Editing January 11 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
* [[532]] &ndash; [[Nika riots]] in [[Constantinople]]: A quarrel between supporters of different [[Chariot racing|chariot]] teams—the Blues and the Greens—in the [[Hippodrome of Constantinople|Hippodrome]] escalates into violence.<ref>{{cite book|author=Merry Ottin|title=Land of Emperors and Sultans: The Forgotten Cultures of Asia Minor|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rrkqAAAAMAAJ|year=1964|publisher=Crown Publishers|page=125}}</ref>
* [[630]] &ndash; [[Conquest of Mecca]]: [[Muhammad]] and his followers conquer the city, and the [[Quraysh]] association of clans surrenders.<ref>''Muhammad: Islam’s First Great General'', by Richard A. Gabriel, p.176.</ref>
* [[930]] &ndash; [[Sack of Mecca]] by the [[Qarmatians]].<ref>{{Das Reich des Mahdi|pages=229–230}}</ref>
*[[1055]] &ndash; [[Theodora III Porphyrogenita|Theodora]] is crowned empress of the [[Byzantine Empire]].<ref>{{citation |last= Norwich |first= John Julius |title =Byzantium: The Apogee | publisher=Penguin|location=London |year=1993 |isbn= 978-0-14-011448-5|pages=298–300}}</ref>
*[[1158]] &ndash; [[Vladislaus II, Duke of Bohemia]] becomes King of [[Kingdom of Bohemia|Bohemia]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Wihoda|first=Martin|translator-last=Millerová|translator-first=Kateřina|title=Vladislaus Henry: The Formation of Moravian Identity|location=Leiden|publisher=Brill|date=2015|isbn=9789004250499|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0aGXCgAAQBAJ|page=21}}</ref>
*[[1569]] &ndash; First recorded [[lottery]] in [[Kingdom of England|England]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bl.uk/learning/timeline/item102765.html|title=The First National Lottery|website=www.bl.uk|access-date=2021-01-10|archive-date=2016-01-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121143959/http://www.bl.uk/learning/timeline/item102765.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===1601–1900===
*[[1654]] &ndash; [[Arauco War]]: A Spanish army [[battle of Río Bueno|is defeated]] by local [[Huilliche people|Mapuche-Huilliches]] as it tries to cross [[Bueno River]] in [[Zona Sur|Southern Chile]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Historia general de Chile|last=Barros Arana|first=Diego|publisher=Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes|location=Alicante|url=http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra-visor/historia-general-de-chile-tomo-cuarto--0/html/ff2f1efc-82b1-11df-acc7-002185ce6064_69.html#I_15_|edition=Digital edition based on the second edition of 2000|volume=Tomo cuarto|language=es|chapter=Capítulo XIV|author-link=Diego Barros Arana|pages=346–347}}</ref>
*[[1759]] &ndash; The first American [[life insurance]] company, the Corporation for Relief of Poor and Distressed Presbyterian Ministers and of the Poor and Distressed Widows and Children of the Presbyterian Ministers (now part of [[Unum|Unum Group]]), is incorporated in [[Philadelphia|Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Two Hundred Years Old|work=The Weekly Underwriter|date=February 3, 1917|page=146|hdl=2027/uc1.c2605613?urlappend=%3Bseq=186|access-date=January 11, 2020|url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.c2605613?urlappend=%3Bseq=186}}</ref>
*[[1787]] &ndash; [[William Herschel]] [[Timeline of discovery of Solar System planets and their moons|discovers]] [[Titania (moon)|Titania]] and [[Oberon (moon)|Oberon]], two [[Moons of Uranus|moon]]s of [[Uranus]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Moore|first=Patrick|title=The Data Book of Astronomy|location=Bristol, U.K.|publisher=Institute of Physics Publishing|date=2000|isbn=9780750306201|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fDDpBwAAQBAJ|page=193}}</ref>
*[[1805]] &ndash; The [[Michigan Territory]] is created.<ref>{{cite book|author=Federal Writers Program|title=Michigan: A Guide to the Wolverine State|location=New York|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=1943|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3DKLhheZht0C|page=632|isbn=9781623760212}}</ref>
*[[1820]] &ndash; The [[Great Savannah Fire of 1820]] destroys over 400 buildings in [[Savannah, Georgia]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Coulter |first=E. Merton |author-link=E. Merton Coulter |date=March 1939 |title=The Great Savannah Fire of 1820 |journal=[[The Georgia Historical Quarterly]] |publisher=[[Georgia Historical Society]] |volume=XXIII |issue=1 |pages=1–27 |issn=2169-852X |jstor=40576606 |oclc=565102618}}</ref>
*[[1851]] &ndash; [[Taiping Rebellion]]: [[Hong Xiuquan]] proclaims the [[Taiping Heavenly Kingdom]], starting the [[Jintian Uprising]].<ref name="Fairbank2006">''[https://books.google.com/books?id=nBDC2cqb6I0C&pg=RA2-PA206 China: A New History]'', John King Fairbank and Merle Goldman. Harvard, 2006.</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Jian |first1=Youwen |title=The Taiping Revolutionary Movement |date=1973 |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven |page=65}}</ref>
*[[1861]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: [[Alabama]] secedes from the [[United States]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=William Morel Moxley|author2=Emily Moxley|title=Oh, What a Loansome Time I Had: The Civil War Letters of Major William Morel Moxley, Eighteenth Alabama Infantry, and Emily Beck Moxley|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pT1AAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA14|year=2002|publisher=University of Alabama Press|isbn=978-0-8173-1118-6|pages=14}}</ref>
*[[1863]] &ndash; American Civil War: The three-day [[Battle of Arkansas Post (1863)|Battle of Arkansas Post]] concludes as General [[John Alexander McClernand|John McClernand]] and Admiral [[David Dixon Porter]] capture Fort Hindman and secure control over the [[Arkansas River]] for the [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Christ|first=Mark K.|title=Civil War Arkansas, 1863: The Battle for a State|location=Norman, Okla.|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|date=2014|isbn=9780806144337|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jDoVtwDPuBsC|pages=64–80}}</ref><ref name="Jones 2011 xxxi">{{cite book|last=Jones|first=Terry L.|title=Historical Dictionary of the Civil War|location=Lanham, Md.|publisher=Scarecrow Press|date=2011|isbn=9780810879539|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ET6CDfczq9gC|page=xxxi}}</ref>
*  1863 &ndash; American Civil War: {{ship|CSS|Alabama}} [[Action off Galveston Light|encounters and sinks]] the {{USS|Hatteras|1861|6}} off Galveston Lighthouse in [[Texas]].<ref name="Jones 2011 xxxi"/>
*[[1879]] &ndash; The [[Anglo-Zulu War]] begins.<ref>{{cite book|last=Knight|first=Ian|title=Companion to the Anglo-Zulu War|location=Barnsley, South Yorkshire, U.K.|publisher=Pen & Sword Books|date=2008|isbn=9781844158010|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g1Z-AwAAQBAJ|page=ix}}</ref>

===1901–present===
*[[1908]] &ndash; [[Grand Canyon National Park|Grand Canyon National Monument]] is created.
*[[1912]] &ndash; Immigrant textile workers in [[Lawrence, Massachusetts]], [[1912 Lawrence Textile Strike|go on strike]] when wages are reduced in response to a mandated shortening of the work week.<ref>{{cite book|last=Poirier|first=Clarisse A.|chapter=The Committee of Ten: The Local Heroes Who Faced Lawrence's Mill Men and Won in 1912|title=The Great Lawrence Textile Strike of 1912: New Scholarship on the Bread and Roses Strike of 1912|editor1-last=Forrant|editor1-first=Robert|editor2-last=Siegenthaler|editor2-first=Jurg K.|location=Amityville, N.Y.|publisher=Baywood Publishing Co.|date=2014|isbn=9780895038616|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z_-nDQAAQBAJ|page=48}}</ref>
*[[1914]] &ndash; The [[HMCS Karluk|''Karluk'']], flagship of the [[Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913–1916|Canadian Arctic Expedition]], [[Last voyage of the Karluk|sinks after being crushed by ice]].<ref>{{cite book|author-link= Robert Bartlett (explorer)|last= Bartlett|first= Robert|author2=Ralph Hale |url= https://archive.org/details/lastvoyageofkarl00bartuoft|title= The Last Voyage of the ''Karluk''|publisher= McLelland, Goodchild and Stewart|location= Toronto|year= 1916 |pages=90&ndash;91}}</ref>
*[[1917]] &ndash; The [[Kingsland Explosion|Kingsland munitions factory explosion]] occurs as a result of [[sabotage]].
*[[1922]] &ndash; [[Leonard Thompson (diabetic)|Leonard Thompson]] becomes the first person to be injected with insulin.
*[[1923]] &ndash; [[Occupation of the Ruhr]]: Troops from [[France]] and [[Belgium]] occupy the [[Ruhr]] area to force [[Germany]] to make its [[World War I]] reparation payments.
*[[1927]] &ndash; [[Louis B. Mayer]], head of film studio [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]] (MGM), announces the creation of the [[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]], at a banquet in [[Los Angeles|Los Angeles, California]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Slide|first=Anthony|title=The New Historical Dictionary of the American Film Industry|location=New York|publisher=Routledge|date=1998|isbn=9781579580568|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KnzsAgAAQBAJ|page=1}}</ref>
*[[1935]] &ndash; [[Amelia Earhart]] becomes the first person to fly solo from [[Hawaii]] to [[California]].
*[[1942]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: [[Empire of Japan|Japanese]] forces [[Battle of Kuala Lumpur|capture Kuala Lumpur]], the capital of the Federated Malay States.
*  1942 &ndash; World War II: Japanese forces attack [[Tarakan Island|Tarakan]] in [[Dutch Borneo|Borneo]], [[Dutch East Indies|Netherlands Indies]] ([[Battle of Tarakan (1942)|Battle of Tarakan]])
*[[1943]] &ndash; The [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]] agrees to the [[Sino-British Treaty for the Relinquishment of Extra-Territorial Rights in China|Sino-British New Equal Treaty]] and the [[Sino-American Treaty for the Relinquishment of Extraterritorial Rights in China|Sino-American New Equal Treaty]].
*  1943 &ndash; Italian-American anarchist [[Carlo Tresca]] is assassinated in [[New York City]].
*[[1946]] &ndash; [[Enver Hoxha]], Secretary General of the [[Party of Labour of Albania|Communist Party of Albania]], declares the [[People's Socialist Republic of Albania|People's Republic of Albania]] with himself as head of state.
*[[1949]] &ndash; The first "networked" television broadcasts took place as [[KDKA-TV]] in [[Pittsburgh|Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania]] goes on the air connecting the east coast and mid-west programming.
*[[1957]] &ndash; The [[African Convention]] is founded in [[Dakar|Dakar, Senegal]].
*[[1959]] &ndash; 36 people are killed when [[Lufthansa Flight 502]] crashes on approach to [[Rio de Janeiro/Galeão International Airport]] in Brazil.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |title=ASN Aircraft accident Lockheed L-1049G Super Constellation D-ALAK Rio de Janeiro-Galeão International Airport, RJ (GIG) |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19590111-0 |access-date=2023-01-10 |website=aviation-safety.net}}</ref>
*[[1961]] &ndash; [[Throgs Neck Bridge]] over the [[East River]], linking [[New York City]]'s boroughs of [[The Bronx]] and [[Queens]], opens to road traffic.
*[[1962]] &ndash; [[Cold War]]: While tied to its pier in [[Russian Shipyard Number 10|Polyarny]], the [[Soviet submarine B-37]] is destroyed when fire breaks out in its torpedo compartment.
*  1962 &ndash; An avalanche on [[Huascarán]] in [[Peru]] causes around 4,000 deaths.<ref>{{cite news |title=1962: Thousands killed in Peru landslide |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/11/newsid_3306000/3306665.stm |access-date=10 January 2020 |work=BBC News |publisher=BBC}}</ref>
*[[1964]] &ndash; [[Surgeon General of the United States]] Dr. [[Luther Terry]], M.D., publishes the landmark report ''[[Smoking and Health: Report of the Advisory Committee to the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service]]'' saying that smoking may be hazardous to health, sparking national and worldwide anti-smoking efforts.
*[[1966]] &ndash; The [[Tbilisi Metro]] is opened.<ref name="TTC History">{{cite web |title=Tbilisi Transport Company History |url=http://ttc.com.ge/index.php/en/history |access-date=19 July 2020 |website=ttc.com.ge |publisher=Tbilisi Transport Company}}</ref>
*[[1972]] &ndash; [[East Pakistan]] renames itself [[Bangladesh]].
*[[1973]] &ndash; [[Major League Baseball]] owners vote in approval of the [[American League]] adopting the [[designated hitter]] position.
*[[1983]] &ndash; [[United Airlines Flight 2885]] crashes after takeoff from [[Detroit Metropolitan Airport]], killing three.<ref name="ntsb2">{{cite web |date=October 31, 1983 |title=United Airlines Flight 2885, N8053U, McDonnell Douglas DC-8-54F, Detroit, Michigan, January 11, 1983 |url=https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAR8307.pdf |access-date=February 8, 2015 |publisher=National Transportation Safety Board |id=NTSB/AAR-83/07}} - [https://libraryonline.erau.edu/online-full-text/ntsb/aircraft-accident-reports/AAR83-07.pdf Copy at] [[Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University]].</ref>
*[[1986]] &ndash; The [[Sir Leo Hielscher Bridges|Gateway Bridge, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia]] is officially opened.
*[[1994]] &ndash; The [[Republic of Ireland|Irish]] Government announces the end of a 15-year broadcasting ban on the [[Official Irish Republican Army|IRA]] and its political arm [[Sinn Féin]].
*[[1995]] &ndash; 51 people are killed in a [[Intercontinental de Aviación Flight 256|plane crash]] in [[María La Baja]], Colombia.<ref name="safety5">{{Cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |title=ASN Aircraft accident Douglas DC-9-14 HK-3839X Maria La Baja |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19950110-1 |access-date=2019-03-08 |website=aviation-safety.net |publisher=[[Aviation Safety Network]]}}</ref>
*[[1996]] &ndash; [[Space Shuttle program]]: [[STS-72]] launches from the [[Kennedy Space Center]] marking the start of the 74th [[Space Shuttle]] mission and the 10th flight of ''[[Space Shuttle Endeavour|Endeavour]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Warnock |first=Lynda |title=STS-72 |url=https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-72.html |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=www.nasa.gov |publisher=NASA}}</ref>
*[[1998]] &ndash; Over 100 people are killed in the [[Sidi-Hamed massacre]] in [[Algeria]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/11/newsid_4075000/4075725.stm|title=1998: 100 die in massacre in Algeria|date=January 11, 1998|via=news.bbc.co.uk}}</ref>
*[[2003]] &ndash; [[Governor of Illinois|Illinois Governor]] [[George Ryan]] commutes the death sentences of 167 prisoners on [[Illinois]]'s death row based on the [[Jon Burge]] scandal.
*[[2013]] &ndash; One French soldier and 17 militants are killed in a [[Bulo Marer hostage rescue attempt|failed attempt]] to free a French hostage in [[Bulo Marer]], [[Somalia]].
*[[2020]] &ndash; [[COVID-19 pandemic in Hubei]]: Municipal health officials in [[Wuhan]] announce the first recorded death from [[COVID-19]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=9 August 2021 |title=Covid-19 Pandemic Timeline Fast Facts |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/08/09/health/covid-19-pandemic-timeline-fast-facts/index.html |access-date=2022-01-11 |website=CNN}}</ref>