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Internet privacy
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==Levels of privacy== Internet and [[digital privacy]] are viewed differently from traditional expectations of privacy. Internet privacy is primarily concerned with protecting user information. Law Professor [[Jerry Kang]] explains that the term privacy expresses space, decision, and information.<ref name="Kang-1998">{{Cite journal|last=Kang|first=Jerry|date=1998-01-01|title=Information Privacy in Cyberspace Transactions|jstor=1229286|journal=Stanford Law Review|volume=50|issue=4|pages=1193β1294|doi=10.2307/1229286}}</ref> In terms of space, individuals have an expectation that their physical spaces (e.g. homes, cars) not be intruded. Information privacy is in regard to the collection of user information from a variety of sources.<ref name="Kang-1998" /> In the [[United States]], the 1997 Information Infrastructure Task Force (IITF) created under [[President Clinton]] defined information privacy as "an individual's claim to control the terms under which personal information β information identifiable to the individual β is acquired, disclosed, and used."<ref>{{Cite journal |jstor = 1229286|title = Information Privacy in Cyberspace Transactions|last1 = Kang|first1 = Jerry|journal = Stanford Law Review|volume = 50|issue = 4|pages = 1193β1294|year = 1998|doi = 10.2307/1229286}}</ref> At the end of the 1990s, with the rise of the Internet, it became clear that governments, companies, and other organizations would need to abide by new rules to protect individuals' privacy. With the rise of the Internet and mobile networks, Internet privacy is a daily concern for users.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Turner |first=Brooke Auxier, Lee Rainie, Monica Anderson, Andrew Perrin, Madhu Kumar and Erica |date=2019-11-15 |title=Americans and Privacy: Concerned, Confused and Feeling Lack of Control Over Their Personal Information |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2019/11/15/americans-and-privacy-concerned-confused-and-feeling-lack-of-control-over-their-personal-information/ |access-date=2025-04-25 |website=Pew Research Center |language=en-US}}</ref> People with only a casual concern for Internet privacy do not need to achieve total [[anonymity]]. Internet users may protect their privacy through controlled disclosure of personal information. The revelation of [[IP address]]es, non-personally-identifiable [[profiling (information science)|profiling]], and similar information might become acceptable trade-offs for the convenience that users could otherwise lose using the workarounds needed to suppress such details rigorously. On the other hand, some people desire much stronger privacy. In that case, they may try to achieve ''Internet anonymity'' to ensure privacy β use of the Internet without giving any third parties the ability to link Internet activities to personally-identifiable information of the Internet user. In order to keep their information private, people need to be careful with what they submit and look at online. When filling out forms and buying merchandise, information is tracked and because it is not private, some companies send Internet users spam and advertising on similar products. There are also several governmental organizations that protect an individual's privacy and anonymity on the Internet, to a point. In an article presented by the [[Federal Trade Commission|FTC]], in October 2011, a number of pointers were brought to attention that help an individual Internet user avoid possible [[identity theft]] and other cyber-attacks. Preventing or limiting the usage of Social Security numbers online, being wary and respectful of emails including [[spam messages]], being mindful of personal financial details, creating and managing strong passwords, and intelligent web-browsing behaviours are recommended, among others.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://onguardonline.gov/blog/preventing-identity-theft-and-other-cyber-crimes|title=Preventing Identity Theft and Other Cyber Crimes|work=onguardonline.gov|access-date=2011-10-21|archive-date=2012-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330235520/http://onguardonline.gov/blog/preventing-identity-theft-and-other-cyber-crimes|url-status=dead}}</ref> Posting things on the Internet can be harmful or expose people to malicious attacks. Some information posted on the Internet persists for decades, depending on the terms of service, and [[privacy policies]] of particular services offered online. This can include comments written on blogs, pictures, and websites, such as [[Facebook]] and [[X (formerly Twitter)]]. Once it is posted, anyone can potentially find it and access it. Some employers may research potential employees by searching online for the details of their online behaviors, possibly affecting the outcome of the success of the candidate.<ref>[http://www.atg.wa.gov/InternetSafety/FamiliesAndEducators.aspx No Author. Washington State Office of the Attorney General. (2008). "Families and Educators: Information is Permanent".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005203739/http://www.atg.wa.gov/InternetSafety/FamiliesAndEducators.aspx |date=2011-10-05}}</ref>
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