Editing Ivory gull (section)

==Taxonomy==
The ivory gull was initially described by [[Constantine Phipps, 2nd Baron Mulgrave]] in 1774 as ''Larus eburneus'' from a specimen collected on [[Spitsbergen]] during his [[1773 Phipps expedition towards the North Pole|1773 expedition towards the North Pole]].<ref name = "BNASystematics">{{cite web | last1 = Mallory | first1 = Mark L.| first2 = Iain J. | last2 = Stenhouse | first3 = Grant | last3 = Gilchrist | first4 = Gregory | last4 = Robertson, J. | first5 = Christopher | last5 = Haney | first6 = Stewart D. | last6 = Macdonald | title =Ivory Gull: Systematics | work = The Birds of North America Online | publisher = Cornell Lab of Ornithology | year = 2008 | url = http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/175/articles/systematics| access-date =2010-11-16 }}{{subscription required}}</ref> [[Johann Jakob Kaup]] later noted the unique traits of the ivory gull and gave it a monotypic genus ''Pagophila'' in 1829.<ref name = "BNASystematics"/> [[Johan Ernst Gunnerus]] later gave the species a new specific name, ''Pagophila alba''.<ref name = "BNASystematics"/>{{dubious|Gunnerus died much earlier.|date=July 2012}} The genus name ''Pagophila'' is from  [[Ancient Greek]] ''pagos'', "sea-ice", and ''philos'', "-loving", and specific ''eburnea'' is [[Latin]] for "ivory-coloured", from ''ebur'', "ivory".<ref name=job>{{cite book | last= Jobling | first= James A | year= 2010| title= The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | url= https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling | publisher= Christopher Helm | location = London | isbn = 978-1-4081-2501-4 | pages= [https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling/page/n143 143], 288}}</ref> Today only a few authors consider the ivory gull not deserving of its monotypic genus, instead choosing to merge it, along with the other monotypic gulls, back into ''Larus''.<ref name = "BNASystematics"/> However, most authors have not chosen to do so. The ivory gull has no subspecies.<ref name = "BNASystematics"/> No fossil members of this genus are known.<ref name = "BNADistribution">{{cite web | last1 = Mallory | first1 = Mark L. | first2 = Iain J. | last2 = Stenhouse | first3 = Grant | last3 = Gilchrist | first4 = Gregory | last4 = Robertson, J. | first5 = Christopher | last5 = Haney | first6 = Stewart D. | last6 = Macdonald | title =Ivory Gull: Distribution | work = The Birds of North America Online | publisher = Cornell Lab of Ornithology | year = 2008 | url = http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/175/articles/distribution| access-date =2010-11-18 }} {{subscription required}}</ref>

This gull has traditionally been believed to be most closely related to either the [[kittiwake]]s, [[Sabine's gull]], or [[Ross's gull]].<ref name = "BNASystematics"/> It differs anatomically from the other genera by having a relatively short [[tarsometatarsus]], a narrower [[os pubis]], and potentially more flexibility in skull kinetic structure.<ref name = "BNASystematics"/> Structurally, it is most similar to the kittiwakes; however, recent genetic analysis based on [[mtDNA]] sequences shows that Sabine's gull is the ivory gull's closest relative, followed by the kittiwakes, with Ross's gull, [[little gull]], and [[swallow-tailed gull]] sharing a [[clade]] with this group.<ref name="Černý">{{cite journal | last=Černý | first=David | last2=Natale | first2=Rossy | title=Comprehensive taxon sampling and vetted fossils help clarify the time tree of shorebirds (Aves, Charadriiformes) | journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume=177 | date=2022 | doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107620 | doi-access=free | page=107620 | url=https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2021/07/16/2021.07.15.452585.full.pdf | access-date=2025-05-02}}</ref><ref name = "BNASystematics"/><ref name=pons>{{cite journal | last1=Pons | first1=J.-M. | last2=Hassanin | first2=A. | last3=Crochet | first3=P.-A. | year=2005 | title=Phylogenetic relationships within the ''Laridae'' (Charadriiformes: ''Aves'') inferred from mitochondrial markers | journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume=37 | issue=3 | pages=686–699 | doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2005.05.011 | url=http://isyeb.mnhn.fr/IMG/pdf/5_Pons_J.-M._Hassanin_A._Crochet_P.-A._2005.pdf | pmid=16054399 | bibcode=2005MolPE..37..686P | access-date=2014-11-22 | archive-date=2017-08-09 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809003643/http://isyeb.mnhn.fr/IMG/pdf/5_Pons_J.-M._Hassanin_A._Crochet_P.-A._2005.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref> ''Pagophila'' is maintained as a unique genus because of the bird's morphological, behavioural and ecological differences from these species.<ref name = "BNASystematics"/>

Colloquial names from Newfoundland include slob gull (from "slob", a local name for drift ice) and ice partridge, from a vague resemblance to a [[ptarmigan]].<ref>{{cite journal | title=Bird Names Connected with Weather, Seasons, and Hours  |first=W. L. |last=McAtee | journal=American Speech |volume= 26|issue= 4 |year= 1951|pages= 268–278 | doi=10.2307/453005|jstor=453005 }}</ref>