Editing Interaction design (section)

== History ==
The term ''interaction design'' was coined by [[Bill Moggridge]] and [[Bill Verplank]] in the mid-1980s,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/ws-soa-busmodeling/index.html|title=Integrate business modeling and interaction design|website=[[IBM]] |date=8 June 2007|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080212063437/http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/ws-soa-busmodeling/index.html|archive-date=12 February 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Moggridge |first=Bill |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/86070696 |title=Designing interactions |date=2007 |publisher=MIT Press |isbn=978-0-262-28006-8 |location=Cambridge, Mass. |pages=14 |oclc=86070696 |quote=I gave my first conference presentation on the subject in 1984, and at that time I described it as “Soft-face”, thinking of a combination between software and user-interface design [...] we went on thinking of possible names until I eventually settled on “interaction design” with the help of Bill Verplank.}}</ref> but it took 10 years before the concept started to take hold.<ref name="AboutFace3" />{{rp|xxviii|pages=31}} To Verplank, it was an adaptation of the computer science term ''user interface design'' for the [[industrial design]] profession.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billverplank.com/professional.html|title=Bill Verplank - Professional|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080123153501/http://www.billverplank.com/professional.html|archive-date=23 January 2008}}</ref> To Moggridge, it was an improvement over ''soft-face'', which he had coined in 1984 to refer to the application of industrial design to products containing software.<ref name="DesigningInteractions">*{{cite book
|last=Moggridge
|first=Bill
|author-link=Bill Moggridge
|title=Designing Interactions
|publisher=[[MIT Press]]
|year=2007
|isbn=978-0-262-13474-3
|url=https://archive.org/details/designinginterac00mogg
}}</ref><!--Moggridge's book, ''Designing Interactions'' explores a number of prominent examples of interaction design (e.g., the [[input device]], laptop, handheld) and includes interviews with some of its best-known practitioners.-->

The earliest programs in design for interactive technologies were the Visible Language Workshop, started by [[Muriel Cooper]] at MIT in 1975, and the [[Interactive Telecommunications Program]] founded at NYU in 1979 by Martin Elton and later headed by Red Burns.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/27/nyregion/red-burns-godmother-of-silicon-alley-dies-at-88.html|title=Red Burns, 'Godmother of Silicon Alley,' Dies at 88|last=Martin|first=Douglas|date=2013-08-26|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2016-08-01|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524195449/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/27/nyregion/red-burns-godmother-of-silicon-alley-dies-at-88.html|archive-date=24 May 2016}}</ref>

The first academic program officially named "Interaction Design" was established at [[Carnegie Mellon University]] in 1994, as a Master of Design in Interaction Design.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.design.cmu.edu/show_program.php?s%3D2%26t%3D3 |title=Interaction Design > School of Design > Carnegie Mellon University |access-date=2012-12-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121130142448/http://www.design.cmu.edu/show_program.php?s=2&t=3 |archive-date=30 November 2012}}</ref> At the outset, the program focused mainly on screen interfaces, before shifting to a greater emphasis on the "big picture" aspects of interaction—people, organizations, culture, service and system.

In 1990, [[Gillian Crampton Smith]] founded the Computer-Related Design MA at the [[Royal College of Art]] (RCA) in London, which in 2005 was renamed Design Interactions,<ref>[http://www.interaction.rca.ac.uk RCA Design Interactions Website] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100710032805/http://www.interaction.rca.ac.uk/ |date=10 July 2010 }}</ref> headed by Anthony Dunne.<ref>[http://www.design-interactions.rca.ac.uk/anthony-dunne RCA Design Interactions About Students Staff & Guests Research Graduating Projects] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131205163817/http://www.design-interactions.rca.ac.uk/anthony-dunne |date=5 December 2013 }}</ref> In 2001, Crampton Smith helped found the [[Interaction Design Institute Ivrea]] (IDII), a specialized institute in [[Olivetti|Olivetti's]] hometown in Northern Italy, dedicated solely to interaction design. In 2007, after IDII closed due to a lack of funding, some of the people originally involved with IDII set up the [[Copenhagen Institute of Interaction Design]] (CIID), in Denmark. After Ivrea, Crampton Smith and Philip Tabor added the Interaction Design (IxD) track in the Visual and Multimedia Communication at the [[Ca' Foscari University of Venice|University of Venice]], Italy.

In 1998, the [[Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research]] founded [[The Interactive Institute]]—a Swedish research institute in the field of interaction design.