Editing Internalized oppression (section)

==Types==
Internalized oppression occurs as a result of psychological injury caused by external oppressive events (e.g., harassment and discrimination), and it has a negative impact on individuals' self system (e.g., self-esteem, self-image, self-concept, self-worth, and self-regulation).<ref name="auto1">{{cite journal |last1=Szymanski |first1=Dawn M. |last2=Gupta |first2=Arpana |title=Examining the relationship between multiple internalized oppressions and African American lesbian, gay, bisexual, and questioning persons' self-esteem and psychological distress. |journal=Journal of Counseling Psychology |date=January 2009 |volume=56 |issue=1 |pages=110–118 |doi=10.1037/a0013317 }}</ref> The trauma of internalized oppression is intensified by repetitive exposure to explicit violence such as segregation and discrimination, as well as implicitly through various forms of oppressive microprocesses and insidious [[Microaggression|microaggressions]] (e.g., privation of inclusion and peripheralizing).<ref name="auto"/> It may manifest on an individual or group level, and may form as base for in-group conflict and further discrimination that can be hurtful and limiting.<ref name="auto">David, E. J. R. and Annie O. Derthick. "What Is Internalized Oppression, and so What?." Internalized Oppression: The Psychology of Marginalized Groups., E. J. R. David and E. J. R., (Ed) David, Springer Publishing Co, 2014, pp. 1–30. https://connect.springerpub.com/content/book/978-0-8261-9926-3/part/part01/chapter/ch01</ref> 

[[Internalized racism]] is about fostering a negative attitude towards one's own race, created by the oppressing race, and nurturing a positive attitude towards the oppressor's race (e.g., [[race traitor]]). As a result, it leads individuals to experience chronic self-hatred and deny their membership in their own racial group.<ref name="auto1"/> Over time, it can be an effect of internalized colonialism. As heirs of ingrained assimilation to the oppressor's truth and by nurturing [[Attribution bias|attributional errors]], the colonized people gradually accept the oppressor's norm as the norm to follow, often unintentionally and without being aware of it. An example of internalized colonialism on self-perception is the practice of [[skin whitening]] (see [[Discrimination based on skin color|colorism]]), which is found in Africa and Asia.<ref name="auto"/>

Internalized [[homophobia]], also known as internalized [[heterosexism]], occurs in the [[LGBT community]] when individuals adopt a culture's heterosexist attitudes. It has a positive correlation with psychological distress and a negative correlation with self-esteem.<ref name="auto1"/> Internalized homophobia is strongly associated with guilt and shame (especially among youth) and has been linked to increased anxiety, depression and suicide.<ref>Puckett, Jae A., et al. "Predictors of Sexual Minority Youth's Reported Suicide Attempts and Mental Health." Journal of homosexuality, vol. 64, no. 6, 2017, pp. 697–715.</ref> Additionally, research suggests that internalized homophobia can shape how individuals navigate their authenticity in personal and professional settings, often compelling them to develop strategies to manage or conceal aspects of their identity.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mellors |first=Joseph |last2=Egdell |first2=Valerie |title=Affected and Intrinsic Authenticity: Navigating Internalized Gay Ageism on LGBTQ+ Homestay Platforms |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/gwao.13252 |journal=Gender, Work & Organization |language=en |volume=n/a |issue=n/a |doi=10.1111/gwao.13252 |issn=1468-0432|doi-access=free }}</ref>

In [[internalized sexism]], individuals (generally women) adopt oppressive attitudes towards their gender which are held by their culture. An example is [[slut-shaming]], where women criticize transgressions of accepted codes of sexual conduct on themselves and other women.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Armstrong |first1=Elizabeth A. |last2=Hamilton |first2=Laura T. |last3=Armstrong |first3=Elizabeth M. |last4=Seeley |first4=J. Lotus |title='Good Girls': Gender, Social Class, and Slut Discourse on Campus |journal=Social Psychology Quarterly |date=June 2014 |volume=77 |issue=2 |pages=100–122 |doi=10.1177/0190272514521220 |s2cid=12935534 }}</ref>

Internalized [[ableism]] is often a result of relentless pathologization and lack of or inadequate support disabled people face on a daily basis. The fact the medical establishment is a significant factor that causes and contributes to interalized ableism with frameworks such as the pathology paradigm mean that disabled people trying to enact emancipatory change and self-identify are often deemed as "anti-science" by individuals and institutions which subscribe to [[scientism]].{{Citation needed|date=February 2024}} 
       
Internalized oppression may also exist among [[Immigration|immigrants]], and based on the [[transgenerational trauma]], it may affect their descendants as well. When the host community devalues a foreigner's [[Ethnic group|ethnic]] origin, native language or culture, the immigrant may feel inferior. Prolonged exposure to such devaluation can lead to the well-known [[inferiority complex]] among the oppressed. Immigrants who adapt to this environment, according to the psychology of oppression, may adopt the oppressor's guidelines and prohibitions, assimilate their image and social behaviors, and become agents of their own and their community's oppression. This is often characterized by [[self-hatred]], which manifests itself in an exaggerated [[conformity]] to dominant norms. To cope, an immigrant may either [[Cultural assimilation|assimilate]] and [[Acculturation|acculturate]] or develop a [[Nero]] complex.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Van den Berghe|first1=Pierre L.|title=The Ethnic Phenomenon|date=1987|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=0275927091|page=258|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=esAA9Njteu0C|access-date=22 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hussein |first=Bulhan |title=Frantz Fanon and the Psychology of Oppression |publisher=Springer |isbn=9780306484384 |location=Springer US, Boston, MA |publication-date=May 31, 2004 |pages=125–126}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Memmi |first=Albert |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ee1TEf25qicC&pg=PA96 |title=The Colonizer and the Colonized |date=2013-07-04 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-03082-8 |language=en}}</ref>