Editing January 23 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
* [[393]] &ndash; [[Roman emperor]] [[Theodosius I]] proclaims his eight-year-old son [[Honorius (emperor)|Honorius]] co-emperor.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Williams|first1=Stephen|first2=Gerard|last2=Friell|title=Theodosius: The Empire at Bay|publisher=Yale University Press|year=1994|page=129}}</ref> 
* [[971]] &ndash; Using [[crossbow]]s, [[Song dynasty]] troops soundly [[History of the Song dynasty#Founding of the Song|defeat]] a [[war elephant]] corps of the [[Southern Han]] at Shao.
*[[1229]] &ndash; The episcopal seat is moved from [[Nousiainen]] to [[Koroinen]] (located near the current centre of [[Turku]]) by the permission of [[Pope Gregory IX]]. The date is starting to be considered as the founding of Turku.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://yle.fi/a/3-10607853|title=Suomen vanhin kaupunki täyttää 790 vuotta ja valkoinen risti seisoo Turun syntymämerkkinä Koroisilla – katso video|first=Minna|last=Rosvall|work=[[Yle]]|date=23 January 2019|access-date=17 August 2024|language=fi}}</ref>
*[[1264]] &ndash; In the conflict between King [[Henry III of England]] and his rebellious barons led by [[Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester|Simon de Montfort]], King [[Louis IX of France]] issues the [[Mise of Amiens]], a one-sided decision in favour of Henry that later leads to the [[Second Barons' War]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Tout|first=T.F.|title=The Political History of England. Vol. 3: From the Accession of Henry III to the Death of Edward III (1216-1377)|location=London|date=1920|pages=112–113|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JRI5AQAAMAAJ}}</ref>
*[[1368]] &ndash; [[Zhu Yuanzhang]] proclaims himself the [[Hongwu Emperor]], beginning the [[Ming dynasty]].<ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Bowman|editor-first=John S.|title=Columbia Chronologies of Asian History and Culture|location=New York|publisher=Columbia University Press|date=2000|isbn=9780231110044|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YkqsAgAAQBAJ|page=39}}</ref>
*[[1546]] &ndash; Having published nothing for eleven years, [[François Rabelais]] publishes the ''Tiers Livre'', his sequel to ''[[Gargantua and Pantagruel]]''.
*[[1556]] &ndash; The deadliest [[earthquake]] in history, the [[1556 Shaanxi earthquake|Shaanxi earthquake]], hits [[Shaanxi]] province, China. The death toll may have been as high as 830,000.<ref>{{cite book|first1=Y-X.|last1=Hu|first2=S-C.|last2=Liu|author2-link=Liu Shaw-chen|first3=W.|last3=Dong|title=Earthquake Engineering|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=suaVCkVdyuwC&pg=PA101|date=18 July 1996|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-0-419-20590-6|pages=101}}</ref>
*[[1565]] &ndash; The [[Deccan Sultanates]] defeat [[Rama Raya]] of the [[Vijayanagara Empire]] at the [[Battle of Talikota]], resulting in over 100,000 casualties and the destruction of the capital [[Vijayanagara]].<ref>{{cite book|author=L. P. Sharma|title=History of Medieval India (1000-1740 A.D.)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=18EKAQAAIAAJ|year=1987|publisher=Konark Publishers|isbn=978-81-220-0042-9|page=266}}</ref> 
*[[1570]] &ndash; [[James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray]], [[regent]] for the infant King [[James VI of Scotland]], is assassinated by firearm, the first recorded instance of such.<ref>{{cite book|last=Stewart|first=Derek James|title=The Armstrongs: The History of a Riding Family, 1040-1650|location=Salt Lake City|publisher=American Academic Press|date=2017|isbn=9781631818790|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YH0uDwAAQBAJ|page=97}}</ref>
*[[1571]] &ndash; The [[Royal Exchange, London|Royal Exchange]] opens in London.<ref>{{cite book|last=Saunders|first=Ann|title=The Royal Exchange|location=London|publisher=London Topographical Society|date=1997|isbn=9780902087385|page=44}}</ref>
*[[1579]] &ndash; The [[Union of Utrecht]] forms a [[Protestantism|Protestant]] republic in the Netherlands.<ref>{{cite book|first=George Henry|last=Townsend|author-link=George Henry Townsend|title=The Manual of Dates: A Dictionary of Reference to All the Most Important Events in the History of Mankind to be Found in Authentic Records|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sSVTAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA860|year=1862|pages=860}}</ref>

===1601–1900===
*[[1656]] &ndash; [[Blaise Pascal]] publishes the first of his ''[[Lettres provinciales]]''.<ref>{{cite book|first1=Blaise|last1=Pascal|author-link1=Blaise Pascal|first2=Roger|last2=Ariew|title=Pensees|year=2005 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DdlNuvGMPisC&pg=PR18|publisher=Hackett Publishing|isbn=1-60384-404-X|pages=18}}</ref>
*[[1719]] &ndash; The [[Principality]] of [[Liechtenstein]] is created within the [[Holy Roman Empire]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Instituto del Tercer Mundo|title=The World Guide: A View From the South|location=Oxford, U.K.|publisher=New Internationalist Publications|date=2005|isbn=9781904456117|page=353}}</ref>
*[[1755]] &ndash; [[Moscow State University|Moscow University]] is established (12 January 1755 [[Old Style and New Style dates|O.S.]]).<ref>{{cite book|last=Papmehl|first=K.A.|title=Freedom of Expression in Eighteenth Century Russia|location=The Hague|publisher=Nijhoff|date=1971|isbn=9789024711116|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9ba2BwAAQBAJ|page=21}}</ref>
*[[1789]] &ndash; [[Georgetown University|Georgetown College]], the first [[Catholic university]] in the United States, is founded in [[Georgetown (Washington, D.C.)|Georgetown, Maryland]] (now a part of Washington, D.C.) when Bishop [[John Carroll (archbishop of Baltimore)|John Carroll]], Rev. [[Robert Molyneux]], and Rev. John Ashton purchase land for the proposed academy for the education of youth.<ref>{{cite book|last=Conn|first=James Jerome|title=Catholic Universities in the United States and Ecclesiastical Authority|location=Rome|publisher=Editrice Pontificia Università Gregoriana|date=1991|isbn=9788876526398|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nCKk0nNBqPgC|page=134}}</ref>
*[[1793]] &ndash; [[Second Partition of Poland]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Lukowski|first1=Jerzy|last2=Zawadzki|first2=Hubert|title=A Concise History of Poland|location=Cambridge, UK|publisher=Cambridge University Press|date=2006|isbn=9780521853323|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HMylRh-wHWEC|page=128}}</ref>
*[[1795]] &ndash; After crossing the frozen [[Zuiderzee]], the French cavalry [[Capture of the Dutch fleet at Den Helder|captured 14 Dutch ships and 850 guns]], in a rare occurrence of surrender of naval vessels to land forces.
*[[1846]] &ndash; [[Slavery in Tunisia]] is abolished.<ref>{{in lang|ar}} [http://www.archives.nat.tn/pdf_doc/849300.PDF Original decree of 23 January 1846 on the enfranchisement of slaves (National archives of Tunisia)]</ref>
*[[1849]] &ndash; [[Elizabeth Blackwell]] is awarded her M.D. by the [[Geneva Medical College]] of [[Geneva, New York]], becoming the United States' first female doctor.
*[[1870]] &ndash; In [[Montana]], U.S. cavalrymen kill 173 [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]], mostly women and children, in what becomes known as the [[Marias Massacre]].
*[[1879]] &ndash; [[Anglo-Zulu War]]: The [[Battle of Rorke's Drift]] ends.
*[[1899]] &ndash; The [[Malolos Constitution]] is inaugurated, establishing the [[First Philippine Republic]]. [[Emilio Aguinaldo]] is sworn in as its [[List of presidents of the Philippines|first]] [[President of the Philippines|president]].
*[[1900]] &ndash; [[Second Boer War]]: The [[Battle of Spion Kop]] between the forces of the [[South African Republic]] and the [[Orange Free State]] and British forces ends in a British defeat.

===1901–present===
*[[1904]] &ndash; [[Ålesund Fire]]: The Norwegian coastal town [[Ålesund]] is devastated by fire, leaving 10,000 people homeless and one person dead. [[Kaiser]] [[Wilhelm II, German Emperor|Wilhelm II]] funds the rebuilding of the town in [[Art Nouveau|Jugendstil]] style.
*[[1909]] &ndash; {{RMS|Republic|1903|6}}, a passenger ship of the [[White Star Line]], becomes the first ship to use the [[CQD]] distress signal after colliding with another ship, the [[SS Florida (1905)|SS ''Florida'']], off the Massachusetts coastline, an event that kills six people. The ''Republic'' sinks the next day.
*[[1912]] &ndash; The [[International Opium Convention]] is signed at [[The Hague]].
*[[1919]] &ndash; The [[Regional Congress of Peasants, Workers and Insurgents#First Congress (January 1919)|First Regional Congress of Peasants, Workers and Insurgents]] is held by the [[Makhnovshchina]] at [[Velykomykhailivka]].<ref>{{cite book|editor-first1=Steven J.|editor-last1=Hirsch|editor-first2=Lucien|editor-last2=van der Walt|editor-link2=Lucien van der Walt|chapter=The Makhnovist Movement and the National Question in the Ukraine, 1917–1921|title=Anarchism and Syndicalism in the Colonial and Postcolonial World, 1870–1940|first=Aleksandr|last=Shubin|series=Studies in Global Social History|volume=6|publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]]|location=[[Leiden]]|year=2010|page=165|isbn=9789004188495|oclc=868808983}}</ref>
*[[1920]] &ndash; The Netherlands refuses to surrender the exiled [[Wilhelm II, German Emperor|Kaiser Wilhelm II]] of Germany to the [[Allies of World War I|Allies]].
*[[1937]] &ndash; The [[Moscow Trials|trial of the anti-Soviet Trotskyist center]] sees seventeen mid-level Communists accused of sympathizing with [[Leon Trotsky]] and plotting to overthrow [[Joseph Stalin]]'s regime.
*[[1941]] &ndash; [[Charles Lindbergh]] testifies before the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]] and recommends that the United States negotiate a [[neutrality pact]] with [[Adolf Hitler]].
*[[1942]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: The [[Battle of Rabaul (1942)|Battle of Rabaul]] commences Japan's [[New Guinea campaign|invasion]] of Australia's [[Territory of New Guinea]].
*[[1943]] &ndash; World War II: Troops of the British [[Eighth Army (United Kingdom)|Eighth Army]] capture [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]] in [[Libya]] from the [[German–Italian Panzer Army]].
*[[1945]] &ndash; World War II: German admiral [[Karl Dönitz]] launches [[Operation Hannibal]].
*[[1950]] &ndash; The [[Knesset]] resolves that [[Jerusalem]] is the capital of Israel.
*[[1957]] &ndash; American inventor [[Walter Frederick Morrison]] sells the rights to his [[Frisbee|flying disc]] to the [[Wham-O]] toy company, which later renames it the "Frisbee".
*[[1958]] &ndash; After a [[1958 Venezuelan coup d'état|general uprising and rioting in the streets]], [[President of Venezuela|President]] [[Marcos Pérez Jiménez]] leaves [[Venezuela]].
*[[1960]] &ndash; The [[bathyscaphe]] [[Bathyscaphe Trieste|USS ''Trieste'']] breaks a depth record by descending to {{Convert|10911|m|ft}} in the Pacific Ocean.
*[[1963]] &ndash; The [[Guinea-Bissau War of Independence]] officially begins when [[PAIGC]] guerrilla fighters attack the [[Portuguese Army]] stationed in [[Tite (Guinea-Bissau)|Tite]].<ref>{{cite book|author=United States. Foreign Broadcast Information Service|author-link=Foreign Broadcast Information Service|title=Daily Report: People's Republic of China|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OKIbAQAAMAAJ|year=1975|publisher=National Technical Information Service|page=17}}</ref>
*[[1964]] &ndash; The [[Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution|24th Amendment]] to the [[United States Constitution]], prohibiting the use of [[Poll tax (United States)|poll taxes]] in national elections, is ratified.
*[[1967]] &ndash; [[Diplomatic relations]] between the [[Soviet Union]] and [[Ivory Coast]] are established.
*  1967   &ndash; [[Milton Keynes]] (England) is founded as a [[New towns in the United Kingdom|new town]] by [[Order in Council]], with a planning brief to become a city of 250,000 people. Its initial designated area enclosed three existing towns and twenty-one villages. The area to be developed was largely farmland, with [[History of Milton Keynes|evidence of continuous settlement]] dating back to the [[Bronze Age]].
*[[1968]] &ndash; [[USS Pueblo (AGER-2)|USS ''Pueblo'' (AGER-2)]] is attacked and seized by the [[Korean People's Navy]]. 
*[[1982]] &ndash; [[World Airways Flight 30]] overshoots the runway at [[Logan International Airport]] in [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]], and crashes into [[Boston Harbor]]. Two people are missing and presumed dead.<ref name="ASN">{{Cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |date= |title=ASN Aircraft accident McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30CF N113WA Boston-Logan International Airport, MA (BOS) |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19820123-0 |access-date=2021-01-24 |website=Aviation Safety Network |publisher=[[Flight Safety Foundation]]}}</ref>
*[[1986]] &ndash; The [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]] inducts its first members: [[Little Richard]], [[Chuck Berry]], [[James Brown]], [[Ray Charles]], [[Sam Cooke]], [[Fats Domino]], [[The Everly Brothers]], [[Buddy Holly]], [[Jerry Lee Lewis]] and [[Elvis Presley]].
*[[1987]] &ndash; [[Mohammed Said Hersi Morgan]] sends a "[[Isaaq genocide#Letter of Death|letter of death]]" to Somali President [[Siad Barre]], proposing the genocide of the Isaaq people.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7w8VAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Balancing+the+well-to-do+to+eliminate+the+concentration+of+wealth%22 |title=Past human rights abuses in Somalia: report of a preliminary study conducted for the United Nations (OHCHR/UNDP-Somalia) |last1=Mburu |first1=Chris |last2=Rights |first2=United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human |author-link2=Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights |last3=Office |first3=United Nations Development Programme Somalia Country |date=1 January 2002 |publisher=s.n. |language=en}}</ref>
*[[1997]] &ndash; [[Madeleine Albright]] becomes the first woman to serve as [[United States Secretary of State]].
*[[1998]] &ndash; [[Netscape]] announces [[Mozilla]], with the intention to release Communicator code as [[open source software|open source]].
*[[2001]] &ndash; Five people attempt to [[Tiananmen Square self-immolation incident|set themselves on fire]] in Beijing's [[Tiananmen Square]], an act that many people later claim is staged by the [[Chinese Communist Party]] to frame [[Falun Gong]] and thus escalate their [[persecution of Falun Gong|persecution]].
*[[2002]] &ndash; U.S. journalist [[Daniel Pearl]] is kidnapped in [[Karachi]], Pakistan and subsequently murdered.
*[[2003]] &ndash; A very weak signal from [[Pioneer 10]] is detected for the last time, but no usable data can be extracted.
*[[2018]] &ndash; A 7.9 {{M|W}} [[2018 Gulf of Alaska earthquake|earthquake]] occurs in the [[Gulf of Alaska]]. It is tied as the [[List of earthquakes in the United States|sixth-largest earthquake]] ever recorded in the United States, but there are no reports of significant damage or fatalities.
*  2018   &ndash; A double car bombing in [[Benghazi]], Libya, kills at least 33 people and wounds "dozens" of others. The victims include both military personnel and civilians, according to local officials.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-security/twin-car-bombs-kill-more-than-20-in-libyas-benghazi-officials-idUSKBN1FC2TC|title=Twin car bombs kill more than 30 in Libya's Benghazi: officials|first=Ayman|last=al-Warfalli|website=reuters.com|date=23 January 2018}}</ref>
*  2018   &ndash; The [[China–United States trade war]] begins when President [[Donald Trump]] places [[First Trump tariffs|tariffs]] on Chinese solar panels and washing machines.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-28|title=Donald Trump - Key Events {{!}} Miller Center|url=https://millercenter.org/president/trump/key-events|access-date=2022-01-11|website=millercenter.org|language=en}}</ref>
*[[2022]] &ndash; Mutinying Burkinabè soldiers led by [[Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba]] [[January 2022 Burkina Faso coup d'état|depose and detain]] President [[Roch Marc Christian Kaboré]] amid widespread anti-government protests.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/01/24/africa/military-detains-president-kabore-intl/index.html|title=Burkina Faso's military seizes power in a coup, detains president and dissolves government|first1=Sam|last1=Mednick|first2=Stephanie|last2=Busari|first3=Niamh|last3=Kennedy|website=cnn.com|date=24 January 2022}}</ref>
*[[2024]] &ndash; [[Northwestern Air Flight 738]] crashes after takeoff from [[Fort Smith Airport]], Northwest Territories, Canada, killing six people.<ref name="cbc">{{cite news |date=23 January 2024 |title=Coroner confirms deaths in plane crash near Fort Smith, N.W.T. |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/fort-smith-nwt-plane-crash-january-23-2024-1.7092137 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240126145336/https://www.cbc.ca/amp/1.7092137 |archive-date=26 January 2024 |access-date=23 January 2024 |work=CBC News}}</ref>