Editing Interbay, Seattle (section)

==History==
[[Image:GLO map of Interbay and Magnolia claims - 1863.jpg|thumb|This 1863 [[Government Land Office]] map of Interbay (and much of Magnolia) shows the claim by H. A. Smith extending south from Salmon Bay; immediately south of that, extending to Smith Cove, is the claim of [[Erasmus M. Smithers]]. The map also shows the natural shape of the land before the dredging of a canal to the northeast and the filling of much of the cove to the south.]]
It appears that the valley between Magnolia and Queen Anne was carved out during the [[Vashon Stade]] of the [[Fraser glaciation]] (roughly 14,000–17,000 years ago),<ref name="BOLA-6"/> A thin layer of [[sand]] throughout the area may date from a [[tsunami]] following an [[earthquake]] along the [[Seattle Fault Zone]] about 1,000 years ago.<ref name=BOLA-7>BOLA Architecture et al., p. 7.</ref>

Although Interbay fell within the traditional geographic range of the [[Duwamish people|Duwamish]],<ref name=BOLA-9>BOLA Architecture et al., p. 9.</ref> early ethnographers did not record contact-era or earlier Native American villages in the area. Nonetheless, [[University of Washington]] ethnologist T. T. Waterman lists several native place names at or near Smith Cove and Salmon Bay.<ref name=Bola-10>BOLA Architecture et al., p. 10.</ref>

The [[Denny Party]] saw Interbay's development potential when they explored the area in 1852, but chose to settle farther south. Their settlement became the core of Seattle. Meanwhile, most of Interbay came to be owned by [[Erasmus M. Smithers]] (1830–1905), later the founder of [[Renton, Washington|Renton]], and [[Ohio]]-born physician and poet [[Henry A. Smith]] (1830–1915), after whom Smith's Cove is now named. Smith and his wife, mother, and sister began with a [[Donation Land Claim Act|claim]] on [[Salmon Bay]] near the present-day [[Ballard, Seattle|Ballard]], and steadily acquired more land, extending their holdings south through Interbay to Smith Cove. In particular, the Smiths bought when so many other were selling during the 1855–56 Indian War (''see [[Battle of Seattle (1856)|Battle of Seattle]]'').<ref name=BOLA-11>BOLA Architecture et al., p. 11.</ref>

Smith established a settlement known as Boulevard roughly halfway between Smith Cove and Salmon Bay, along a street he called Grand Boulevard (present-day West Dravus Street). He farmed, practiced medicine, and wrote. His most famous piece of writing, published in the 1880s, purported to be an English-language rendering of [[Chief Seattle]]'s [[Chief Seattle#The Speech controversy|speech]] on the occasion of an 1854 treaty conference; there is question about the authenticity of the translation.<ref name=BOLA-11 />

In 1884 the [[Seattle, Lake Shore and Eastern Railway]] (SLSER) purchased all but {{convert|50|acre|ha}} of Smith's {{convert|9600|acre|ha}} in Interbay and built a north–south rail line through the area. The train stopped on Grand Boulevard near Gilman and Thorndyke Avenues, spurring further commercial development and the rise of a blue-collar village. In 1891, Seattle annexed Magnolia and Interbay, including Boulevard. By 1894, the post office name had been changed from "Boulevard" to "Interbay", the name that has continued to this day.<ref name=BOLA-11 />

The railway route through Interbay eventually came under the control of [[James J. Hill]] and the [[Great Northern Railway (U.S.)|Great Northern Railway]], as did much of at Smith Cove. Hill established a major depot and port at the cove, including Piers 38 and 39 (later renumbered 88 and 89)(now demolished), which were located east of present-day Piers 90 and 91. In 1896 [[Nippon Yusen Kaisha]] established the first regular steamship service between [[Asia]] and the Pacific Coast of North America, with Smith Cove as its American port.<ref name=BOLA-11 />

During the 1911–1916 construction of the [[Lake Washington Ship Canal]] along Salmon Bay, about {{convert|150|acre|ha}} of Smith Cove tidelands were filled with material from the dredging.<ref name=BOLA-12>BOLA Architecture et al., p. 12.</ref> The then (1911) new [[Port of Seattle]] built [[Fishermen's Terminal]] on Salmon Bay at the north end of Interbay and bought the Great Northern docks and approximately {{convert|20|acre|ha}} at Smith's Cove, where they developed two new coal and lumber piers, today's Piers 90 and 91. These developments at either end of Interbay led to the increasing industrialization of the area.<ref name=BOLA-12 /><ref name=BOLA-14>BOLA Architecture et al., p. 14.</ref>

This maritime trade spurred the rise of companies in Interbay including rope factory Portland Cordage, Rudd Paint Manufacturing, Berquist's Vinegar Works, and the Chicago Junk Company (later Tsubota Steel and Pipe Company).<ref name=BOLA-12 /> [[Finns]], [[Polish people|Poles]], [[Russians]], [[Germans]], [[Austrians]], and [[Scottish people|Scots]] figured prominently among those who settled and worked in the neighborhood.<ref name=BOLA-13>BOLA Architecture et al., p. 13.</ref>

The Asian trade out of Smith Cove continued until 1934, when [[Smith Cove (Washington)#The Maritime Strike of 1934|the violence there]] accompanying the [[1934 West Coast waterfront strike|Maritime Strike of 1934]] led to a diversion of this trade to the [[Port of Los Angeles]].<ref name=BOLA-12 />

During the [[Great Depression]], Interbay was the site of one of Seattle's [[Hooverville]]s.<ref>[http://clerk.ci.seattle.wa.us/~public/doclibrary/Hoover/Hoovlist.shtml Hoovervilles in Seattle &mdash; Document List] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20070810091245/http://clerk.ci.seattle.wa.us/~public/doclibrary/Hoover/Hoovlist.shtml |date=2007-08-10 }}, Digital Document Library, Seattle Municipal Archives (Seattle City Clerk's office), especially the "Request for removal of Interbay shacks" (April 24, 1937) and "Protest against Hooverville evictions" (October 10, 1938). Accessed online 28 July 2008.</ref>

From 1941 into the early 1970s, Smith Cove served as a supply depot for the [[United States Navy]], before returning to use as a civilian port. A few buildings and warehouses can still be found on the site that trace back to that time, including Quarters A, also known as "The Admiral's House", perched on the SW corner of Magnolia and overlooking piers 90 and 91. The large white painted home is now in private ownership and used as an event space.<ref>BOLA Architecture et al., p. 14–15.</ref>

A [[Seattle Monorail Project|proposed modern monorail]] would have run along 15th Ave NW, but the initiative collapsed in 2005 after eight years of contention.  The [[RapidRide D Line|D Line]] runs along 15th Ave W, from 2012 to present.  A transit center<ref>{{cite web |title=INTERBAY TRANSIT HUB |url=https://www.activeconstruction.com/19-013 |access-date=27 January 2021}}</ref> for the new Expedia office complex was completed in 2019.  The route of the [[Link light rail#Future expansion|Link expansion to Ballard]] will pass along the Interbay corridor.<ref>{{cite web |title=West Seattle and Ballard Link Extensions |url=https://www.soundtransit.org/system-expansion/west-seattle-ballard-link-extensions |website=SoundTransit |access-date=27 January 2021}}</ref>