Editing JUPAS (section)

==History==
Before the introduction of the Joint University Programmes Admissions System (JUPAS) in 1990, tertiary education institutions in Hong Kong had independent admission processes, and students had to take one of two separate entrance examinations. The [[Hong Kong Advanced Level Examination]] (HKALE), designed for a three-year tertiary education curriculum, was primarily used by the [[University of Hong Kong]] (HKU). Meanwhile, the [[Hong Kong Higher Level Examination]] (HKHLE), designed for a four-year tertiary education curriculum, was mainly used by [[The Chinese University of Hong Kong]] (CUHK).

To reduce students' pressure from managing two different examinations and admission procedures, the [[University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)|University Grants Committee]] (UGC) established JUPAS to centralise the admissions processes of five institutions: HKU, CUHK, [[City University of Hong Kong|City Polytechnic of Hong Kong]], [[The Hong Kong Polytechnic University|The Hong Kong Polytechnic Institute]], and [[Hong Kong Baptist University]]. The UGC also designated the HKALE as the standardised benchmark examination, leading to the discontinuation of the HKHLE in 1992, two years after JUPAS was introduced.

Institutions established after JUPAS was launched and directly under the UGC, including the [[Hong Kong University of Science and Technology]] (HKUST), [[The Hong Kong Institute of Education]] (now The Education University of Hong Kong), and [[Lingnan University (Hong Kong)|Lingnan University]], joined the scheme in 1991, 1996, and 1999, respectively.

As an alternative for students who wished to pursue undergraduate education but faced challenges due to JUPAS’s high competitiveness, all government-funded sub-degree programmes offered by JUPAS member institutions were incorporated into the system from the 2000 admission cycle.

In the 2006 admission cycle, the [[Open University of Hong Kong]] (now Hong Kong Metropolitan University), which offered self-financed degree programmes, also joined JUPAS. The [[Hong Kong Shue Yan University]] was invited to participate but declined, opting to maintain an independent admissions process.{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}
<!-- However, since 2005, the latter started converting all their government-funded Associate Degrees programmes to self-financed one, which are managed by a community college owned by the university. The government-funded Associate Degrees are expected to be cancelled in 2008, but this was pushed back to 2009 admissions. Instead, in 2009 admissions, The Hong Kong Institute of Education has established their own Higher diploma programmes in JUPAS.<ref>JUPAS Guide 2008, published by JUPAS</ref><ref>[http://www.edb.gov.hk/FileManager/TC/Content_2174/c_cb(2)1403_04-05(01).pdf EMB's report towards the Funded Associate Degrees' in City University of Hong Kong.]</ref>-->

As part of [[334 Scheme|Hong Kong’s education reform]], the HKALE was phased out in 2012, though retakes were allowed in 2013. It was replaced by the [[Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education]] (HKDSE), which became the new standard university entrance examination. The UGC continued to adopt JUPAS as the admissions system for its member institutions, and in the 2011 admission cycle, JUPAS began accepting applications from students taking the HKDSE.