Editing January 12 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
* [[475]] &ndash; [[List of Byzantine emperors|Byzantine Emperor]] [[Zeno (emperor)|Zeno]] is forced to flee his capital at [[Constantinople]], and his general, [[Basiliscus]] gains control of the empire.<ref>{{cite book |last=Barton |first=Tamsyn |title=Power and knowledge: Astrology, physiognomics, and medicine under the Roman Empire |year= 2002 |publisher=University of Michigan Press |isbn=0-472-08852-1 |page=60 }}</ref>
*[[1528]] &ndash; [[Gustav I of Sweden]] is crowned King of Sweden, having already reigned since his election in June 1523.<ref>{{cite book|last=Scott|first=Franklin Daniel|title=Sweden: The Nation's History|location=Carbondale, Ill.|publisher=Southern Illinois University Press|date=1992|isbn=9780809314898|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qv8zxie3A18C|pages=121, 129}}</ref>
*[[1554]] &ndash; [[Bayinnaung]], who would go on to assemble the [[Toungoo dynasty|largest empire]] in the history of Southeast Asia, is crowned [[List of Burmese monarchs|King of Burma]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Kaung|first=Thaw|title=Accounts of King Bayinnaung's Life and Hanthawadi Hsinbyu-mya-shin Ayedawbon, a Record of His Campaigns|journal=Myanmar Historical Research Journal|date=June 2003|page=29|url=https://www.uclmyanmar.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/4-Accounts-of-King-Bayinnaung.pdf|access-date=January 12, 2023}}</ref>

===1601–1900===
*[[1616]] &ndash; The city of [[Belém]], Brazil is founded on the [[Amazon River]] delta by Portuguese captain [[Francisco Caldeira Castelo Branco]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Henderson|first1=James D.|last2=Delpar|first2=Helen|last3=Brungardt|first3=Maurice P.|last4=Weldon|first4=Richard N.|title=A Reference Guide to Latin American History|location=Armonk, N.Y.|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|date=2000|isbn=9781563247446|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e2F7c0wW7g4C|page=95}}</ref>
*[[1792]] &ndash; Federalist [[Thomas Pinckney]] appointed first U.S. minister to Britain.<ref>{{cite book|title=Chronicle of America|publisher=Chronicle Publication|date=1989|isbn=0131337459|page=208}}</ref>
*[[1808]] &ndash; [[John Rennie the Elder|John Rennie]]'s scheme to defend [[St Mary's Church, Reculver]], founded in 669, from [[coastal erosion]] is abandoned in favour of demolition, despite the church being an exemplar of [[Anglo-Saxon architecture]] and [[Anglo-Saxon art|sculpture]].<ref>{{cite news|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Storm and tide|work=The Literary Panorama|date=March 1808|at=cols. 1309–10|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=st0RAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1309|oclc=7687961}}</ref>
*  1808 &ndash; The organizational meeting leading to the creation of the [[Wernerian Natural History Society]], a former Scottish learned society, is held in Edinburgh.<ref>{{cite book|last=Stark|first=James|title=Picture of Edinburgh: Containing a Description of the City and Its Environs|location=Edinburgh|publisher=J. Fairbairn|date=1825|oclc=977450766|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ul4LAAAAYAAJ|page=194}}</ref>
*[[1848]] &ndash; The [[Sicilian revolution of 1848|Palermo rising]] takes place in [[Sicily]] against the [[House of Bourbon|Bourbon]] [[Kingdom of the Two Sicilies]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Goldstein|first=Robert J.|title=Political Repression in 19th Century Europe. Volume 24|location=New York|publisher=Routledge|date=2010|isbn=9780415555647|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zYLR_ewddRoC|page=184}}</ref>
*[[1866]] &ndash; The [[Royal Aeronautical Society]] is formed in London.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Bearman|first=Peter|title=Foreword|journal=The Aeronautical Journal|volume=120|issue=1223|date=January 2016|page=1|doi=10.1017/aer.2015.1|s2cid=112404040 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
*[[1872]] &ndash; [[Yohannes IV]] is crowned Emperor of [[Ethiopia]] in [[Axum]], the first imperial coronation in that city in over 200 years.<ref>{{cite book|last=Henze|first=Paul B.|title=Layers of Time: A History of Ethiopia|location=New York|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|date=2000|isbn=9781403967435|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3VYBDgAAQBAJ|page=146}}</ref>
*[[1895]] &ndash; [[National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty|The National Trust]] is founded in the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite book|last=Evans|first=David|title=A History of Nature Conservation in Britain|location=London|publisher=Routledge|date=1997|isbn=9780415144919|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JFeKAgAAQBAJ|page=42}}</ref>

===1901–present===
*[[1911]] &ndash; The [[University of the Philippines College of Law]] is established.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Alfonso|first1=Oscar M.|last2=Bauzon|first2=Leslie E.|title=University of the Philippines: The First 75 Years (1908-1983)|location=Quezon City|publisher=University of the Philippines Press|date=1985|isbn=9789711050184|page=14|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0XifAAAAMAAJ&q=%22on+January+12%2C+1911%2C+the+College+of+Law%22}}</ref>
*[[1915]] &ndash; The [[United States House of Representatives]] rejects a proposed constitutional amendment to require states to give [[women's suffrage|women the right to vote]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Women's Suffrage Amendment Fails|work=Elmira Star-Gazette|date=January 13, 1915|page=1|postscript=none}}; {{cite news|title=House Again Defeats Woman Suffrage Plan|work=San Francisco Chronicle|date=January 13, 1915|page=1}}</ref>
*[[1916]] &ndash; [[Oswald Boelcke]] and [[Max Immelmann]] become the first German aviators to earn the [[Pour le Mérite]], receive the [[German Empire]]'s highest military award, for achieving eight aerial victories each over [[Allies of World War I|Allied]] aircraft.<ref>{{cite book|last=Head|first=R.G.|title=Oswald Boelcke: Germany's First Fighter Ace and Father of Air Combat|location=London|publisher=Grub Street|date=2019|isbn=9781911621423|page=82|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MY6eDgAAQBAJ}}</ref> 
*[[1918]] &ndash; The [[Minnie Pit Disaster]] coal mining accident occurs in Halmer End, Staffordshire, in which 155 men and boys die.<ref>{{cite book|last=Elliott|first=Brian|title=Coal Mine Disasters in the Modern Era c. 1900 to 1980|location=Barnsley, South Yorkshire, U.K.|publisher=Pen and Sword|date=2017|isbn=9781473858879|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YNUjDwAAQBAJ|page=47}}</ref>
*[[1932]] &ndash; [[Hattie Caraway]] becomes the first woman elected to the [[United States Senate]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Clark|first=Judith Freeman|title=Almanac of American Women in the 20th Century|location=New York|publisher=Prentice Hall|date=1917|isbn=9780130226587|page=[https://archive.org/details/almanacofamerica00clar/page/56 56]|url=https://archive.org/details/almanacofamerica00clar/page/56}}</ref>
*[[1933]] &ndash; [[Casas Viejas incident]]: 22 peasants killed by the [[Security and Assault Corps]] in [[Casas Viejas]], [[Second Spanish Republic|Spain]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Mintz|first=Jerome R.|year=1994|orig-year=1982|title=The Anarchists of Casas Viejas|publisher=[[Indiana University Press]]|isbn=0-253-20854-8|lccn=93-2425|page=227}}</ref>
*[[1942]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: United States President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] creates the [[National War Labor Board (1942–1945)|National War Labor Board]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Zieger|first=Robert H.|title=The CIO, 1935-1955|location=Chapel Hill, N.C.|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|date=1997|isbn=9780807846308|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3IdhCQAAQBAJ|page=164}}</ref>
*[[1945]] &ndash; World War II: The [[Red Army]] begins the [[Vistula–Oder Offensive]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Baxter|first=Ian|title=The Vistula-Oder Offensive: The Soviet Destruction of German Army Group A, 1945|location=Havertown, Pa.|publisher=Casemate|date=2023|isbn=9781636243597|page=68|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pgHkEAAAQBAJ}}</ref>
*[[1955]] &ndash; A [[Martin 2-0-2]] and [[Douglas DC-3]] [[1955 Cincinnati mid-air collision|collide]] over [[Boone County, Kentucky]], killing 15 people.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ASN Aircraft accident Martin 2-0-2A N93211 Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky Airport, KY (CVG) |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19550112-0 |access-date=2023-01-11 |website=aviation-safety.net}}</ref>
*[[1962]] &ndash; [[Vietnam War]]: [[Operation Chopper (Vietnam)|Operation Chopper]], the first American combat mission and first American helicopter assault in the war, takes place.<ref>{{cite book|last=Carrier|first=Jerry|title=A Long Cold War: A Chronology of American Life and Culture, 1945 to 1991|location=New York|publisher=Algora Publishing|date=2018|isbn=9781628943184|page=208|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RrFjDwAAQBAJ|postscript=none}}; {{cite book|last1=Longley|first1=Kyle|last2=Whitt|first2=Jacqueline|title=Grunts: The American Combat Soldier in Vietnam|location=New York|publisher=Routledge|date=2020|isbn=9780429355868|page=1920|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K2bnDwAAQBAJ}}</ref>
*[[1964]] &ndash; Rebels in [[Zanzibar]] begin a revolt known as the [[Zanzibar Revolution]] and proclaim a republic.<ref>{{cite book|last=Petterson|first=Donald|title=Revolution in Zanzibar: An American's Cold War Tale|location=Boulder, Colo.|publisher=Westview Press|date=2002|isbn=9780813342689|page=i|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uvRPuQnA6roC}}</ref>
*[[1966]] &ndash; [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] states that the United States should stay in [[South Vietnam]] until [[Communism|Communist]] aggression there is ended.<ref>{{cite news|last=Wicker|first=Tom|title=Johnson Asks Domestic Reform, Stands Firm on Vietnam|work=The New York Times|date=January 13, 1966|page=A1|postscript=none}}; {{cite news|last=Kilpatrick|first=Carroll|title=U.S. Can Continue the 'Great Society' And Fight in Vietnam, Johnson Says: Peace Moves So Far Receive No Response, His Message Reveals|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=January 13, 1966|page=A1}}</ref>
*[[1967]] &ndash; Dr. [[James Bedford]] becomes the first person to be [[cryonics|cryonically preserved]] with intent of future resuscitation.
*[[1969]] &ndash; The [[New York Jets]] of the [[American Football League]] defeat the [[History of the Baltimore Colts|Baltimore Colts]] of the [[National Football League]] to win [[Super Bowl III]] in what is considered to be one of the greatest upsets in sports history.
*[[1970]] &ndash; [[Biafra]] capitulates, ending the [[Nigerian Civil War]].
*[[1971]] &ndash; The [[Harrisburg Seven]]: Rev. [[Philip Berrigan]] and five other activists are indicted on charges of conspiring to kidnap [[Henry Kissinger]] and of plotting to blow up the heating tunnels of federal buildings in [[Washington, D.C.]]
*[[1976]] &ndash; The [[United Nations Security Council]] votes 11–1 to allow the [[Palestine Liberation Organization]] to participate in a Security Council debate (without voting rights).
*[[1986]] &ndash; [[Space Shuttle program]]: Congressman and future NASA Administrator [[Bill Nelson (politician)|Bill Nelson]] lifts off from [[Kennedy Space Center]] aboard [[Space Shuttle Columbia|''Columbia'']] on mission [[STS-61-C]] as a [[payload specialist]].
*[[1990]] &ndash; A [[Baku pogrom|seven-day pogrom]] breaks out against [[Armenians|the Armenian civilian population of Baku, Azerbaijan]], during which Armenians were beaten, tortured, murdered, and expelled from the city. 
*[[1991]] &ndash; [[Gulf War|Persian Gulf War]]: An act of the U.S. Congress authorizes the use of American military force to drive [[Ba'athist Iraq|Iraq]] out of [[Kuwait]].
*[[1997]] &ndash; Space Shuttle program: ''[[Space Shuttle Atlantis|Atlantis]]'' launches from the Kennedy Space Center on mission [[STS-81]] to the Russian space station ''[[Mir]]'', carrying astronaut [[Jerry M. Linenger]] for a four-month stay on board the station, replacing astronaut [[John E. Blaha]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lynda|first=Warnock|title=STS-81|url=https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-81.html|access-date=2021-01-11|website=nasa.gov|publisher=NASA}}</ref>
*[[1998]] &ndash; Nineteen European nations agree to forbid [[human cloning]].
*[[2001]] &ndash; [[Downtown Disney (Disneyland Resort)|Downtown Disney]] opens to the public as part of the [[Disneyland Resort]] in [[Anaheim, California]].
*[[2004]] &ndash; The world's largest [[ocean liner]], {{RMS|Queen Mary 2}}, makes its maiden voyage.
*[[2005]] &ndash; [[Deep Impact (spacecraft)|Deep Impact]] launches from [[Cape Canaveral]] on a [[Delta II]] rocket.<ref>{{cite book|last=Doody|first=Dave|title=Deep Space Craft: An Overview of Interplanetary Flight|location=Berlin|publisher=Springer|date=2010|isbn=9783642100468|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gp-2B7AUPVUC|page=365}}</ref>
*[[2006]] &ndash; [[Incidents during the Hajj|A stampede]] during the [[Stoning of the Devil]] ritual on the last day at the [[Hajj]] in [[Mina, Saudi Arabia]], kills at least 362 Muslim [[pilgrim]]s.
*[[2007]] &ndash; Comet [[C/2006 P1 (McNaught)]], one of the brightest comets ever observed is at its zenith visible during the day.
*[[2010]] &ndash; An [[2010 Haiti earthquake|earthquake in Haiti]] occurs, killing between 220,000 and 300,000 people and destroying much of the capital [[Port-au-Prince]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Haiti Earthquake Fast Facts|publisher=CNN|date=December 26, 2018|access-date=January 12, 2020|url=https://www.cnn.com/2013/12/12/world/haiti-earthquake-fast-facts/index.html|postscript=none}}; {{cite journal|last1=DesRoches|first1=Reginald|last2=Comerio|first2=Mary|last3=Eberhard|first3=Marc|last4=Mooney|first4=Walter|last5=Rix|first5=Glenn J.|title=Overview of the 2010 Haiti Earthquake|journal=Earthquake Spectra|date=October 2011|volume=27 |pages=S1–S21|doi=10.1193/1.3630129 |bibcode=2011EarSp..27....1D |s2cid=51746361 |access-date=January 11, 2020|url=https://escweb.wr.usgs.gov/share/mooney/142.pdf}}</ref>
*[[2012]] &ndash; [[2012 Romanian protests|Violent protests]] occur in [[Bucharest]], Romania, as two-day-old demonstrations continue against President [[Traian Băsescu]]'s economic [[austerity]] measures. Clashes are reported in numerous Romanian cities between protesters and law enforcement officers. 
*[[2015]] &ndash; [[January 2015 raid on Kolofata|Government raids]] kill 143 [[Boko Haram]] fighters in [[Kolofata|Kolofata, Cameroon]].
*[[2016]] &ndash; Ten people are killed and 15 wounded in a [[January 2016 Istanbul bombing|bombing]] near the [[Sultan Ahmed Mosque|Blue Mosque in Istanbul]].
*[[2020]] &ndash; [[Taal Volcano]] in the Philippines [[2020 Taal Volcano eruption|erupts]] and kills 39 people.