Editing Japanese macaque (section)

== Physical characteristics ==
[[File:Japanese Macaque Skull Nagano.jpg|thumb|left|Skull of a Japanese macaque]]
The Japanese macaque is [[sexual dimorphism|sexually dimorphic]]. Males weigh on average {{convert|11.3|kg|lb|abbr=on}}, while females average {{convert|8.4|kg|lb|abbr=on}}.<ref name=Fooden2005>Fooden J, Aimi M. (2005) "Systematic review of Japanese macaques, ''Macaca fuscata'' (Gray, 1870) ". ''Fieldiana: Zoology'' 104:1-200.</ref> Macaques from colder areas tend to weigh more than ones from warmer areas.<ref name=Hamada1996>Hamada Y, Watanabe T, Iwamoto M. (1996) "Morphological variations among local populations of Japanese macaque (''Macaca fuscata'') ". In: Shotake T, Wada K, editors. ''Variations in the Asian macaques''. Tokyo: Tokai Univ Pr. pp. 97–115.</ref> The average height for males is {{convert|57.0|cm|in|abbr=on}}, while the average female height is {{convert|52.3|cm|in|abbr=on}}.<ref name=Fooden2005/> The weight of their brain is approximately {{convert|95|g|oz|abbr=on}}. Japanese macaques have short stumps for tails that average {{convert|92.5|mm|in|abbr=on}} in males and {{convert|79.1|mm|in|abbr=on}} in females.<ref name=Hamada1996/> The macaque has a pinkish face and posterior.<ref>Rowe N. (1996) ''The pictorial guide to the living primates''. East Hampton (NY): Pogonias Pr. pp. 124–5.</ref> The rest of its body is covered in brown or greyish hair.<ref name=Fooden2005/> The coat of the macaque is well-adapted to the cold and its thickness increases as temperatures decrease. The macaque can cope with temperatures as low as −20&nbsp;°C (−4&nbsp;°F).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hori |first1=Tetsuro |last2=Nakayama |first2=Teruo |last3=Tokura |first3=Hiromi |last4=Hara |first4=Fumie |last5=Suzuki |first5=Masatoshi |title=Thermoregulation of the Japanese macaque living in a snowy mountain area |journal=Japanese Journal of Physiology |date=1977 |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=305–319 |doi=10.2170/jjphysiol.27.305 |pmid=410988|doi-access=free }}</ref>

Macaques mostly move on all fours. They are semiterrestrial, with females spending more time in the trees and males spending more time on the ground. Macaques are known to leap. They are very good swimmers and have been reported to swim a distance of more than half a kilometer.<ref name=Fooden2005/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Takahata |first1=Yukio |last2=Suzuki |first2=Shigeru |last3=Agetsuma |first3=Naoki |last4=Okayasu |first4=Naobi |last5=Sugiura |first5=Hideki |last6=Takahashi |first6=Hiroyuki |last7=Yamagiwa |first7=Juichi |last8=Izawa |first8=Kosei |last9=Furuichi |first9=Takeshi |last10=Hill |first10=David A. |last11=Maruhashi |first11=Tamaki |last12=Saito |first12=Chiemi |last13=Saito |first13=Shizue |last14=Sprague |first14=David S. |title=Reproduction of wild Japanese macaque females of Yakushima and Kinkazan Islands: A preliminary report |journal=Primates |date=1998 |volume=39 |issue=3 |pages=339–349 |doi=10.1007/BF02573082|s2cid=28382748 }}</ref> The lifespan of Japanese macaques is up to 32 years for females and up to 28 years for males, which is high when compared to what typically is seen in other [[macaque]] species.<ref name=Nakamichi1995>{{cite journal |last1=Nakamichi |first1=Masayuki |last2=Kojima |first2=Yasuo |last3=Itoigawa |first3=Naosuke |last4=Imakawa |first4=Shinji |last5=Machida |first5=Shoji |title=Interactions among adult males and females before and after the death of the alpha male in a free-ranging troop of Japanese macaques |journal=Primates |date=1995 |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=385–396 |doi=10.1007/BF02382861|s2cid=45679471 }}</ref>