Editing January 2 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
*[[AD 69|69]] &ndash; The [[Roman legion]]s in [[Germania Superior]] refuse to swear loyalty to [[Galba]]. They rebel and proclaim [[Vitellius]] as emperor.<ref>{{cite book|author=Anthony R Birley|title=Marcus Aurelius: A Biography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CzYRFge0NnsC&pg=PT15|date=6 December 2012|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-69569-0|pages=15–}}</ref>
* [[366]] &ndash; The [[Alemanni]] cross the frozen [[Rhine]] in large numbers, invading the [[Roman Empire]].<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Alamanni |volume= 01 |last= Beck|first=  Frederick George Meeson | page = 468; see lines four and five from the end |quote=....Early in the 5th century the Alamanni appear to have crossed the Rhine and conquered and settled Alsace and a large part of Switzerland. }}</ref>
* [[533]] &ndash; Mercurius becomes [[Pope John II]], the first [[pope]] to adopt a new name upon elevation to the papacy.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Mann |first1=Horace K. |title=Pope John II |encyclopedia=Catholic Encyclopedia |date=1910}}</ref>
*[[1492]] &ndash; [[Reconquista]]: The [[Emirate of Granada]], the last [[Moors|Moorish]] stronghold in [[Spain]], surrenders.<ref>Kamen, Henry. "Spain 1469 – 1714 A Society of Conflict." Third edition. pp. 37–38</ref>

===1601–1900===
*[[1680]] &ndash; [[Trunajaya rebellion]]: [[Amangkurat II]] of Mataram and his bodyguards [[Trunajaya rebellion#Trunajaya's death|execute the rebel leader]] [[Trunajaya]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Pigeaud|first=Theodore Gauthier Thomas|author-link=Theodoor Gautier Thomas Pigeaud|title=Islamic States in Java 1500–1700: Eight Dutch Books and Articles by Dr H.J. de Graaf|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_BVJCAAAQBAJ|date=1976|publisher=Martinus Nijhoff|location=The Hague|isbn=90-247-1876-7}}</ref>
*[[1776]] &ndash; Empress [[Maria Theresa]] of Austria amends the [[Constitutio Criminalis Theresiana]] to include the abolition of torture throughout the Habsburg-ruled countries of Austria and Bohemia.<ref>{{cite book|author=Derek Beales|title=Joseph II: Volume 1, In the Shadow of Maria Theresa, 1741-1780|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2008|isbn=9780521525886|page=238}}</ref>
*[[1777]] &ndash; [[American Revolutionary War]]: American forces under the command of General [[George Washington]] repulse a British attack led by General [[Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis|Charles Cornwallis]] at the [[Battle of the Assunpink Creek]] near [[Trenton, New Jersey]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ketchum|first=Richard|title=The Winter Soldiers: The Battles for Trenton and Princeton|publisher=Holt Paperbacks; 1st Owl books ed edition |year=1999|isbn=0-8050-6098-7}}</ref>
*[[1788]] &ndash; [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] becomes the fourth state to ratify the [[United States Constitution]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Census of population and housing (2000): Georgia Population and Housing Unit Counts|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7VHtNij1aQYC&pg=PP13|publisher=DIANE Publishing|isbn=978-1-4289-8569-8|pages=13}}</ref>
*[[1791]] &ndash; [[Northwest Indian War]]: The [[Big Bottom massacre]] is committed by [[Lenape]] and [[Wyandot people|Wyandot]] warriors in the [[Ohio Country]], North America.<ref>{{cite book|author=Steve Rajtar|title=Indian War Sites: A Guidebook to Battlefields, Monuments, and Memorials, State by State with Canada and Mexico|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bnMwCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA187|date=1 July 1999|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-4590-5|pages=187}}</ref>
*[[1818]] &ndash; The British [[Institution of Civil Engineers]] is founded by a group of six engineers; [[Thomas Telford]] would later become its first president.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Civil Engineer and Architect's Journal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j_jNAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA72|year=1866|publisher=Published for the proprietor|pages=72–}}</ref>
*[[1863]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: The three-day [[Battle of Stones River]] ends in a [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] victory when the [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] [[Army of Tennessee]] under General [[Braxton Bragg]] are repulsed for the final time by the [[Army of the Cumberland]] under General [[William Rosecrans|William S. Rosecrans]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Battle of Stones River|url=https://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entries/battle-of-stones-river/|author=McDonough, James L.|website=TennesseeEncyclopedia.net|publisher=Tennessee Historical Society|date=October 8, 2017|access-date=November 30, 2024}}</ref>
*[[1865]] &ndash; [[Uruguayan War]]: The [[Siege of Paysandú]] ends as the [[Empire of Brazil|Brazilians]] and [[Colorado Party (Uruguay)|Coloradan]]s capture [[Paysandú]], Uruguay.<ref>{{cite book | last = Maia | first = Prado | title = A Marinha de Guerra do Brasil na Colônia e no Império | edition = 2 | year = 1975 | publisher = Cátedra | location = Rio de Janeiro | language = pt|page=266 }}</ref>
*[[1900]] &ndash; American statesman and diplomat [[John Hay]] announces the [[Open Door Policy]] to promote trade with China.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.loc.gov/law/help/us-treaties/bevans/m-ust000001-0278.pdf |title=Commercial Rights in China ("Open Door" Policy): Declarations by France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Italy, Japan, and Russia accepting United States proposal for "open door" policy in China, September 6, 1899-March 20, 1900, 1 Bevans 278 |website=[[Library of Congress]] |access-date=January 22, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170221161724/http://www.loc.gov/law/help/us-treaties/bevans/m-ust000001-0278.pdf |archive-date=February 21, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[1900]] &ndash; [[Chicago Canal]] opens.<ref>{{cite book|first=Jacques|last=Legrand|title=Chronicle of the 20th Century|publisher=Ecam Publication|year=1987|page=10|isbn=0-942191-01-3}}</ref>

===1901–present===
*[[1920]] &ndash; The second [[Palmer Raids|Palmer Raid]], ordered by the [[United States Department of Justice|US Department of Justice]], results in 6,000 suspected communists and anarchists being arrested and held without trial.<ref>{{cite book|author=George C. Kohn|title=The New Encyclopedia of American Scandal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uzdWTBytwAIC&pg=PA303|year=2001|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-1-4381-3022-4|pages=303}}</ref>
*[[1921]] &ndash; World premiere of the science fiction play ''[[R.U.R.]]'' by the [[Czechs|Czech]] writer [[Karel Čapek]] in a theater in [[Hradec Králové]].<ref name="JMB">Jarka M. Burien, "Čapek, Karel" in Gabrielle H. Cody, Evert Sprinchorn (eds.) ''The Columbia Encyclopedia of Modern Drama'', Volume One. Columbia University Press, 2007. {{ISBN|0231144229}},  (pp. 224–225).</ref>
*[[1941]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: The [[Cardiff Blitz]] severely damages the [[Cardiff Metropolitan Cathedral|cathedral]] in [[Cardiff|Cardiff, Wales]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Nick Lambert|title=Llandaff Cathedral|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7_xIAQAAIAAJ|year=2010|publisher=Seren|isbn=978-1-85411-499-0|page=171}}</ref>
*[[1942]] &ndash; The [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI) obtains the conviction of 33 members of a [[Nazi Germany|German]] spy ring headed by [[Fritz Joubert Duquesne]] in the largest espionage case in [[History of the United States|United States history]]; Also known as the [[Duquesne Spy Ring]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Walter Yust|title=Ten eventful years: a record of events of the years preceding, including and following World War II, 1937 through 1946|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vpAGAQAAIAAJ|year=1947|publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica|page=317}}</ref>
*  1942 &ndash; World War II: [[Manila]] is captured by [[Empire of Japan|Japanese]] forces, enabling them to control the [[Second Philippine Republic|Philippines]].<ref name="Alford2006">{{cite book|author=Lodwick H. Alford|title=Playing for Time: War on an Asiatic Fleet Destroyer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lK4IAKZVgwEC&pg=PA90|date=April 2006|publisher=Merriam Press|isbn=978-1-57638-338-4|pages=90}}</ref>
*[[1949]] &ndash; [[Luis Muñoz Marín]] is inaugurated as the first democratically elected [[Governor of Puerto Rico]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Los Gobernadores electos de Puerto Rico|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cGQzAQAAIAAJ|year=1973|publisher=Corporación de Servicios Bibliotecarios|language=es}}</ref>
*[[1954]] &ndash; [[India]] establishes its highest [[civilian award]]s, the [[Bharat Ratna]] and the [[Padma Vibhushan]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Disha Experts|title=General Knowledge for General Studies CSAT - Paper 1 IAS Prelims 2nd Edition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vVc-DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA126|publisher=Disha Publications|pages=126–|id=GGKEY:SZZRJN6FRG4}}</ref>
*[[1955]] &ndash; Following the assassination of the [[Panama]]nian president [[José Antonio Remón Cantera]], his deputy, [[José Ramón Guizado]], takes power, but is quickly deposed after his involvement in Cantera's death is discovered.<ref>{{cite book|title=Latin America|url=https://archive.org/details/latinamericagene0000fagg_g6s7|url-access=registration|date=1 May 1969|publisher=Macmillan International Higher Education|isbn=978-1-349-15305-3|pages=[https://archive.org/details/latinamericagene0000fagg_g6s7/page/154 154]}}</ref>
*[[1959]] &ndash; ''[[Luna 1]]'', the first spacecraft to reach the vicinity of the [[Moon]] and to orbit the [[Sun]], is launched by the [[Soviet Union]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Andrew Wilson|title=Solar system log|url=https://archive.org/details/solarsystemlog00andr|url-access=registration|date=May 1987|publisher=Jane's|isbn=978-0-7106-0444-6|access-date=2019-01-27}}</ref>
*[[1963]] &ndash; [[Vietnam War]]: The [[Viet Cong]] wins its first major victory, at the [[Battle of Ap Bac]].<ref>{{cite book|author=U.s. Army Command and General Staff College|title=Military Assistance Advisory Group-vietnam (1954-1963): The Battle of Ap Bac|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pTrvoAEACAAJ|date=8 July 2014|publisher=Createspace Independent Pub|isbn=978-1-5004-3966-8}}</ref>
*[[1967]] &ndash; [[Ronald Reagan]], past [[Film Actor|movie actor]] and future [[President of the United States]], is sworn in as [[Governor of California]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Pastoral Review|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pAJOAAAAYAAJ|year=1970}}</ref>
*[[1971]] &ndash; The second [[1971 Ibrox disaster|Ibrox disaster]] kills 66 fans at a [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]]-[[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] [[association football]] match.<ref>{{cite book|author=Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons|title=Sessional Papers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dZ7M8-xoOZwC|year=1973|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office}}</ref>
*[[1974]] &ndash; United States President [[Richard Nixon]] signs a [[National Maximum Speed Law#Enactment|bill]] lowering the maximum U.S. [[speed limit]] to 55&nbsp;mph in order to conserve [[gasoline]] during an [[OPEC]] embargo.<ref>{{cite news |title= Nixon Approves Limit of 55&nbsp;MPH |url= http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F40610FD3F58137B93C1A9178AD85F408785F9&scp=1&sq=nixon%20approves%20limit%20of%2055&st=cse |access-date= July 22, 2008 |work= The New York Times |pages= 1, 24 |date= January 3, 1974 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110605095932/http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F40610FD3F58137B93C1A9178AD85F408785F9&scp=1&sq=nixon%20approves%20limit%20of%2055&st=cse |archive-date= June 5, 2011 |url-status= dead |df= mdy-all }}{{subscription required}}</ref>
*[[1975]] &ndash; At the opening of a new railway line, a bomb blast at [[Samastipur|Samastipur, Bihar, India]], fatally wounds [[Lalit Narayan Mishra]], [[Minister of Railways (India)|Minister of Railways]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/bihar/lalit-mishra-forebodings-on-night-before-murder/cid/1338289|title=Lalit Mishra forebodings on night before murder|website=The Telegraph India|author=Rasheed Kidwai|date=15 June 2015|access-date=23 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223184824/https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/bihar/lalit-mishra-forebodings-on-night-before-murder/cid/1338289|archive-date=23 February 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
*  1975 &ndash; The [[Federal Rules of Evidence]] are approved by the [[United States Congress]].<ref>{{cite book|author=American Law Institute-American Bar Association Committee on Continuing Professional Education|title=Resource materials - federal rules of evidence: with October 1975 supplement|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u2VAAAAAIAAJ|year=1975|publisher=ALI-ABA Committee on Continuing Professional Education|page=279}}</ref>
*[[1976]] &ndash; The [[Gale of January 1976]] begins, resulting in [[coastal flooding]] around the southern [[North Sea]] coasts, affecting countries from [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] to [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] and causing at least 82 deaths and US$1.3 billion in damage.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Shaw|first1=M. S.|last2=Hopkins|first2=J. S.|last3=Caton|first3=P. G. F.|title=The Gales of 2 January 1976|journal=Weather|date=June 1976|volume=31|issue=6|pages=172–183|doi=10.1002/j.1477-8696.1976.tb04429.x |bibcode = 1976Wthr...31..172S }}</ref>
*[[1978]] &ndash; On the orders of the [[President of Pakistan]], [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq]], paramilitary forces opened fire on peaceful protesting workers in [[Multan|Multan, Pakistan]]; it is known as [[1978 massacre at Multan Colony Textile Mills]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Bernd Michael Scherer|title=Society and dictatorship|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xmGFAAAAMAAJ|year=1993|publisher=Progressive Publishers|page=105}}</ref>
*[[1981]] &ndash; One of the largest investigations by a [[United Kingdom|British]] police force ends when serial killer [[Peter Sutcliffe]], the "Yorkshire Ripper", is arrested in [[Sheffield]], [[South Yorkshire]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Great Britain. Court of Appeal|author2=Great Britain. Court of Appeal. Criminal Division|author3=Great Britain. Employment Appeal Tribunal|title=The Law Reports. Queen's Bench Division|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_etMAQAAIAAJ|year=1991|publisher=Incorporated Council of Law Reporting for England and Wales|page=164}}</ref>
*[[1988]] &ndash; [[Condor Flugdienst Flight 3782]] crashes near [[Seferihisar]], Turkey, killing 16 people.<ref>{{cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |date= |title=ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 737-230 D-ABHD Seferihisar |url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19880102-1 |accessdate=10 February 2014 |website=aviation-safety.net |publisher=}}</ref>
*[[1991]] &ndash; [[Sharon Pratt|Sharon Pratt Dixon]] becomes the first [[African Americans|African American]] woman mayor of a major city and first woman [[Mayor of the District of Columbia]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Jeffrey D. Schultz|author2=Laura Van Assendelft|author3=Laura A. Van Assendelft|title=Encyclopedia of Women in American Politics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LOzfQEP3H8AC&pg=PA55|year=1999|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-1-57356-131-0|pages=55}}</ref>
*[[1993]] &ndash; [[Sri Lankan civil war|Sri Lankan Civil War]]: The [[Sri Lanka Navy]] [[Jaffna lagoon massacre|kill]] 35–100 civilians on the [[Jaffna Lagoon]].<ref>{{cite book|author=University Teachers for Human Rights (Jaffna)|title=Land, human rights & the eastern predicament|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lvjsAAAAMAAJ|year=1993|publisher=UTHR (Jaffna), University of Jaffna, Thirunelvely|page=5}}</ref>
*[[2004]] &ndash; ''[[Stardust (spacecraft)|Stardust]]'' successfully flies past [[Comet]] [[81P/Wild|Wild 2]], collecting samples that are returned to [[Earth]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Spacecraft bringing comet dust back to Earth |url=http://www.cnn.com/2006/TECH/space/01/13/stardust/ |last=Williams |first=David E. |publisher=CNN |date=13 January 2006 |url-status=live |archive-date=27 January 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060127200153/http://www.cnn.com/2006/TECH/space/01/13/stardust/|access-date=12 March 2019}}</ref>
*[[2022]] &ndash; [[2022 Kazakh unrest|Massive nationwide protests and unrest]] break out in [[Kazakhstan]] over the sudden increase of [[liquefied petroleum gas]] prices, leading to 238 people dead and thousands injured by January 11.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-05 |title=Kazakhstan: No Justice for January Protest Victims |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/05/05/kazakhstan-no-justice-january-protest-victims |access-date=2023-08-17 |website=Human Rights Watch |language=en}}</ref>
*[[2024]] &ndash; Two aircraft [[2024 Haneda Airport runway collision|collide on a runway]] at [[Haneda Airport]] in [[Tokyo]], killing 5 and injuring 18.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 January 2024 |title=All 379 people escape burning Japan Airlines plane on Tokyo runway |work=BBC |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-asia-67862184 |access-date=3 January 2024 |archive-date=2 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102094436/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-asia-67862184 |url-status=live}}</ref>