Editing Jack in the Box (section)

==History==
{{More citations needed|section|date=December 2024}}
[[Robert O. Peterson]] already owned several successful restaurants when he opened Topsy's Drive-In at 6270 El Cajon Boulevard in San Diego in 1941. Several more Topsy's were opened. By the late 1940s, Peterson's locations had developed a circus-like décor featuring drawings of a starry-eyed clown.
In 1947, Peterson obtained rights for the intercom ordering concept from George Manos who owned one location named Chatterbox in [[Anchorage, Alaska]], the first known location to use the intercom concept for drive-up windows.
In 1951, Peterson converted the El Cajon Boulevard location into Jack in the Box, a hamburger stand focused on drive-through service.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jackintheboxinc.com/company/history |title=History |work=Jack in the Box |access-date=February 8, 2013 |date=<!--undated--> |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130208024755/http://www.jackintheboxinc.com/company/history |archive-date=February 8, 2013}}</ref> While the drive-through concept was not new, Jack in the Box innovated a two-way intercom system, the first major chain to use an intercom and the first to focus on drive-through.<ref>{{cite book |last=Langdon |first=Philip |title=Orange Roofs, Golden Arches: The architecture of American chain restaurants |page=[https://archive.org/details/orangeroofsgolde00lang/page/104 104] |publisher=Knopf |date=1986 |isbn=978-0-394-54401-4 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/orangeroofsgolde00lang/page/104 }}</ref>

The intercom allowed much faster service than a traditional drive-up window; while one customer was being served at the window, a second and even a third customer's order could be taken and prepared. A giant clown projected from the roof, and a smaller clown head sat atop the intercom, where a sign said, "Pull forward, Jack will speak to you." The Jack in the Box restaurant was conceived as a "modern food machine," designed by La Jolla, California, master architect Russell Forester.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.parks.ca.gov/pages/1067/files/Peterson%20Residence.pdf |publisher=California Department of Parks and Recreation |title=The Robert O. Peterson - Russell Forester Residence |date=July 2009 |first=Jaye E. |last=Furlonger}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.modernsandiego.com/people/russell-forester |title=Russell Isley Forester |publisher=Modern San Diego |access-date=June 14, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://oma-online.org/past_exhibitions2016/forester/ |title=Space, Structure, Light: The Art Of Russell Forester |publisher=Oceanside Museum of Art |access-date=June 14, 2019}}</ref> Quick service made the new location very popular, and soon all of Oscar's locations were redesigned with intercoms and rechristened Jack in the Box restaurants.

Peterson formed Foodmaker, Inc. as a holding company for Jack in the Box in 1960. At this time, all Jack in the Box locations—over 180, mainly in California and the Southwest—were company-owned. Location sites, food preparation, quality control, and the hiring and training of on-site managers and staff in each location were subject to rigorous screening and strict performance standards.

In 1968, Peterson sold Foodmaker to [[Ralston Purina]] Company. In the 1970s, Foodmaker led the Jack in the Box chain toward its most prolific growth (television commercials in the early 1970s featured child actor [[Rodney Allen Rippy]]) and began to franchise locations. The chain began to increasingly resemble its larger competitors, particularly industry giant McDonald's. Jack in the Box began to struggle in the latter part of the decade; its expansion into East Coast markets was cut back, then halted. By the end of the decade, Jack in the Box restaurants were sold in increasing numbers.

Around 1980, Foodmaker dramatically altered Jack in the Box's marketing strategy by literally blowing up the chain's symbol, the [[jack-in-the-box]], in television commercials with the tagline, "The food is better at the Box".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRqJjzLWA6Y | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211118/BRqJjzLWA6Y| archive-date=November 18, 2021 | url-status=live|title=Jack In The Box 1980 |publisher=YouTube |date=August 10, 2007 |access-date=November 6, 2012 |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Jack in the Box announced that it would no longer compete for McDonald's target customer base of families with young children. Instead, Foodmaker targeted older, more affluent "[[yuppie]]" customers with a higher-quality, more upscale menu and a series of whimsical television commercials featuring [[Dan Gilvezan]], who attempted to compare the new menu items to those of McDonald's and other fast-food chains, to no avail; hence "There's No Comparison", their slogan at the time. Jack in the Box restaurants were remodeled and redecorated with decorator pastel colors and hanging plants; the logo, containing a clown's head in a red box with the company name in red text to or below the box (signs in front of the restaurant displayed the clown's head only), was modified, stacking the words in a red diagonal box while still retaining the clown's head; by about 1981 or 1982, the clown's head was removed from the logo.

Television advertising from about 1985 onward featured minimalistic music by a small chamber-like ensemble (specifically a distinctive seven-note plucked musical signature). The menu, previously focused on hamburgers led by the flagship Jumbo Jack, became much more diverse, including salads, chicken sandwiches, finger foods, and seasoned [[Curly Fries]] (at least two new menu items were introduced per year), at a time when few fast-food operations offered more than standard hamburgers. Annual sales increased through the 1980s. Ralston Purina tried further to mature the restaurant's image, renaming it "Monterey Jack's" in late 1985. The name change was poorly received, and the Jack in the Box name was restored in early 1986.

After 18 years, Ralston Purina decided in 1985 that Foodmaker was a noncore asset and sold it to management. By 1987, sales reached $655 million, the chain boasted 897 restaurants, and Foodmaker became a publicly traded company.

At their annual meeting in July 2018, the National Jack in the Box Franchisee Association, which represented the owners of about 2,000 of the chain's 2,240 restaurants, voted "no confidence" in the company's chief executive officer, Leonard "Lenny" Comma, and called for him to resign.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/losangeles/news/2018/10/09/jack-in-the-box-franchisees-call-for-ceo-s.html|title=Jack in the Box franchisees call for CEO's resignation|last=Chen|first=I-Chun|date=October 9, 2018|work=Bizjournals|access-date=December 13, 2019}}</ref> In December 2019, Comma said he would be stepping down.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://sdbj.com/news/2019/dec/12/jack-boxs-lenny-comma-resigns/|title=Jack in the Box's Lenny Comma Resigns|last=Concepcion|first=Mariel|date=December 12, 2019|work=San Diego Business Journal|access-date=December 13, 2019}}</ref>

On December 6, 2021, Jack in the Box announced that it was acquiring [[Del Taco]] for $12.51 per share. Del Taco had about 600 locations in 16 U.S. states. The acquisition was finalized in March 2022.<ref name=CNBC>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/12/06/jack-in-the-box-buys-del-taco-in-575-million-deal.html|title=Jack in the Box buys Del Taco in $575 million deal|first1=Amelia|last1=Lucas|publisher=[[CNBC]]|date=December 6, 2021|access-date=December 18, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 8, 2022 |title=It's official: Jack in the Box Inc. now owns Del Taco |url=https://www.nrn.com/quick-service/it-s-official-jack-box-inc-now-owns-del-taco |access-date=June 14, 2022 |website=Nation's Restaurant News |language=en}}</ref>

=== JBX Grill ===
JBX Grill was a line of [[fast casual restaurant]]s introduced in 2004 by Jack in the Box Inc. They featured high-quality, cafe-style food, avoiding most of the cheaper fast-food items typically served at Jack in the Box. The architecture and decor maintained an upbeat, positive atmosphere, and the customer service was comparable to most dine-in restaurants. Two of the Jack in the Box restaurants in San Diego (where Jack in the Box is headquartered) were converted to JBX Grill restaurants to test the concept. (The locations in Hillcrest and Pacific Beach still retain many of the JBX elements, including an indoor/outdoor fireplace and modern architecture.) Also, restaurants were located in Bakersfield, California; Boise, Idaho; and Nampa, Idaho, but the concept later proved unsuccessful, and the last stores were reconverted to Jack in the Box in 2006.