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Irnerius
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== Life == He was born in [[Bologna]] about 1050. At the urging of Countess [[Matilda of Tuscany]] he began to devote himself to the study of [[jurisprudence]], taking the [[Justinian code]] as a guide. After teaching jurisprudence for a short while in Rome he returned to Bologna, where he founded a new school of jurisprudence in 1084 or 1088, which would rival the law school of Ravenna. Some jurisprudence had been taught at Bologna, before Irnerius founded his school, by [[Pepo (jurist)|Pepo]] and a few others, and a tradition of jurisprudence had developed at [[Pavia]] since the mid-ninth century.<ref>The emergent role of Pavia put forward by Charles M. Radding, ''The Origins of Medieval Jurisprudence: Pavia and Bologna, 850β1150''(Yale University Press, 1988) was considered to be overstated by most reviewers.</ref> He introduced the custom of explaining the Roman law by means of glosses, which originally were meagre interlinear elucidations of the text. But since the glosses were often too extensive to be inserted between the lines of the text, he began to write them on the margin of the page, thus being the first to introduce the marginal glosses which afterwards came into general use. [[Image:Decretals glossa.jpg|thumb|Decretals with Glossa ordinaria]] After the death of [[Pope Paschal II]], he defended the rights of [[Emperor Henry V]] in the papal election and upheld the legality of the election of the imperial [[antipope Gregory VIII]]. After 1116 he appears to have held some office under the emperor.<ref name=EB1911/> He died, perhaps during the reign of the emperor [[Lothair II, Holy Roman Emperor|Lothair II]], but certainly before 1140.<ref name=EB1911/>
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