Editing Interface (computing) (section)

== Hardware interfaces ==
[[File:RJ-45 Ethernet socket on Lenovo T410 Laptop.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|Hardware interfaces of a [[laptop]] computer: [[Ethernet]] network socket (center), to the left a part of the [[Video Graphics Array|VGA]] port, to the right (upper) a [[display port]] socket, to the right (lower) a [[Universal Serial Bus|USB]]-A socket.]]
{{Main article|Hardware interface}}
Hardware interfaces exist in many components, such as the various [[Bus (computing)|buses]], [[Computer data storage|storage devices]], other [[I/O]] devices, etc. A hardware interface is described by the mechanical, electrical, and logical signals at the interface and the protocol for sequencing them (sometimes called signaling).<ref name="87Blaauw">
{{Citation
  | last1 = Blaauw
  | first1 = Gerritt A.
  | last2 = Brooks, Jr.
  | first2 = Frederick P.
  | title = Computer Architecture-Concepts and Evolution
  | publisher = Addison-Wesley
  | year = 1997
  | chapter = Chapter 8.6, Device Interfaces
  | pages = 489–493
  | isbn = 0-201-10557-8}}
See also:
{{Citation
  | last1 = Patterson
  | first1 = David A.
  | last2 = Hennessey
  | first2 = John L.
  | title = Computer Organization and Design - The Hardware/Software Interface, Third Edition
  | publisher = Morgan Kaufmann
  | year = 2005
  | chapter = Chapter 8.5, Interfacing I/O Devices to the Processor, Memory and Operating System
  | pages = [https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781558606043/page/588 588–596]
  | isbn = 1-55860-604-1
  | url-access = registration
  | url = https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781558606043/page/588
  }}
</ref> A standard interface, such as [[SCSI]], decouples the design and introduction of computing hardware, such as [[I/O]] devices, from the design and introduction of other components of a computing system, thereby allowing users and manufacturers great flexibility in the implementation of computing systems.<ref name="87Blaauw" /> Hardware interfaces can be [[Parallel communication|parallel]] with several electrical connections carrying parts of the data simultaneously or [[Serial communication|serial]] where data are sent one [[bit]] at a time.<ref name="GovindarajaluIBM08">{{cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hyl8SA1eHzIC&pg=PA142 |chapter=3.15 Peripheral Interfaces and Controllers - OG |title=IBM PC And Clones: Hardware, Troubleshooting And Maintenance |author=Govindarajalu, B. |publisher=Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. Ltd |pages=142–144 |year=2008 |isbn=9780070483118 |access-date=15 June 2018}}</ref>