Editing Interleaf (section)

== History ==

Interleaf was founded by David Boucher and Harry George in 1981. Boucher served as chief executive officer from 1981 until 1992; George served as chief financial officer. Earlier, both were among the founders of [[Ray Kurzweil#Mid-life|Kurzweil Computer Products]]. Significant technology came from MIT's Office Automation Group led by Michael Hammer, a member of Interleaf's board of directors; Bahram (Bern) Niamir, who had been in that group, brought many ideas from its ''Etude'' system, a pioneering WYSIWYG editor.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hammer |first=Michael |last2=Ilson |first2=Richard |last3=Anderson |first3=Timothy |last4=Gilbert |first4=Ed |last5=Good |first5=Michael |last6=Niamir |first6=Bahram |last7=Rosenstein |first7=Larry |last8=Schoichet |first8=Sandor |date=1981 |title=Etude: An Integrated Document Processing System |url=https://michaelgood.info/publications/text-editing/etude-an-integrated-document-processing-system/ |journal=Proceedings of the 1981 Office Automation Conference, American Federation of Information Processing Societies |pages=209-219}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Dionne |first=Mark |last2=Walden |first2=David |date=2020 |title=Interleaf, Inc.—1981 to 2000 |url=https://walden-family.com/interleaf/interleaf-cover-and-anecdote.pdf |journal=IEEE Annals of the History of Computing |volume=42 |issue=1 |pages=51-62}}</ref> Other early personnel came from [[NBI Incorporated|NBI, Inc.]] and [[Wang Labs]]. The company initially produced "turnkey" systems, that is, combinations of hardware and software integrated by the company.<ref name="Fitz Simon">{{cite news 
|newspaper=The Boston Globe
|date=1988-02-03
|author=Jane Fitz Simon
|title=One Company On A Roll, The Other In A Skid Interleaf, Xyvision Began 7 Years Ago; Now Their Paths Have Split 
|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-8050563.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026085919/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-8050563.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-10-26}}</ref> It initially ran on [[workstations]] from [[Sun Microsystems]] and [[Apollo Computers]], but later ported its software to workstations made by [[Digital Equipment Corporation]], [[Hewlett-Packard|HP]], [[IBM]] and [[Silicon Graphics|SGI]], and later still, to the [[Apple Macintosh II]] and the [[IBM Personal Computer]].

Interleaf sold its first products in 1984-5.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Fitz Simon" /> Inspired by the [[Xerox Star]] and [[Apple Lisa]], TPS (Technical Publishing Software) uniquely enabled authors to write their text and create technical graphics on a computer screen that showed what the page would look like when formatted and printed on a [[laser printer]]. This capability was so unusual in 1985 that the company's name referred to the "interleaving" of text and graphics. WYSIWYG editing was also new, as existing typesetting systems were text-based and relied on user [[Markup language|markup]] and batch processing to produce the end result.<ref name=":0" /> TPS was also noted for its ability to handle the sorts of long documents corporate technical publishing departments routinely created.

Interleaf had its [[initial public offering]] (IPO) in June 1986, raising $24.6 million.<ref>{{cite news 
|newspaper=The New York Times
|date=1986-10-08
|title=Electronic Publishing On Rise
|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/09/02/business/electronic-publishing-on-rise.html}}</ref>

In 1990, Interleaf moved from [[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]] to [[Waltham, Massachusetts|Waltham]], MA.<ref>{{citation
|journal=Software Magazine
|title=45: Interleaf Inc. (one of 50 articles on top 50 independent software companies)
|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-10990700.html
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026085930/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-10990700.html
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=2012-10-26
|date=1991-06-15}}</ref>

The company was bought by [[Broadvision]] in 2000, which renamed its authoring products "Quicksilver". The availability of Quicksilver 3.0 was announced in March 2007.<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_2007_March_27/ai_n18767699/ |title=BroadVision Announces the General Availability of QuickSilver 3.0 |date=March 27, 2007 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120709213443/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_2007_March_27/ai_n18767699/ |archive-date=2012-07-09 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The availability of QuickSilver 3.5 was announced in May 2010.<ref>
{{cite press release |url=http://www.i-newswire.com/broadvision-quicksilver-3-5-is/37293 |title=BroadVision QuickSilver 3.5 is Now Available with Enhanced Usability Features and access to Social Collaboration Services |date=May 17, 2010}}</ref> QuickSilver 3.7 was released in July 2014. Quicksilver is currently sold and supported by Aurea Software, Inc.<ref name="aurea_acquisition"/>