Editing Jakub Berman (section)

==Early career==

Jakub Berman was born into a middle-class [[Jewish]] family in [[Warsaw]] on 23 December 1901. His younger brother was [[Adolf Berman]]. Jakub became a member of the Communist Youth Union and in 1928 joined the [[Communist Party of Poland]] (KPP).<ref name="hoover"/> He was arrested a few times, but unlike many other activists, had not been imprisoned for a prolonged period.<ref name="Jestem córką Jakuba 27">Lucyna Tychowa and Andrzej Romanowski, ''Tak, jestem córką Jakuba Bermana'' [Yes, I'm the Daughter of Jakub Berman], p. 27. UNIVERSITAS, Kraków 2016, {{ISBN|97883-242-3013-6}}.</ref> He received a [[law degree]] in 1925 from the [[University of Warsaw]].<ref name="hoover">[http://www.hoover.org/library-and-archives/acquisitions/28981  "Jakub Berman’s Papers Received at the Hoover Institution Archives"], {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101130192558/http://www.hoover.org/library-and-archives/acquisitions/28981 |date=2010-11-30 }} [[Stanford University]] [[Hoover Institution]], August 11, 2008</ref> He wrote a [[Magister degree|magister]] [[thesis]] entitled ''Służba domowa w Warszawie w końcu w. XVIII oraz próby jej zrzeszenia się zawodowego'' ('Domestic servantry in Warsaw at the end of the 18th century and its attempts to establish a trade association'). Berman's academic adviser, [[Marxism|Marxist]] sociologist Prof. [[Ludwik Krzywicki]], wanted to hire Berman at the university as his assistant, but this was not allowed because of Berman's Jewish origin. Krzywicki's efforts to find Berman a mainstream non-university job also failed and Berman ended up working for a Jewish agency, in a poorly paid position.<ref name="Jestem córką Jakuba 28–29">Lucyna Tychowa and Andrzej Romanowski, ''Tak, jestem córką Jakuba Bermana'' [Yes, I'm the Daughter of Jakub Berman], pp. 28–29.</ref><ref name="Jestem córką Jakuba 21"/> The family was supported largely by Berman's wife, Gustawa (''née'' Grynberg), who was a well-regarded physician and dentist.<ref name="Jestem córką Jakuba 21">Lucyna Tychowa and Andrzej Romanowski, ''Tak, jestem córką Jakuba Bermana'' [Yes, I'm the Daughter of Jakub Berman], p. 21.</ref>

Berman's social contacts in Warsaw included many communist sympathizing members of the Polish [[intelligentsia]]; [[Janina Broniewska|Janina]] and [[Władysław Broniewski]], as well as [[Wanda Wasilewska]], were among his associates.<ref name="Jestem córką Jakuba 45–51">Lucyna Tychowa and Andrzej Romanowski, ''Tak, jestem córką Jakuba Bermana'' [Yes, I'm the Daughter of Jakub Berman], pp. 45–51.</ref> Between 1935–36, he worked with [[Aleksander Wat]] (as his tutor on behalf of the KPP) in an attempt to establish a [[Left-wing politics|leftist]] periodical, with the intention of the cooperation of the communists with other leftist forces in Poland (mostly the [[Polish Socialist Party]] (PPS)), within the [[Popular front|Popular Front]].<ref name="Caviar and Ashes 108–109">[[Marci Shore]], Caviar and Ashes, pp. 108–109. [[Yale University Press]], New Haven, 2006. {{ISBN|978-0-300-14328-7}}.</ref>