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Interstate 65
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== Route description == {{lengths table|length_ref=<ref name=fhwa />}} |- | [[Interstate 65 in Alabama|AL]] | 366.22 | 590.63 |- | [[Interstate 65 in Tennessee|TN]] | 121.71 | 195.87 |- | [[Interstate 65 in Kentucky|KY]] | 137.32 | 221.00 |- | [[Interstate 65 in Indiana|IN]] | 261.27 | 420.47 |- | '''Total''' | 887.30 | 1427.97 |} === Alabama === {{Main|Interstate 65 in Alabama}} [[File:I20I59Birmingham.JPG|left|thumb|Approaching an exit for I-65 in downtown Birmingham]] In Alabama, I-65 passes through or near four major metropolitan areas: [[Mobile, Alabama|Mobile]], [[Montgomery, Alabama|Montgomery]], [[Birmingham, Alabama|Birmingham]], and [[Huntsville, Alabama|Huntsville]]. I-65 begins its path northward in Mobile at its junction with [[Interstate 10|I-10]]. From I-10, I-65 runs west of downtown Mobile and through the northern suburbs of the city before turning northeast towards Montgomery. In Montgomery, I-65 connects with the southern end of [[Interstate 85|I-85]]. In the Birmingham suburbs, I-65 has an [[highway interchange|interchange]] with [[Interstate 459|I-459]] and another interchange in the city at [[Interstate 20|I-20]]/[[Interstate 59|I-59]]. North of downtown, [[Interstate 22|I-22]] branches off I-65 toward [[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis]]. From Birmingham, I-65 continues north, crossing the [[Tennessee River]] near [[Decatur, Alabama|Decatur]]. A few miles north of the river, it intersects [[Interstate 565|I-565]], a short [[spur route]] which provides access to Huntsville. It then continues north out of the [[Tennessee Valley]] to [[Tennessee]] toward [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville]]. === Tennessee === {{Main|Interstate 65 in Tennessee}} [[File:I-65 Southbound in Nashville.JPG|right|thumb|I-65 southbound in [[Nashville]]]] I-65 enters Tennessee from the south near the town of [[Ardmore, Tennessee|Ardmore]] and passes through mostly rural territory for {{convert|65|mi|km}}. It then passes [[Lewisburg, Tennessee|Lewisburg]]. Then it passes close to [[Columbia, Tennessee|Columbia]] and crosses [[Tennessee State Route 396|Saturn Parkway]], which brings travelers to the town of [[Spring Hill, Tennessee|Spring Hill]]. I-65 then continues on to reach [[Interstate 840 (Tennessee)|I-840]] and progresses until it intersects [[Tennessee State Route 96|State Route 96]] (SR 96) at [[Franklin, Tennessee|Franklin]]. Then the highway goes through [[Brentwood, Tennessee|Brentwood]], and enters [[Nashville]], where it first interchanges with [[Interstate 440 (Tennessee)|I-440]]. It then has brief concurrences with [[Interstate 40 in Tennessee|I-40]] and [[Interstate 24 in Tennessee|I-24]] near downtown Nashville. The freeway then meets [[Tennessee State Route 155|State Route 155]] (SR 155, Briley Parkway), and after passing through [[Madison, Tennessee|Madison]], meets [[Tennessee State Route 386|SR 386]] (Vietnam Veterans Boulevard) in [[Goodlettsville, Tennessee|Goodlettsville]]. The freeway then passes through [[Millersville, Tennessee|Millersville]] and [[White House, Tennessee|White House]], and then, close to [[Portland, Tennessee|Portland]], crosses into [[Kentucky]]. === Kentucky === {{Main|Interstate 65 in Kentucky}} [[File:Interstate 65 exit for Interstate 265 and Kentucky Route 9007.jpg|left|thumb|I-65 northbound near the [[Interstate 165 (Kentucky)|I-165]] interchange in [[Bowling Green, Kentucky]]]] I-65 enters the state {{convert|5|mi|km|spell=in}} south of [[Franklin, Kentucky|Franklin]]. Throughout its length, it passes near [[Mammoth Cave National Park]], [[Bernheim Arboretum and Research Forest]], the [[National Corvette Museum]], and [[Fort Knox]]. The first major intersection in the state is with [[Interstate 165 (Kentucky)|I-165]] (former Natcher Parkway) at [[Bowling Green, Kentucky|Bowling Green]]. I-65 has intersections with three of the [[List of Parkways and named roads in Kentucky|parkways]] in the state. The first major junction is with the [[Cumberland Parkway]] near Rocky Hill. At [[Elizabethtown, Kentucky|Elizabethtown]], it has two more parkway interchanges with the [[Wendell H. Ford Western Kentucky Parkway]] and the [[Martha Layne Collins Bluegrass Parkway]]. I-65 also has interchanges with [[Interstate 265|I-265]], [[Interstate 264 (Kentucky)|I-264]], [[Interstate 64|I-64]], and [[Interstate 71|I-71]]. The widest stretch of I-65 in its entirety is in Louisville at [[Kentucky Route 1065]] (KY 1065, Outer Loop), where the main line is 14 lanes wide. The highway crosses the [[Ohio River]] into Indiana on a toll bridge. The southbound side is called the [[John F. Kennedy Memorial Bridge]] (southbound) and the northbound side is called the [[Abraham Lincoln Bridge]]. The latter bridge opened in October 2016 as part of the [[Ohio River Bridges Project]]. Prior to the project, the John F. Kennedy Memorial Bridge (completed in 1963) carried traffic in both directions. The project also included reconstruction of the [[Kennedy Interchange|I-65/I-64/I-71 convergence interchange]] just south of the Kennedy Bridge, as well as renovating the older span to carry six lanes of southbound traffic. Additionally, a second six-lane cable-stayed bridge {{convert|12|mi|km}} upstream on the Ohio River, the [[Lewis and Clark Bridge (Ohio River)|Lewis and Clark Bridge]], was built as part of the project, opening in December 2016 to complete the I-265 loop around Louisville. At one time, the {{Convert|65|mi|km|adj=on}} stretch of I-65 from Louisville to Elizabethtown was a toll road, called the [[Interstate 65 in Kentucky#Kentucky Turnpike|Kentucky Turnpike]]. The bonds that financed the road have been paid off, and tolls are no longer collected. All signs of the former turnpike have been removed. On November 15, 2006, the stretch of I-65 from Bowling Green to Louisville was renamed the [[Abraham Lincoln]] Memorial Expressway. On February 12, 2007, a bill passed the [[Kentucky Senate]] to rename I-65 in [[Jefferson County, Kentucky|Jefferson County]] the [[Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.]] Expressway.<ref>{{cite news |work= The Courier-Journal |location= Louisville, KY |date=February 13, 2007 |last=Gerth |first=Joseph |title=Senate OKs renaming I-65 for King}}</ref> Signs were posted July 25, 2007.<ref>{{cite news |work= The Courier-Journal |location= Louisville, KY |date= July 25, 2007 |last= Shafer |first= Sheldon S. |title= Mayor, Democrats back I-65 King plan |url= http://www.courier-journal.com/article/20070125/NEWS01/701250404/Mayor-Democrats-back-I-65-King-plan |access-date=July 30, 2007}}</ref> On July 15, 2007, Kentucky highway officials raised the speed limits on most Interstate and state parkway highways to {{convert|70|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. Prior to that, Kentucky was the only state along I-65 that had a maximum speed limit of {{convert|65|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. === Indiana === {{Main|Interstate 65 in Indiana}} [[File:I-65 in Indianapolis.jpg|thumb|right|I-65 just outside [[Indianapolis, Indiana]]]] [[File:Northern terminus of I-65.jpg|thumb|Approaching the northern terminus of I-65 in [[Gary, Indiana]]]] I-65 enters Indiana at [[Jeffersonville, Indiana|Jeffersonville]] and [[Clarksville, Indiana|Clarksville]]. Miles 0β9 were rebuilt, widened, and realigned from north of Sellersburg to the Ohio River during 2008β2010, giving great traffic relief to the fast-growing Indiana suburbs of Louisville. Over 300,000 of the 1.5 million people in Louisville's CMSA live in its Indiana counties. A section of I-65 in [[Downtown Indianapolis]] runs concurrently with [[Interstate 70|I-70]]. The junctions are often referred to as the "North Split" and the "South Split", forming a section of Interstate locally known as the "Inner Loop" or "The Spaghetti Bowl" due to the visual complexity of the intersecting ramps and overpasses. In mid-March 2007, a {{convert|6|mi|km|adj=on|spell=in}} section of I-70 from the North Split to [[Interstate 465|I-465]] east of downtown was restricted to automobiles only for the "Super 70" project, a massive rebuild and expansion of that freeway.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.in.gov/dot/div/projects/i70/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071029041051/http://www.in.gov/dot/div/projects/i70/index.html |title=Super 70 |archive-date=October 29, 2007 |work=in.gov}}</ref> Trucks over {{convert|13|ST|t}} were forced to divert through I-65 if coming from the north and use the circular I-465 to the south to reconnect to I-70 eastbound. Westbound traffic from I-70 was required to loop north or south along I-465 to get to I-65 or I-70. The Super 70 project was completed in November 2007. In mid-2003, the portion of I-65 that runs concurrently with I-70 was closed to all traffic due to the "HyperFix" project. During that time, a new concrete surface was installed and the overpasses were upgraded. In 1999, the {{convert|25|mi|km|adj=on}} segment of I-65 between the two I-465 interchanges was renamed the [[Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds]] Highway. North of [[Lafayette, Indiana|Lafayette]] near [[Brookston, Indiana|Brookston]], the road passes through the [[Meadow Lake Wind Farm]] for several miles, with the turbines and standards spaced out in order to avoid a collapse onto the highway. The [[Fowler Ridge Wind Farm]] is also visible on both sides of the highway. From its crossing into [[Lake County, Indiana|Lake County]] over the Kankakee River to its northern terminus, the highway is known as the [[Casimir Pulaski]] Memorial Highway. Prior to 2004, the northern terminus of I-65 was only {{convert|0.125|mi|km}} north of the [[Indiana Toll Road]] ([[Interstate 90|I-90]]). Traffic going from I-90 to I-65 had to stop at a traffic signal to make a left turn. Traffic from I-65 to I-90 bypassed the traffic signal via an isolated right-turn lane. In 2004, the interchange was fully grade-separated, so it is now one interchange involving I-65, I-90, US 12, and US 20, thereby eliminating a [[Interstate Gaps#Connection gaps|connection gap]] in the [[Interstate Highway System]].
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