January 15, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> The facility will cost at least $20 billion.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Clark |first1=Don |title=Intel to Invest at Least $20 Billion in New Chip Factories in Ohio |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/21/technology/intel-chip-factories-ohio.html |access-date=January 21, 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=January 21, 2022 |archive-date=January 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121211418/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/21/technology/intel-chip-factories-ohio.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The company expects the facility to begin producing chips by 2025.<ref>{{cite news |last1=King |first1=Ian |title=Intel's $20 Billion Ohio Chip Hub Will Be World's Largest |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-01-21/intel-plans-to-spend-20-billion-on-ohio-chipmaking-hub?sref=CIpmV6x8 |access-date=January 21, 2022 |work=www.bloomberg.com |date=January 20, 2022 |archive-date=January 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121211636/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-01-21/intel-plans-to-spend-20-billion-on-ohio-chipmaking-hub?sref=CIpmV6x8 |url-status=live }}</ref> The same year Intel also choose [[Magdeburg]], [[Germany]], as a site for two new chip mega factories for €17 billion (topping [[Tesla, Inc.|Tesla]]'s [[Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg|investment]] in [[Brandenburg]]). The start of the construction was initially planned for 2023, but this has been postponed to late 2024, while the production start is scheduled for 2027.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Intel: Baubeginn in Magdeburg Ende 2024 |url=https://www.mdr.de/nachrichten/sachsen-anhalt/magdeburg/magdeburg/intel-chipfabrik-spatenstich-ende-zwanzig-vierundzwanzig-102.html |access-date=February 6, 2024 |website=www.mdr.de |language=de |archive-date=February 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240206014656/https://www.mdr.de/nachrichten/sachsen-anhalt/magdeburg/magdeburg/intel-chipfabrik-spatenstich-ende-zwanzig-vierundzwanzig-102.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Including subcontractors, this would create 10,000 new jobs.<ref>[https://www.rnd.de/politik/magdeburg-intel-will-zwei-ultramoderne-chipfabriken-bauen-lassen-JSVE6LOOWNAJJGXOTVOXLEKX74.html Ausgerechnet Magdeburg: Wie Intel eine ganze Region verändern wird] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702120723/https://www.rnd.de/politik/magdeburg-intel-will-zwei-ultramoderne-chipfabriken-bauen-lassen-JSVE6LOOWNAJJGXOTVOXLEKX74.html |date=July 2, 2022 }} on [[RedaktionsNetzwerk Deutschland]]</ref>

In August 2022, Intel signed a $30{{nbsp}}billion partnership with [[Brookfield Asset Management]] to fund its recent factory expansions. As part of the deal, Intel would have a controlling stake by funding 51% of the cost of building new chip-making facilities in Chandler. Brookfield owns the remaining 49% stake, allowing the companies to split the revenue from those facilities.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/intel-inks-30-billion-funding-partnership-with-brookfield-to-finance-chip-factory-expansion-11661254261|title=Intel Signs $30 Billion Funding Partnership With Brookfield to Finance Chip-Factory Expansion |date=August 23, 2022 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |first=Asa |last=Fitch |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824052759/https://www.wsj.com/articles/intel-inks-30-billion-funding-partnership-with-brookfield-to-finance-chip-factory-expansion-11661254261 |archive-date=August 24, 2022 |url-status=live|access-date=August 24, 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ft.com/content/0a9a5439-391f-4689-bd5a-775c21dea026 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/0a9a5439-391f-4689-bd5a-775c21dea026 |archive-date=December 10, 2022 |url-status=live |title=Intel seals $30bn partnership with Brookfield to fund chip factories |date=August 23, 2022 |work=[[Financial Times]] |url-access=limited |first1=Antoine |last1=Gara |first2=Anna |last2=Gross}}</ref>

On January 31, 2023, as part of $3 billion in cost reductions, Intel announced pay cuts affecting employees above midlevel, ranging from 5% upwards. It also suspended bonuses and merit pay increases, reducing retirement plan matching. These cost reductions followed layoffs announced in the fall of 2022.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rogoway |first1=Mike |title=Intel slashes wages, bonuses after disastrous quarterly results |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/silicon-forest/2023/02/intel-slashes-wages-bonuses-after-disastrous-quarterly-results.html |access-date=February 1, 2023 |work=The Oregonian |date=January 31, 2023 |archive-date=February 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201044107/https://www.oregonlive.com/silicon-forest/2023/02/intel-slashes-wages-bonuses-after-disastrous-quarterly-results.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In October 2023, Intel confirmed it would be the first commercial user of [[Extreme ultraviolet lithography|high-NA EUV lithography]] tool, as part of its plan to regain process leadership from [[TSMC]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Intel Corporation |title=Intel Reports Third-Quarter 2023 Financial Results |url=https://d1io3yog0oux5.cloudfront.net/_68614b7f1d0de99bd7f726f92c573cc8/intel/db/887/8973/earnings_release/Q3+23+EarningsRelease.pdf |access-date=November 19, 2023 |archive-date=November 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119214806/https://d1io3yog0oux5.cloudfront.net/_68614b7f1d0de99bd7f726f92c573cc8/intel/db/887/8973/earnings_release/Q3+23+EarningsRelease.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

In December 2023, Intel unveiled Gaudi3, an [[artificial intelligence]] (AI) chip for [[generative AI]] software which will launch in 2024{{Update inline|date=January 2025}} and compete with rival chips from Nvidia and AMD.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Leswing |first=Kif |date=December 14, 2023 |title=Intel unveils new AI chip to compete with Nvidia and AMD |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/12/14/intel-unveils-gaudi3-ai-chip-to-compete-with-nvidia-and-amd.html |access-date=December 15, 2023 |website=CNBC |archive-date=December 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215060332/https://www.cnbc.com/2023/12/14/intel-unveils-gaudi3-ai-chip-to-compete-with-nvidia-and-amd.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On June 4, 2024, Intel announced AI chips for data centers, the Xeon 6 processor, aiming for better performance and power efficiency compared to its predecessor. Intel's Gaudi 2 and Gaudi 3 [[AI accelerator|AI accelerators]] were revealed to be more cost-effective than competitors' offerings. Additionally, Intel disclosed architecture details for its [[Lunar Lake]] processors for AI PCs,<ref>{{cite news|title=Intel unveils new AI chips as it seeks to reclaim market share from Nvidia and AMD |date=June 4, 2024 |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2024/06/04/intel-unveils-new-ai-chips-as-it-seeks-to-take-on-nvidia-and-amd.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604122852/https://www.cnbc.com/2024/06/04/intel-unveils-new-ai-chips-as-it-seeks-to-take-on-nvidia-and-amd.html |archive-date=June 4, 2024 |access-date=June 4, 2024}}</ref> which were released on September 24, 2024. 

In August 2024, after posting $1.6 billion in losses for Q2, Intel announced that it intends to cut 15,000 jobs to save $10 billion in 2025.<ref>{{cite news |last1=King |first1=Ian |title=Intel Shares Fall by Most Since at Least 1982 on Grim Forecast |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-08-01/intel-says-revenue-will-fall-short-of-expectations-cuts-jobs |access-date=August 3, 2024 |work=Bloomberg |date=August 1, 2024}}</ref> In order to reach this goal, the company will offer early retirement and voluntary departure options.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ortutay |first=Barbara |date=August 1, 2024 |title=Chipmaker Intel to cut 15,000 jobs as tries to revive its business and compete with rivals |url=https://apnews.com/article/intel-chip-ai-job-cuts-layoffs-loss-e61781e9364b69af63481c34ca5dcd67 |access-date=August 2, 2024 |website=AP News}}</ref>

On November 1, 2024, it was announced that Intel will drop out of the [[Dow Jones Industrial Average]] on November 8 prior to the stock market open, with [[Nvidia]] taking its place.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/nvidia-replace-intel-dow-jones-industrial-average-2024-11-01 |title=Nvidia to take Intel's spot on Dow Jones Industrial Average |first=Arsheeya |last=Bajwa |work=Reuters |date=November 1, 2024 |access-date=January 13, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2024/11/01/nvidia-to-join-dow-jones-industrial-average-replacing-intel.html |title=Nvidia to join Dow Jones Industrial Average, replacing rival chipmaker Intel |work=CNBC |last=Leswing |first=Kif |date=November 1, 2024 |access-date=January 13, 2025}}</ref>

In December 2024, Intel's CEO Pat Gelsinger was ousted amid ongoing struggles to revitalize the company, which has seen a significant decline in stock value during his tenure. Gelsinger's resignation, effective December 1, followed a board meeting where directors expressed dissatisfaction with the slow progress of his ambitious turnaround strategy. Despite efforts to enhance Intel's manufacturing capabilities and compete with rivals like AMD and Nvidia, the company faced mounting challenges, including a $16.6 billion loss and a 60% drop in share prices since Gelsinger's appointment in 2021. After his departure, Intel appointed David Zinsner and Michelle Johnston Holthaus interim co-CEOs while searching for a permanent successor. Gelsinger's exit underscored the turmoil at Intel as it grappled with its identity crisis and sought to regain its semiconductor industry position.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maruf |first=Ramishah |date=December 3, 2024 |title=Ousted Intel CEO Pat Gelsinger is leaving the company with millions {{!}} CNN Business |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/12/03/business/intel-ceo-gelsinger-ten-million-dollars/index.html |access-date=December 5, 2024 |website=CNN }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=December 2, 2024 |title=Intel CEO Forced Out by Board Frustrated With Slow Progress |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-12-02/intel-ceo-pat-gelsinger-retires-amid-chipmaker-s-turnaround-plan |access-date=December 5, 2024 |work=Bloomberg}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Intel Announces Retirement of CEO Pat Gelsinger |date=December 2, 2024 |url=https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/newsroom/news/intel-ceo-news-dec-2024.html#gs.iedq3k |access-date=December 5, 2024 |publisher=Intel}}</ref> 

On March 13, 2025, Intel announced the appointment of [[Lip-Bu Tan]] as their new CEO, effective March 18, after 4 months of having interim co-CEOs.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-12 |title=Intel hires former board member as new CEO in struggling chipmaker's latest comeback attempt |url=https://apnews.com/article/intel-new-ceo-lipbu-tan-chips-efcf8ab220b5927783924dd316cb4575 |access-date=2025-03-13 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref>