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Janjevci
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==Identity and culture== The Janjevci, an ethnic Croat community, derive their name from their traditional community center, [[Janjevo]].<ref name=ProL/> It is believed that the community descends from migrating [[merchant]]s, [[miners]] and [[entrepreneurs]] from the [[Republic of Ragusa]] ([[Dubrovnik]] and its hinterland,<ref name=MIS>{{cite book|author1=Jan Briza|author2=Helsinki Committee for Human Rights in Serbia|title=Minorities in Serbia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JXdpAAAAMAAJ|year=2000|publisher=Helsinki Committee for Human Rights in Serbia|isbn=978-86-7208-025-4|page=48}}</ref> families Glasnović, Macukić, Ćibarić, Matić, Ivanović<ref name=MojaH/>), [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] (families Ivanović and Brkić)<ref name=MojaH/> and [[Kotor]]<ref name=HEJanj/><ref name=ProL/><ref name=HrvE/> who settled the area in the 14th century [[medieval Serbia]], The earliest written record of Catholics in Janjevo is a letter from Pope [[Benedict XI]], dated 1303, which mentions the Catholic parish of St. Nicholas with its center in Janjevo. Together with the [[Saxons]] from [[Saxony]], they worked in the Serbian mines.<ref name=MIS/> The Croatian population of [[Shasharë]] is believed to be of partial Saxon origin.<ref>{{cite book|author=Ger H. J. Duijzings|date=1999|url=https://pure.uva.nl/ws/files/1513620/108592_UBA003000255.pdf|title=''Religion and the politics of identity in Kosovo''|page=43|quote=Some Croats, especially those living in Šašare, are believed to be partially of Saxon origin.}}</ref> Stronger [[national awareness]] among Janjevci came in the 19th century thanks to the work of the [[Franciscan Province of Herzegovina|Herzegovinian Franciscan]] Franjo Brkić and the teacher Jakov Slišković, as well as during the [[interwar period]].<ref name=MojaH/> ===Folklore=== The [[Kosovo Albanians|Albanian]], [[Bulgarians|Bulgarian]], [[Serbs in Kosovo|Serbian]] and [[Turks of Kosovo|Turkish]] influences are visible in [[folk costume]]s, songs and [[oral tradition]].<ref name=MojaH/> ====Oral traditions==== Janjevci have several [[legend]]s related to the origin of Janjevo.<ref name=MojaH/> The first one describes how in the ''dilbokoj planini'' ("deep mountain"), after a general [[famine]], a sister and a brother lived alone, who did not know that they were related to the new Janjevo, while the second story mentions the terrible fate of people after the war and how they are the only ones Jana Palić "Nedokoljka" and one of the Glasnovićs are still alive; both stories are based on massive deaths and suffering during the Mongol invasion of the area.<ref name=MojaH/> ====Folk costume==== The costume of adult men consisted of a mixture of oriental and Bulgarian costumes: a ''[[šubara]]'' on the head, then a shirt, a ''čakšire'' (long [[trousers]] with a long tour and narrow legs that fasten on the sides), ''mintan'' or ''palta'' ([[coat]]). A belt was tied around the middle of the body, and ''kondure'' or ''jemenije'' ([[shoes]]) were put on the feet.<ref name=MojaH/> Women, on the contrary, kept the oriental costume influenced by the Ottomans. Married women wore a ''[[fez (hat)|fes]]'' or ''otos'' (a cloth cap sewn from [[velvet]]) on their head, and unmarried women wore a ''kucelj'' ([[braid]]) down their backs. A ''šamija'' (scarf) was also put on the head, woolen outside the house, and ordinary inside the house. On the upper part of the body, a ''mintan'' or ''mintanče'' ([[jacket]]) was worn, that is, a ''jelek'' or ''žamadan'' ([[vest]]), under which was a shirt with a [[lace]] collar. Women did not wear [[skirt]]s, but ''dimije'', over which a richly decorated ''bošča'' ([[apron]]) was draped, and the waist was tied with a ''kušak'' (belt). On working days, they wore ''nalunas'' (loafers), and when they went out of the house they put on ''jemenije'' (shoes) similar to civilian ones. Formal women's clothing was very expensive and colorful, so it was accompanied by appropriate [[jewelry]]: ''[[Ducat|dukati]]'', gold necklaces, ''đinđuves'' (pearl necklaces), ''curaće'' ([[earrings]]) and rings. Women's [[wedding]] clothing included, in addition to ''mintančet'', ''dimije'', shirts and a fez, a terlik (saffian shoes with ornaments), a ''duak'' (veil), earrings, a ring, two rows of ''rubije'' (Ducats) as head jewelry and one larger Ducat that went on forehead.<ref name=MojaH/> ===Language=== According to Croatian classification, they speak in Janjevo-Lepenica idiom, which belongs to Torlak dialect group.<ref name=MojaH/> The names for the parts of the day are borrowed from [[Turkish language|Turkish]]: ''saba'' ([[morning]]), ''ićindije'' ([[afternoon]] after [[sunset]]) and ''akšam'' ([[dusk]] after sunset).<ref name=MojaH/> Turkicisms are also ''belendzika'' (a thin oriental bracelet in a series of five to six), ''džam'' ([[glass]]), ''ćumbe'' ([[stove]]), ''tendžera'' ([[pottery|pot]]), ''duvar'' ([[wall]]).<ref name=MojaH/> From [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]] "chromid" they took ''chromit'' ([[onion]]).<ref name=MojaH/> Some family names are also Turkicisms: ''adža'' ([[uncle]], father's brother), ''balduza'' (wife's sister), ''teza'' (maternal [[aunt]]), ''badžanak'' (each of the [[husband]]s of two sisters in relation to each other) and Albanisms: ''tota'' ([[grandmother]]) and ''nana'' ([[mother]]).<ref name=MojaH/> ===Religion=== They have maintained their Catholic faith until today. Accordingng to the work of Croatian historian Đuro Arnold, the Janjevci have adopted the tradition of celebrating "Slava" - [[patron saint]] of the family (Arnold, 2013). Most of the families together celebrate [[Saint Nicholas]] (December 6 and May 9), [[Christmas]] and ''Veligdan'' (lit. "Great Day", [[Easter]])<ref name=MojaH/> along with [[Saint Sebastian]], [[Saint Anne]] and [[Anthony of Padua]]. According to the research of anthropologist Pero Lučin, on the evening before the main feast, traditional "''[[Pogača]]''" bread and a candle are blessed by a priest and used at the family gathering (Lučin, 2004). Family [[pilgrimage]]s are made in Letnica at the ''Gulem Gospođindan'' (lit. "Great Lady-day", [[Assumption of Mary]]), ''Mali Gospođindan'' (lit. "Small Lady-day", [[Birth of Mary]]), [[Our Lady of Mount Carmel]], St. Anne and in Pristina on the St. Anthony of Padua feastday.<ref name=MojaH/> Janjevci would go on a pilgrimage to Letnica for the feast of the Assumption since the feast of St. Ane, on [[July 26]], and they would stay there until [[August 19]], then the whole family life would move to Letnica, where they would stay in ''zagrađi'' ("enclosures", special buildings in a row with a common wall that closed in a circle). However, the central place in the piety of the Janjevci was occupied by the [[veneration]] of St. Nicholas, the patron saint of sailors and travelers, and such a connection of the people of Janjevo on land with this saint connected to the sea is considered as a connection with the Franciscan ancestors who arrived in Kosovo from the [[Adriatic coast]].<ref name=MojaH/> Since the Middle Ages, they have attended [[Festivity of Saint Blaise, the patron of Dubrovnik|Feast of St. Blaise in Dubrovnik]] and are regular members of the [[procession]] in which they are dressed in their folk costumes.<ref name=MojaH/> The community also celebrates [[Saint George's Day]] (known among Janjevci as ''Đurđevdan'')<ref name=MojaH/> - an important holiday, especially for teen Janjevci who would prepare a special celebration called "rifana", which lasted all night, where mischievous ''bećari'' (guys) tried to steal the prepared food from the girls they loved and cut the rope on the swings on which they were swinging.<ref name=MojaH/> The [[Catholic parish church|parish church]] celebrates its feast day on the day of [[Translation of the Relics of Saint Nicholas from Myra to Bari]] (May 9 in byzantine calendar) which is known among Janjevci as ''sveti Nikola ljetni'' (lit. "Summer St. Nicholas", also ''župna slava'' ("parish Slava") or ''dan župe'' ("parish day")). On the [[feast of St. John the Baptist]], they would burn straw that children jumped over, the custom was called ''kalavešnica'' and is connected to the pre-Christian celebration of the [[summer solstice]].<ref name=MojaH/>
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