Editing Interlingue (section)

==History and activity==
{{Main|History of Interlingue}}
[[File:First issue of Cosmoglotta, 1922.jpg|alt=|thumb|The first issue of ''Kosmoglott'' (later ''Cosmoglotta''), published in haste after the announcement that the League of Nations was studying the problem of an international language.]]

=== Beginnings ===

[[Edgar de Wahl]] announced the creation of Occidental in 1922 with the first issue of the magazine ''Cosmoglotta'', published in [[Tallinn]], [[Estonia]] under the name ''Kosmoglott''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kosmoglott, 1922, p. 1|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1922&page=1&size=45|url-status=live|access-date=24 July 2021|archive-date=26 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626092436/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1922&page=1&size=45}}</ref> Occidental was a product of years of personal experimentation under the name Auli ([[International auxiliary language|auxiliary language]]), which he used from 1906 to 1921 and which later on gained the nickname proto-Occidental.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&size=45&page=8|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1945, p. 8|website=anno.onb.ac.at|access-date=18 December 2018|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415022348/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&size=45&page=8|url-status=live}}</ref> De Wahl, originally a proponent of [[Volapük]] and then [[Esperanto]], began creating Occidental after the failed [[Reformed Esperanto|vote to reform Esperanto in 1894]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1946, p. 18|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1946&page=19&size=45|url-status=live|access-date=20 December 2020|archive-date=13 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203629/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1946&page=19&size=45}}</ref>

De Wahl corresponded with other language creators, among them the Italian mathematician [[Giuseppe Peano]] (creator of [[Latino sine flexione]]), from whom he gained an appreciation for its selection of international vocabulary, and [[Waldemar Rosenberger]], the creator of [[Idiom Neutral]].<ref name=":9">{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1946, p. 18|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1946&page=18&size=45|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415023325/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1946&page=18&size=45|archive-date=15 April 2021|access-date=30 January 2019}}</ref>
[[File:Occidental-Union, Wien 1928.jpg|thumb|right|Participants at an Occidental gathering in Vienna, 1928: Engelbert Pigal, Karl Janotta, A. Deminger, Hanns Hörbiger, Eugen Moess, Franz Houdek, Johann Robert Hörbiger]]
[[File:Occidentalists in Vienna, 1927.jpg|thumb|right|Meeting of Occidental (Interlingue) language users in Vienna in 1927.]]
Upon its announcement in 1922, Occidental was nearly complete.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1925&page=40&size=45|title=Kosmoglott, 1925, p.40|quote=Translation: "I found the most precise sense of "-atu" for example no earlier than 1924 ... maybe with time I will also find the precise sense of "-il, -esc, -itudo", etc."|access-date=19 February 2019|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415015947/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1925&page=40&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1947&page=15&size=45|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1947, p. 15|website=anno.onb.ac.at|access-date=28 December 2018|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415021222/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1947&page=15&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref> De Wahl had not intended to announce the language for a few years, but decided to accelerate its release after hearing that the [[League of Nations]] (LON) had begun an inquiry into the question of an international language.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1946&size=45&page=27|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1946, p. 27|access-date=6 January 2019|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415021220/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1946&size=45&page=27|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1922&page=4&size=45|title=Kosmoglott 001, 1922, p. 4|access-date=2 August 2020|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415022050/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1922&page=4&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref> The first known publication in Occidental, a booklet entitled ''Transcendent Algebra'' by [[Jacob Linzbach]], appeared shortly before ''Kosmoglott'' debuted.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://keyboardfire.com/s/transalg/|title= Transcendental Algebra|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190822222146/http://keyboardfire.com/s/transalg/|access-date= 30 November 2019|archive-date= 22 August 2019}}</ref>

Occidental began gathering followers due to its readability, despite a complete lack of grammars and dictionaries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1927&size=45&page=7|title=Kosmoglott, 1925, p.7|website=anno.onb.ac.at|access-date=28 December 2018|archive-date=13 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413204017/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1927&page=7&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref> Two years later in 1924, de Wahl wrote that he was corresponding with about 30 people "in good Occidental" despite the lack of learning material,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kosmoglott, 1924, p. 14|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1924&size=45&teil=0101&page=14|quote=Translation: "He asserts that Occidental, despite being easily readable, is very difficult to write and that one could hardly find 10 people in the world able to write it without errors. Well, with me alone there is already three times that number corresponding in good Occidental."|access-date=7 February 2019|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415022346/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1924&size=45&teil=0101&page=14|url-status=live}}</ref> and users of other languages began to join Occidental.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jki.amu.edu.pl/files/JKI%20-%2014%20-%2009%20-%20Kuznecov[1].pdf|title="Kosmoglot" – la unua interlingvistika societo en Ruslando|access-date=11 August 2020|archive-date=22 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922171623/http://jki.amu.edu.pl/files/JKI%20-%2014%20-%2009%20-%20Kuznecov%5B1%5D.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> The first dictionary, the ''Radicarium Directiv,'' a collection of Occidental root words and their equivalents in eight languages, was published the following year.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Wahl|first=E. de|title=Radicarium directiv del lingue international (Occidental) in 8 lingues.|date=1925|location=Tallinn|oclc=185538723}}</ref>

''Kosmoglott'' was also a forum for various other planned languages, while still mainly written in Occidental. The name was changed to ''Cosmoglotta'' in 1927 as it began to officially promote Occidental in lieu of other languages, and that January the magazine's editorial and administrative office was moved to the Vienna neighborhood of [[Mauer, Vienna|Mauer]], now part of [[Liesing]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta, 1927, p. 1|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1927&page=7&size=45|access-date=15 December 2020|archive-date=13 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413204017/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1927&page=7&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1947, p. 17|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1947&size=45&page=17|access-date=18 January 2019|archive-date=14 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214174909/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1947&size=45&page=17|url-status=live}}</ref> Much of the early success for Occidental in this period came from the office's new central location, along with the efforts of [[Engelbert Pigal]], also from Austria, whose article ''Li Ovre de Edgar de Wahl'' (The Work of Edgar de Wahl) led to interest in Occidental from users of [[Ido language|Ido]].<ref name=":1" /> Use in France began in 1928, and by the beginning of the next decade the Occidental community was established in [[Germany]], Austria, [[Sweden]], Czechoslovakia and [[Switzerland]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Helvetia, January 1930|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e1e&datum=1930&page=9&size=45|quote="...Occ. esset unesimli propagat per Germanes, Austrianes, Svedes, Tchecoslovacos e solmen ante du annus ha penetrat in Francia."|access-date=4 September 2020|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415022218/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e1e&datum=1930&page=9&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Vienna period and World War II ===
[[File:Postkarte Lingue international Occidental.jpg|thumb|right|PR postcard with Occidental text created in 1928 in Vienna]]
The Vienna period was also marked by financial stability.  With the help of two major backers, [[Hanns Hörbiger]], also from Vienna, and G.A. Moore from London, ''Cosmoglotta'' thrived despite the economic crisis. After the two died in 1931, ''Cosmoglotta'' was again forced to rely on revenue from subscriptions and republications.<ref name=":14">{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1937, p.79|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1937&page=80&size=45|access-date=13 March 2019|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415030229/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1937&page=80&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref>

The growing movement began campaigning more assertively for Occidental in the early 1930s,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1933&size=45&page=22|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1933, p. 20.|access-date=11 April 2019|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415024026/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1933&size=45&page=22|url-status=live}}</ref> leveraging its at-sight readability by contacting organizations such as companies, embassies, printing houses and the LON with letters entirely in Occidental that were often understood and answered.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1935&size=45&page=30|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1935, p. 30|access-date=20 February 2019|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415032533/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1935&size=45&page=30|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1931, p. 92|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1931&size=45&page=95|quote=Un commercial firma in Tchecoslovacia scri spontanmen al redaction: "Mi firma...opera in Italia solmen per li medium de Occidental, e to in omni romanic states. To es un miraculos fact. Vu posse scrir a omni romano in Occidental e il va comprender vor idées."|access-date=22 October 2020|archive-date=27 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027051833/http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1931&size=45&page=95|url-status=live}}</ref> Recordings of spoken Occidental on [[Phonograph|gramophone]] records for distribution were first made in this period.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1934&size=45&page=67|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1934, p. 52.|access-date=13 April 2019|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415014454/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1934&size=45&page=67|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1935&size=45&page=12|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1935, p. 12|access-date=20 February 2019|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415022338/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1935&size=45&page=12|url-status=live}}</ref>

The years from 1935 to 1939 were particularly active for ''Cosmoglotta'' and a second edition of the journal was published. Originally entitled ''Cosmoglotta-Informationes'',<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B (Cosmoglotta-Informationes), 1935, p. 1|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1935&page=1&size=45|access-date=15 December 2020|archive-date=13 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203535/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1935&page=1&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref> it was soon renamed ''Cosmoglotta B'', focusing on items of more internal interest such as linguistic issues, reports of Occidental in the news, and financial updates. In early 1936, not counting the 110 issues of ''Cosmoglotta'' and other journals and bulletins, a total of 80 publications existed in and about Occidental.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1936, p. 17|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1936&size=45&page=17|access-date=23 February 2019|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415020219/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1936&size=45&page=17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1936, p. 38|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1936&size=45&page=38|access-date=23 February 2019|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415020032/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1936&page=38&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref>

But the years before [[World War II]] posed difficulties for Occidental [[Esperanto#Official repression|and other planned languages]]. They were banned in Germany,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1948&size=45&page=5|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1948, pg. 5|quote=(Translation) Regrettably, public propagation of Occidental was not possible in Germany from 1935 (the year when artificial languages were banned in Germany) until the end of the war...|access-date=20 January 2019|archive-date=3 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203100042/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1948&size=45&page=5|url-status=live}}</ref> Austria<ref>[http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=12&size=45 Cosmoglotta B, 1945, p. 12.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415020632/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=12&size=45 |date=15 April 2021 }} Translation öf the last pre-war Occidental postcard from Austria sent to Switzerland in December 1938: "My sadness from not being able to continue my interlinguistic work continues and has made me almost melancholic. Please do not send me mail in Occidental."</ref> and Czechoslovakia, forced to disband,<ref>[http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1944&page=109&size=45 Cosmoglotta B, 1944, p. 109.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415021543/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1944&page=109&size=45 |date=15 April 2021 }} Translation: "The reality is that Occidental, like the other international languages, is prohibited in Germany, that the Occidental societies have been disbanded there (also in Czechoslovakia and Austria) even before the war, and that only regime change in those countries will make Occidental propagation a possibility again.</ref> and kept under surveillance by the [[Gestapo]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1948&size=45&page=122|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1948, p. 122|quote=English translation: The final exchange of telegrams between us was your telegram in March 1938 where you asked me if I would go to The Hague to participate in the IALA conference, and my quick negative response, not followed by a letter explaining why. You certainly had guessed the cause, but you cannot know what actually happened. Immediately after the coming of Hitler I had the "honour", as president of an international organisation, to be watched by the Gestapo, which interrogated me multiple times and searched through my house, confiscating a large part of my correspondence and my interlinguistic material."|access-date=2 February 2019|archive-date=24 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210324052338/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1948&size=45&page=122|url-status=live}}</ref> which also destroyed instructional materials.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1948, p. 33.|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1948&size=45&page=33|quote=Translation: "I myself lost my entire rich Occidental-Interlingue possessions in 1936 through home raids by the infamous Gestapo...How thankful you must be to your governments which have avoided such catastrophes that our land (Germany) has suffered, one after another, for 35 years now."|access-date=16 January 2019|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415024141/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1948&size=45&page=33|url-status=live}}</ref> The prohibition of auxiliary languages in Germany was particularly damaging as this was where most Occidentalists lived at the time.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1946&size=45&page=32|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1946, p. 32|access-date=6 January 2019|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415024144/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1946&size=45&page=32|url-status=live}}</ref> The inability to accept payment for subscriptions was a financial blow that continued after the war<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1946, p. 11|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1946&page=11&size=45|access-date=15 December 2020|archive-date=13 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203603/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1946&page=11&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref> along with Germany's division into zones of influence, not all of which allowed payments.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1947, p. 107|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1947&size=45&page=99|access-date=15 December 2020|archive-date=13 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413204211/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1947&size=45&page=99|url-status=live}}</ref>

De Wahl, in Tallinn, was unable to communicate with the Occidental Union in Switzerland from 1939 to October 1947, first due to the war and thereafter the interception of mail between Switzerland and the Soviet Union.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1947, p. 100|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1947&size=45&page=92|access-date=2 January 2019|website=anno.onb.ac.at|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415023923/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1947&size=45&page=92|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1948, p. 100|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1948&page=101&size=45|access-date=15 December 2020|archive-date=13 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413204221/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1948&page=101&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref> Unaware of this, de Wahl was bewildered at the lack of response to his continued letters; even a large collection of poetry translated into Occidental was never delivered. The only letter of his received in Switzerland came in 1947, asking the Occidental Union why it had not answered any of his.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1948, p. 99|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1948&page=100&size=45|access-date=15 December 2020|archive-date=13 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203808/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1948&page=100&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref> Meanwhile, de Wahl's house and his entire library had been destroyed during the bombardment of Tallinn. De Wahl himself was incarcerated for a time after refusing to [[Heim ins Reich|leave Estonia for Germany]], and later took refuge in a psychiatric hospital where he lived out his life.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://interl.home.amu.edu.pl/interlingvistiko/Barandovska_Latinidaj_planlingvoj.pdf|title=Latinidaj planlingvoj (AIS-kurso, 1 studunuo)|last=Barandovská-Frank|first=Vĕra|quote="Post la okupo de Tallinn per sovetia armeo estis deportita kaj malaperinta la edzino de De Wahl, lia domo komplete forbruliĝis dum bombardado, detruiĝis lia riĉa biblioteko kaj manuskriptoj. Post la alveno de naziaj trupoj De Wahl rifuzis translokiĝon al Germanio kaj estis enkarcerigita. Por savi lin, liaj amikoj lasis proklami lin mense malsana. En la jaro 1944, 77-jaraĝa, li eniris sanatorion Seewald apud Tallinn kaj restis tie ankaŭ post la milito, ne havante propran loĝejon"|access-date=22 January 2019|archive-date=23 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123010131/http://interl.home.amu.edu.pl/interlingvistiko/Barandovska_Latinidaj_planlingvoj.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1948, p. 98|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1948&page=99&size=45|access-date=15 December 2020|archive-date=13 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203805/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1948&page=99&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref>

The outbreak of war in 1939 put a halt to publications of both ''Cosmoglotta''s through 1940, but in 1941 ''Cosmoglotta B'' began publication once again and continued until 1950.<ref name=":3" /> An edition of either ''Cosmoglotta'' A or B was published every month between January 1937 and September 1939, and then (after the initial shock of the war) every month from September 1941 to June 1951.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1922&page=73&size=45|title=Plan de aparition de KOSMOGLOTT 1922–1926 e COSMOGLOTTA 1927–1972 (Austrian National Library)|access-date=28 January 2019|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415025601/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1922&page=73&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref> During the war, only those in neutral Switzerland and Sweden were able to fully devote themselves to the language, carrying on activities semi-officially.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1941, p. 1|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1941&page=1&size=45|url-status=live|access-date=5 July 2021|archive-date=9 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709183239/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1941&page=1&size=45}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1943, p. 85|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1943&page=85&size=45|url-status=live|access-date=5 July 2021|archive-date=9 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709185453/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1943&page=85&size=45}}</ref>

During the war, Occidentalists noticed that the language was often permitted to be sent by telegram within and outside of Switzerland (especially to and from Sweden)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1946, p.8.|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1946&page=8&size=45|access-date=22 December 2018|website=anno.onb.ac.at|quote=English translation: "At the assembly of the Swiss Association for Occidental in Bienne it was noted with satisfaction that despite the war the cooperation at least with the Swedish worldlanguage friends was always able to be maintained, in that the letters and telegrams written in Occidental passed by the censors without problem."|archive-date=7 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210207153229/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1946&page=8&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref> even without official recognition, surmising that censors were able to understand it<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1943&page=6&size=45 |title=Cosmoglotta B, 1943, p. 6 |access-date=10 December 2018 |archive-date=15 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415024228/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1943&page=6&size=45 |url-status=live }}</ref> and may have thought them to be written in Spanish or [[Romansch language|Romansch]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=15&size=45 |title=Cosmoglotta B, 1945, p. 15 |access-date=10 December 2018 |archive-date=15 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415021903/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=15&size=45 |url-status=live }}</ref> (a small yet official Romance language in Switzerland). This allowed some communication to take place between the Occidentalists in Switzerland and Sweden. The other centres of Occidental activity in Europe did not fare as well, with the stocks of study materials in Vienna and Tallinn having been destroyed in bombings<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1946&page=9&size=45|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1946, p.9|website=anno.onb.ac.at|access-date=22 December 2018|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415020703/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1946&page=9&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref> and numerous Occidentalists sent to [[concentration camps]] in Germany and Czechoslovakia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1945, p. 119.|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=119&size=45|access-date=22 December 2018|website=anno.onb.ac.at|quote=English translation: "When I arrived in Prague after my escape from the concentration of Leitmeritz, I had literally nothing except a ragged prison uniform, the so-called "pyjama" of the prison camps...Soon after I arrived in Prague I published an ad to search friends of the international language..."|archive-date=13 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203639/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=119&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1945, p. 83.|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=83&size=45|access-date=22 December 2018|website=anno.onb.ac.at|quote=English translation: "The letters from France are starting to arrive in Switzerland. Especially appreciated are those from Mr. Lerond, a teacher in Bréville tra Donville (Manche) and from Mr. René Chabaud, who happily returned safe and sound from a prison camp in Germany."|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415022910/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=83&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref>

Contacts were reestablished shortly after the war by those who remained, with letters from countries such as France, Czechoslovakia, Finland and Great Britain reaching ''Cosmoglotta''. Writers said they were ready to begin activities anew for the language.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1946, p. 108|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=108&size=45|url-status=live|access-date=1 August 2021|archive-date=1 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210801150349/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=108&size=45}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1946. p. 119-120|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=119&size=45|url-status=live|access-date=17 December 2020|archive-date=13 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203639/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=119&size=45}}</ref> ''Cosmoglotta'' had subscribers in 58 cities in Switzerland<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=24&size=45 |title=Cosmoglotta B, 1945, p. 24 |access-date=10 December 2018 |archive-date=30 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210330075537/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=24&size=45 |url-status=live }}</ref> a few months before the end of World War II in Europe, and ''Cosmoglotta'' A began publication again in 1946.<ref name=":3" />

===Language standardization===
During the war many Occidentalists took to standardizing the language.<ref name=":15" /> De Wahl had created Occidental with a number of unchangeable features, but believed that its following of the "laws of life" gave it a firm enough base that it could follow a "natural evolution"<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kosmoglott, 1922, p. 65|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1922&page=65&size=45|access-date=16 December 2020|archive-date=13 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203337/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1922&page=65&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref> with a flexibility that would "allow time and practice to take care of modifications that would prove to be necessary".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1927, p. 95|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1927&page=103&size=45|access-date=22 August 2020|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415020154/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1927&size=45&page=103|url-status=live}}</ref> As a result, some words had more than one permissible form, which could not be resolved by decree alone, thus leaving the ultimate decision to the community by including both possible forms in the first Occidental dictionaries.<ref>[http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=3&size=45 Cosmoglotta B, 1945, p. 3:] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415020331/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=3&size=45 |date=15 April 2021 }} Translation: "For some hundreds of international words there are two forms between which it is not easy to know which one is better. E. de Wahl wisely wrote both in the first dictionaries, with the intention to let practice make the decision."</ref> One example concerned the verb ''scrir'' (to write) and a possible other form ''scripter'', as both created internationally recognizable derivations: ''scritura'' and ''scritor'' from ''scrir'', or ''scriptura'' and ''scriptor'' from ''scripter.<ref name=":16" />'' De Wahl expressed a preference for ''scrir'', finding ''scripter'' to be somewhat heavy, but commented that the latter was certainly permissible and that Occidental might take on a similar evolution to natural languages in which both forms come into common use, with the longer form having a heavier and formal character and the shorter form a lighter and more everyday tone (such as English ''story'' vs. ''history'').<ref name=":16">{{Cite book|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1925&page=14&size=45|title=Kosmoglott, 1925, p. 14|date=May 1925|access-date=16 December 2020|archive-date=13 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203618/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1925&page=14&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Orthography]] was another area in which several possibilities existed, namely etymologic orthography ('''ad'''tractiv, '''ob'''pression), historic orthography ('''att'''ractiv, '''opp'''ression), or simplified orthography ('''at'''ractiv, '''op'''ression).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1944&page=66&size=45 |title=Cosmoglotta B, 1944, p. 66 |access-date=7 December 2018 |archive-date=15 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415014651/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1944&page=66&size=45 |url-status=live }}</ref> The simplified orthography eventually became the standard by 1939.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Schmidt|first=Dr. Thomas|title=GROSSES MODERNES WÖRTERBUCH INTERLINGUE (OCCIDENTAL) – DEUTSCH|year=2020|location=Berlin|pages=2|quote=Von seiner Entstehung bis zum Ausbruch des Zweiten Weltkrieges 1939 wurde die Rechtschreibung der Sprache deutlich vereinfacht. Diese sogenannte "simplificat ortografie" löste die alte "historic ortografie" ab.}}</ref> With questions still remaining about the official form of some words and a lack of general material destined for the general public,<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1938, p. 82|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1938&size=45&page=71|access-date=23 March 2019|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415015942/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1938&size=45&page=71|url-status=live}}</ref> much time during World War II was spent on language standardization and course creation, and due to the continuing war, in August 1943 the decision was made to create an interim academy to officialize this process.<ref name=":15">[http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1943&page=85&size=45 Cosmoglotta B, 1943, p. 85:] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415024913/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1943&page=85&size=45 |date=15 April 2021 }} English translation: "Because the president and secretary of the Academy are located in countries in a state of war, the leading Occidentalists of the neutral countries, Switzerland and Sweden, believe it necessary to set up an INTERIM ACADEMY which will function until the other will be able to resume its work. The decisions of this interim academy will be '''conditional''', i.e.: must be validated by the regular Academy after the war, and due to that it will deliver to it all documents justifying its decisions, with detailed reasons."</ref>

This process had just about begun not long before the war, and the Swiss Occidentalists, finding themselves isolated from the rest of the continent, opted to concentrate on instructional materials to have ready by the end of the war.<ref name="auto"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1939, p. 1|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1939&page=1&size=45|access-date=24 March 2019|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415033016/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1939&page=1&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== IALA, Interlingua, and name change to Interlingue ===
The International Auxiliary Language Association (IALA), founded in 1924<ref>{{Cite book|last=Esterhill|first=Frank J.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V-pUYFcH2PwC|title=Interlingua Institute: A History|publisher=Interlingua Institute|year=2000|isbn=9780917848025|pages=ix|access-date=25 December 2020|archive-date=13 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413211451/https://books.google.com/books?id=V-pUYFcH2PwC|url-status=live}}</ref> to study and determine the best planned language for international communication, was at first viewed with suspicion by the Occidental community. Its co-founder [[Alice Vanderbilt Morris]] was an Esperantist, as were many of its staff,<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1948&page=84&size=45|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1948, p. 84|access-date=31 January 2019|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415025850/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1948&page=84&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref> and many Occidentalists including de Wahl himself<ref name=":7" /> believed that its leadership under Esperantist [[William Edward Collinson]] meant that it had been set up with a staff of professional linguists under a neutral and scientific pretext to bolster a final recommendation for Esperanto. Relations soon improved, however, as it became clear that the IALA intended to be as impartial as possible by familiarizing itself with all existing planned languages. [[Ric Berger]], a prominent Occidentalist who later joined [[Interlingua]] in the 1950s, made a personal visit to Morris in 1935 in which she and her husband showed a curiosity for Occidental and invited him to speak in the language, vastly improving Berger's opinion of the organization.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1948, pg. 85|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1948&page=85&size=45|access-date=23 January 2022|website=anno.onb.ac.at}}</ref>

In 1945, the IALA announced that it planned to create its own language and showed four possible versions under consideration, all of which were naturalistic<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1948, p. 84|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1948&page=85&size=45|access-date=31 January 2019|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415031939/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1948&page=85&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref> as opposed to schematic. Occidentalists were by and large pleased that the IALA had decided to create a language so similar in nature to Occidental, seeing it as a credible association that gave weight to their argument that an auxiliary language should proceed from study of natural languages instead of attempting to fit them into an artificial system. Ric Berger was particularly positive in describing the upcoming language as a victory for the natural school<ref name=":8" /> and "almost the same language" in 1948.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1948&size=45&page=35|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1948, p. 34|access-date=26 January 2019|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415025943/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1948&size=45&page=35|url-status=live}}</ref> Berger still had reservations, however, doubting whether a project with such a similar aspect and structure would be able to "suddenly cause prejudices [against planned languages] to fall and create unity among the partisans of international languages".<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1948&page=29&size=45|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1948, p. 29|access-date=26 January 2019|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415014645/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1948&page=29&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref> Berger also feared that it might simply "disperse the partisans of the natural language with nothing to show for it" after Occidental had created "unity in the naturalistic school" for so long.<ref name=":2" />

While the two languages had a 90 per cent identical vocabulary<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://interl.home.amu.edu.pl/interlingvistiko/Barandovska_Latinidaj_planlingvoj.pdf|title=Latinidaj planlingvoj (AIS-kurso, 1 studunuo)|last=Barandovská-Frank|first=Vĕra|quote=Alphonse Matejka konstatis, ke la publikigita vortprovizo de Interlingua en 90% kongruas kun tiu de Interlingue, se oni ne rigardas ortografion (historian kaj simpligitan) kaj uzon de finaj vokaloj.|access-date=22 January 2019|archive-date=23 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123010131/http://interl.home.amu.edu.pl/interlingvistiko/Barandovska_Latinidaj_planlingvoj.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> without orthographic differences taken into account (e.g. with {{lang|ie|filosofie}} and {{lang|ie|philosophia}} considered the same word), structurally and derivationally they were very different. De Wahl's Rule in Occidental had mostly done away with Latin double stem verbs (verbs such as act: {{lang|ie|ager}}, {{lang|ie|act-}} or send: {{lang|ie|mitter}}, {{lang|ie|miss-}}), while Interlingua simply accepted them as part and parcel of a naturalistic system.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Gode|first1=Alexander|last2=Blair|first2=Hugh|title=A grammar of Interlingua|chapter= Appendix 1 (Double-Stem Verbs)|url=https://adoneilson.com/int/gi/append/double.html|publisher=International Auxiliary Language Association|year=1951|access-date=21 October 2020|archive-date=23 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023125657/https://adoneilson.com/int/gi/append/double.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The control languages (Italian, Spanish and/or Portuguese, French, English) used by Interlingua to form its vocabulary for the most part require an eligible word to be found in three source languages (the "rule of three"),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Le tres principios principal del standardization international in interlingua|url=https://www.interlingua.com/historia/publicationes/standardisation.htm|access-date=17 December 2020|archive-date=13 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413204205/https://www.interlingua.com/historia/publicationes/standardisation.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> which would conflict with Occidental's Germanic [[Stratum (linguistics)|substrate]] and various other words which would be by definition ineligible in a unified language that retained Interlingua's methodology. Interlingua also allowed optional irregular verbal conjugations such as {{lang|ie|so}}, {{lang|ie|son}} and {{lang|ie|sia}} as the first-person singular, third-person plural and subjunctive form of {{lang|ie|esser}}, the verb 'to be'.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Interlingua-English Dictionary S |url=http://www.bowks.net/worldlang/aux/b_IED_s.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213083124/http://www.bowks.net/worldlang/aux/b_IED_s.html |archive-date=13 December 2007}}</ref>

Occidental was also still recovering from the war. ''Cosmoglotta'' continued to report into 1946 on who had survived the war, who among them were ready to participate again and those who were still out of touch.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1945, p. 120|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=119&size=45|access-date=17 December 2020|archive-date=13 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203639/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=119&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1946, p. 4|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1946&page=4&size=45|access-date=17 December 2020|archive-date=13 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203615/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1946&page=4&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref> The magazine was financially strained by inflated postwar printing costs and its inability to collect payments from certain countries,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1948&size=45&page=12|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1948, p. 12|quote=Translation: "Unfortunately, in 1947 we were not able to publish more than two printed editions: the enormous increase of printing costs and the difficulties transferring the credits accumulated in certain countries were the reasons why we had to be prudent about expenses...even though printing costs have increased by 5 times compared to before the war, the subscription fees have remained the same. Regretfully we have been forced to increase the subscription price this year to 8 Swiss francs..."|access-date=26 January 2019|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415023734/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1948&size=45&page=12|url-status=live}}</ref> a marked contrast to the well-funded<ref name="harlow2000">Harlow, Don. ''The Esperanto Book'', Chapter 3: {{Cite web |url=http://donh.best.vwh.net/Esperanto/EBook/chap03.html |title=The Esperanto Book: 3 |access-date=9 September 2008 |archive-date=4 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204044938/http://donh.best.vwh.net/Esperanto/EBook/chap03.html |url-status=dead }}.</ref> New York-based IALA.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Historia de Interlingua|url=https://www.interlingua.com/historia/|access-date=20 November 2021|website=www.interlingua.com}}</ref>

International politics was another difficulty for Occidentalists after the war. The beginning of the [[Cold War]] created an uncomfortable situation for the Occidental-Union,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1948, p. 7|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1948&page=7&size=45|quote="Li recent evenimentes politic e li division del munde in du sectores de influentie (occidental e oriental) ha mettet nor propagatores de quelc landes in delicat situation. It ha devenit desfacil nu parlar pri un lingue de quel li nómine in cert landes evoca suspectiones in li circul politic. Pro to nor Centrale ha recivet ti-ci mensus, precipue de Tchecoslovacia, propositiones usar vice li nómine de Occidental ti de Interal (=INTER/national Auxiliari lingue)."|access-date=1 February 2019|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415025617/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1948&page=7&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Barandovská-Frank|first=Vĕra|title=Latinidaj planlingvoj (AIS-kurso, 1 studunuo)|url=http://interl.home.amu.edu.pl/interlingvistiko/Barandovska_Latinidaj_planlingvoj.pdf|quote="La postmilita divido de Eŭropo en orientan kaj okcidentan sektoron sentigis la nomon "Occidental" propagando por kapitalisma okcidento, tial venis proponoj ŝanĝi la nomon."|access-date=22 January 2019|archive-date=23 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123010131/http://interl.home.amu.edu.pl/interlingvistiko/Barandovska_Latinidaj_planlingvoj.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Pigal|first=Engelbert|title=Interlingue (Occidental), die Weltsprache|publisher=Gesellschaft Cosmoglotta|year=1950|location=Vienna, Austria|pages=4|oclc=67940249|quote=Schließlich wurde aus Gründen der Neutralität mit 1. September 1949 der Name der Sprache in Interlingue geändert.}}</ref> whose name unfortunately coincided with that of an anti-Russian political league; the Swiss Occidentalists believed that was why all of de Wahl's letters from Tallinn were intercepted.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1948, p. 99|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1948&page=100&size=45|quote=Translation: "One should not forget that the name Occidental had been selected in 1922, when it had absolutely no political significance. And today, by strange chance the title of the Occidental-Union coincides with that of a political league opposed to the Russians. It is possible that in Tallinn they considered de Wahl a person requiring police surveillance. How to protest and explain the misunderstanding from so far away?"|access-date=1 February 2019|archive-date=13 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203808/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1948&page=100&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref> De Wahl remained unaware of developments in the language and the proposal for the rest of his life.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Occidental A, 1948, p. 98|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1948&page=99&size=45|access-date=15 December 2020|archive-date=13 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203805/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1948&page=99&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref> In early 1948 the Czechoslovak Occidentalists had begun requesting a new name that would allow them to continue their linguistic activities without suspicion, proposing the name Interal (International auxiliari lingue), to which the union responded that the term ''Interlingue'' would be more appropriate and that they were free to introduce the language as "Interlingue (Occidental)", or even remove the mention of Occidental in parentheses if they wanted.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1948&page=7&size=45|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1948, p. 7|access-date=1 February 2019|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415025617/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1948&page=7&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref> Ric Berger began advocating for a change of name from Occidental to Interlingue in 1948<ref>{{Cite web|title=Biographias: Ric(hard) Berger|url=https://www.interlingua.com/historia/biographias/berger.htm|quote=Postea, de 1934 a 1950, ille esseva co-redactor del magazin del Occidental-Union, "Cosmoglotta", e esseva le interprenditor in 1948 quando occidental – presentate per le estoniano Edgar de Wahl – cambiava nomine a interlingue.|access-date=18 December 2020|archive-date=13 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413204010/https://www.interlingua.com/historia/biographias/berger.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> which he also hoped would aid in a fusion between the two languages.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta, summer 2000|url=http://cosmoglotta.narod.ru/Cg289/cg289.htm|quote=Proque yo esperat que noi vell posser un vez fusionar con Interlingua, ti-ci nov nómine devet facilisar li transition por nor membres, evitante talmen, coram li publica, un nov radical changeament de nómine. Yo dunc proposit, in februar 1948, in Cosmoglotta, remplazzar li nómine Occidental per Interlingue malgré li oposition del presidente del Academie.|access-date=13 December 2018|archive-date=15 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215222745/http://cosmoglotta.narod.ru/Cg289/cg289.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The official vote on the name change to Interlingue took place in 1949 and was passed with 91 per cent support, making the official name Interlingue, with Interlingue (Occidental) also permitted, starting September 1949.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/48608370/Cosmoglotta-October-1949|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1949, p. 112|quote=English translation: "91% of the voters have adopted the proposition of the Senate of the Occidental Union, i.e. the new name: INTERLINGUE. The usage of the name INTERLINGUE, or if one wishes INTERLINGUE (Occ.) is valid from 1.9.1949."|access-date=9 February 2019|archive-date=24 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724134429/https://www.scribd.com/doc/48608370/Cosmoglotta-October-1949|url-status=live}}</ref>

The 1951 debut of Interlingua weakened Interlingue-Occidental, which until then had been unchallenged in the field of naturalistic planned auxiliary languages. Vĕra Barandovská-Frank's perception of the situation at the time was as follows (translated from Esperanto):
{{Blockquote|In the field of naturalistic planned languages Occidental-Interlingue was until then unchallenged (especially after the death of Otto Jespersen, author of Novial), as all new projects were nearly imitations of it. This applied to Interlingua as well, but it carried with it a dictionary of 27 000 words put together by professional linguists that brought great respect, despite in principle only confirming the path that de Wahl had started. [...] In these circumstances the efforts by Ric Berger to move all users of Interlingue en masse to Interlingua de IALA was a shock. His heresy caused doubt and interruptions in Interlingue circles, especially after he became involved in the publication of ''Revista de Interlingua''. The former idea of a natural fusion of both languages was shown to be unrealistic, with the new language becoming a rival.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Barandovská-Frank|first=Vĕra|title=Latinidaj planlingvoj (AIS-kurso, 1 studunuo)|url=http://interl.home.amu.edu.pl/interlingvistiko/Barandovska_Latinidaj_planlingvoj.pdf|quote="...la simileco inter ambaŭ interlingvoj estas tiom granda, ke certe eblos iu racia sintezo inter ili, konkludis Matejka en 1951...La senato de Interlingue-Union kaj la Interlingue-Academie pritraktis la proponojn, ke (1) Interlingue Union iĝu kolektiva membro de IALA kaj (2) Interlingue-Union restu favora al estonta aktiveco de IALA kaj morale subtenu ĝin. La unua propono ne estis akceptita, sed jes la dua, do praktike kunlaboro kaj subteno de Interlingua."|access-date=2019-01-22|archive-date=2019-01-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123010131/http://interl.home.amu.edu.pl/interlingvistiko/Barandovska_Latinidaj_planlingvoj.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|last=Barandovská-Frank|first=Vĕra|title=Latinidaj planlingvoj (AIS-kurso, 1 studunuo)|url=http://interl.home.amu.edu.pl/interlingvistiko/Barandovska_Latinidaj_planlingvoj.pdf|page=18|access-date=22 January 2019|archive-date=23 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123010131/http://interl.home.amu.edu.pl/interlingvistiko/Barandovska_Latinidaj_planlingvoj.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
Don Harlow similarly summarizes the year 1951 for Occidental:
{{blockquote|Interlingua had a ready-made constituency. Almost thirty years had passed since the creation of Occidental, whose strength in the "naturalistic" world had prevented other "naturalistic" projects from developing their own movements. But Occidental's star had waned since the war. Now, like a bolt from the blue, came this heaven-sent gift: a new constructed language even more "naturalistic" than Occidental. In spite of attempts by diehard supporters of Occidental to stave off the inevitable — for instance, by such tactics as renaming their language Interlingue — most remaining Occidentalists made the short pilgrimage to the shrine of Interlingua.<ref name="harlow2000" />}}

=== Stagnation and revival ===
[[File:Cosmoglotta_325.jpg|thumb|Issue 325 of ''Cosmoglotta'' for the period January to December 2019.]]
While the migration of so many users to Interlingua had severely weakened Interlingue, the ensuing drop in activity was gradual and took place over decades.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Esterhill |first=Frank |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V-pUYFcH2PwC|title=Interlingua Institute : A History |date=2000 |publisher=Interlingua Institute |isbn=0-917848-02-0}}</ref> ''Cosmoglotta B'' ceased publication after 1950, and the frequency of ''Cosmoglotta A'' began to gradually drop: once every second month from 1952, and then once per quarter from 1963.<ref name=":3" /> Other bulletins in Interlingue continued to appear during this time such as ''Cive del Munde'' (Switzerland), ''Voce de Praha'' (Czechoslovakia), ''Sved Interlinguist'' (Sweden), ''International Memorandum'' ([[United Kingdom]]), ''Interlinguistic Novas'' (France), ''Jurnale Scolari International'' (France), ''Buletine Pedagogic International'' (France), ''Super li Frontieras'' (France), ''Interlingue-Postillon'' (1958, Germany), ''Novas de Oriente'' (1958, Japan), ''Amicitie european'' (1959, Switzerland), ''Teorie e practica'' (Switzerland-Czechoslovakia, 1967), and ''Novas in Interlingue'' (Czechoslovakia, 1971).<ref name=":4" /> Barandovská-Frank believed that the ebb in interest in Occidental-Interlingue occurred in concert with the aging of the generation that was first drawn to it from other planned languages:
{{blockquote|Most of those interested in Interlingue belonged to the generation that became acquainted in turn with [[Volapük]], Esperanto and Ido, later on finding the most aesthetic (essentially naturalistic) solution in Occidental-Interlingue. Many subsequently moved to IALA's Interlingua, which however did not prove to be much more successful despite the impression its scientific origin made, and those who remained loyal to Occidental-Interlingue did not succeed in imparting their enthusiasm to a new generation.<ref name=":4" />}}
Activity in Interlingue reached a low during the 1980s and early 1990s, when ''Cosmoglotta'' publication ceased for a few years. While issue 269 was published in 1972 after publishing once per season between 1963,<ref name=":3" /> issue 289 was not reached until summer 2000<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, Summer 2000|url=http://cosmoglotta.narod.ru/Cg289/cg289.htm|access-date=13 December 2018|archive-date=22 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922200525/http://cosmoglotta.narod.ru/Cg289/cg289.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> for an average of less than one issue per year. According to Harlow, "in 1985 Occidental's last periodical, ''Cosmoglotta'', ceased publication, and its editor, Mr. Adrian Pilgrim, is quoted as having described Occidental as a 'dead language.'"<ref name="harlow2000" /> A decade later, a [[documentary film]] in 1994 by Steve Hawley and Steyger on planned languages introduced Interlingue speaker Donald Gasper as "one of the last remaining speakers of the language Occidental".<ref>{{Citation|last=Hawley|first=Steve|title=Language Lessons 1994|date=1 June 2010|url=https://vimeo.com/12197673|access-date=30 January 2019|archive-date=11 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211190635/https://vimeo.com/12197673|url-status=live}}</ref>

As was the case for other planned languages, the arrival of the Internet spurred Interlingue's revival.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web|last=Barandovská-Frank|first=Vĕra|title=Latinidaj planlingvoj (AIS-kurso, 1 studunuo)|url=http://interl.home.amu.edu.pl/interlingvistiko/Barandovska_Latinidaj_planlingvoj.pdf|access-date=22 January 2019|archive-date=23 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123010131/http://interl.home.amu.edu.pl/interlingvistiko/Barandovska_Latinidaj_planlingvoj.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> In the year 1999 the first [[Yahoo! Groups|Yahoo! Group]] in Occidental was founded, ''Cosmoglotta'' had begun publishing intermittently again, and the language became a subject of discussion in literature on auxiliary languages.<ref>{{Cite web|title=IE-Munde – Jurnal e information pri Interlingue (Occidental)|url=https://www.ie-munde.com/historie.html|access-date=30 January 2019|website=www.ie-munde.com|archive-date=30 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130162516/https://www.ie-munde.com/historie.html|url-status=live}}</ref> One example is ''The [[Esperanto]] Book'' released in 1995 by Harlow, who wrote that Occidental had an intentional emphasis on European forms and that some of its leading followers espoused a [[Eurocentrism|Eurocentric]] philosophy, which may have hindered its spread.<ref name="harlow2000" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1927, p. 33|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1927&page=39&size=45|access-date=20 December 2020|archive-date=13 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203551/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1927&page=39&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref> Still, the opposite view<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1927, p. 64|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1929&page=68&size=45|quote=Yo confesse que yo vide poc in li Europan cultura del ultim 1900 annus quel es tam remarcabilmen preciosi. To quo es max visibil es tyrannie, oppression, guerres e nigri superstition.|access-date=18 October 2020|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415014456/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1929&page=68&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1949, p.108|url=http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/131845221/Cosmoglotta%20A%20149%20%28oct%201949%29|quote=In ti témpor yo esset in Sydney, e pro que yo havet grand interesse por li indigenes e volet converter mi blanc fratres a un bon opinion pri ili, yo scrit in li presse pri ti heroic action e comparat li brutalitá del blanc rasse con li conciliantie e self-sacrificie del negros.|access-date=18 October 2020|archive-date=24 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724141051/http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/131845221/Cosmoglotta%20A%20149%20%28oct%201949%29|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":6" /> was also common in the community and Occidental gained adherents in many nations including Asian nations.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1937|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1937&size=45&page=114|quote=JAPAN: Kokusaigo-Kenkyusho, Daita 11-784, Setagaya, TOKIO (Pch. Tokio 62 061)|access-date=29 January 2019|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415015404/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1937&size=45&page=114|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1958, p. 66, 77|website=[[GitHub]]|url=https://github.com/occidental-lang/occidental-lang.github.io/blob/master/resources/Cosmoglotta_V_1958.pdf|access-date=22 December 2020|archive-date=15 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915114204/https://github.com/occidental-lang/occidental-lang.github.io/blob/master/resources/Cosmoglotta_V_1958.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> An Interlingue [[Wikipedia]] was approved in 2004. In recent years official meetings of Interlingue speakers have resumed: one in [[Ulm]] in 2013,<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Litt incontra in Ulm.|journal=IE-MUNDE (Revúe in Interlingue-Occidental) Numeró 7 – Octobre 2013}}</ref> another in [[Munich]] in 2014 with three participants,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ie-munde.com/incontra-de-interlingue-7-im-de-april-2014-in-muenchen.html|title=IE-Munde – Jurnal e information pri Interlingue (Occidental)|website=www.ie-munde.com|access-date=30 January 2019|archive-date=30 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130162556/https://www.ie-munde.com/incontra-de-interlingue-7-im-de-april-2014-in-muenchen.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and a third in Ulm the next year with five.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=TRIESIM MINI-INCONTRA DE INTERLINGUE|journal=IE-MUNDE (Revúe in Interlingue-Occidental) Numeró 11 – Octobre 2015}}</ref>

The most recent edition of ''Cosmoglotta'' is volume 333, for the period from January to June 2024.<ref>{{Cite web | title=Internet Archive: Digital Library of Free & Borrowable Texts, Movies, Music & Wayback Machine | url=https://archive.org/search?query=creator:Interlingue-Union | access-date=2025-04-26 | website=archive.org}}</ref>

Recent years have shown new books published in Interlingue such as ''[[The Little Prince]]'',<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=IE-Munde – Jurnal e information pri Interlingue (Occidental)|url=https://www.ie-munde.com/textus-in-interlingue.html|access-date=23 January 2022|website=www.ie-munde.com}}</ref> the [[Gospel of Mark]],<ref name=":0"/> [[wikibooks:Salute, Jonathan!|Salute, Jonathan!]],<ref>{{Cite book|title=Li sercha in li castelle Dewahl e altri racontas|oclc=}}</ref><ref name="fabules">{{Cite book|title=Fabules, racontas e mites|oclc=}}</ref> and works including ''Li sercha in li castelle Dewahl e altri racontas'', ''Antologie hispan,'' and ''Fabules, racontas e mites''.