Editing Jacques Arcadelt (section)

==Life==
Arcadelt was born in [[Namur]] in the [[Habsburg Netherlands]] on 10 August 1507.<ref name="MGG">{{cite encyclopedia |last=Schmidt-Beste |first=Thomas |entry=Arcadelt, Jacques |entry-url=https://www.mgg-online.com/article?id=mgg00544&v=1.1&rs=mgg00544 |encyclopedia=[[Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart]] |volume = P1 |publisher=[[Bärenreiter]] |isbn=3-7618-1111-X |language=de }}</ref> He moved to Italy as a young man, and was present in Florence by the late 1520s, thereby gaining an opportunity to meet or work with [[Philippe Verdelot]], who wrote the earliest named madrigals.<ref name="Grove"/> In 1538,  or immediately before, he moved to Rome where he obtained an appointment with the papal [[choir]] at St. Peter's Basilica; many composers from the Netherlands served as singers there throughout this period, and it is even possible that he went to Rome before coming to Florence.<ref>Perkins, Leeman L. Music in the Age of the Renaissance. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1999. p. 671.</ref> Still in Rome, in January 1539, he was probably made a member of the [[Cappella Giulia|Julian Chapel]] (the records give his name as "Jacobus flandrus", suggesting a Flemish origin, but it cannot be known with certainty if this record refers to Arcadelt).<ref name="Grove"/> After some months there, he became a member of the [[Sistine Chapel Choir|Sistine Chapel]], where he was appointed ''magister puerorum''. The same year saw the publication of no fewer than four books of his madrigals.<ref>Reese, Gustave. Music in the Renaissance. New York: Norton & Company Inc., 1959. p. 321.</ref> The first of these collections, ''Il primo libro di madrigali,'' went through 45 editions, becoming the most widely reprinted collection of madrigals of the time.<ref name="Perkins 1999, p. 671">Perkins 1999, p. 671.</ref>
[[File:Michelangelo Caravaggio 020.jpg|thumb|[[The Lute Player (Caravaggio)|The Lute Player]], by [[Caravaggio]]; the performer is reading music by Arcadelt.]]
Arcadelt remained in Rome as a singer and composer at the Sistine Chapel until 1551, except for one leave of absence to visit France in 1547. During this period, probably in early 1542, he made the acquaintance of [[Michelangelo]], but his madrigalian settings of two of the artist's sonnets were received with indifference; indeed, from Michelangelo's letters on the topic, he probably considered himself unmusical and incapable of appreciating Arcadelt's work. Michelangelo paid Arcadelt with a piece of satin suitable for making into a [[doublet (clothing)|doublet]].<ref>Einstein, Vol. I pp. 161–162</ref><!-- continue repair from this point -->

Arcadelt wrote over 200 madrigals before he left Italy in 1551 to return to France, where he spent the remainder of his life; his numerous chansons date from this and subsequent years.<ref name="Perkins 1999, p. 671"/> In 1557 he published a book of masses, dedicated to his new employer, Charles de Guise, Cardinal of Lorraine (Arcadelt was ''maître de chapelle'', i.e. choirmaster for him). In this publication he was mentioned as a member of the royal chapel, and therefore must have served both [[Henry II of France|Henry II]] (died 1559) and [[Charles IX of France|Charles IX]] during this late phase of his career. In Paris he employed the publishing house of Le Roy and Ballard, who printed his abundant chansons, masses and motets just as the Venetian printers had earlier printed his madrigals.<ref name="Grove"/>

Arcadelt died in Paris on 14 October 1568.<ref name="MGG" />

[[François Rabelais]] immortalized Arcadelt in the introduction to Book IV of ''[[Gargantua and Pantagruel]]'', where he includes the musician between [[Clément Janequin]] and [[Claudin de Sermisy]] as part of a choir singing a ribald song, in which [[Priapus]] boasts to the gods on [[Mount Olympus]] of his method of using a mallet to deflower a new bride.<ref>Einstein, Vol. I p. 162</ref><ref>Rabelais, ''Gargantua and Pantagruel'', pp. 445–446</ref>