Editing Jean Ping (section)

==Biography==

=== Personal life ===
Ping was born in [[Omboué]], a small town on the [[Fernan Vaz Lagoon|Fernan Vaz lagoon]], south of [[Port-Gentil]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.africansuccess.org/visuFiche.php?id=445&lang=fr|title=African Success : Biographie de Jean PING|last=www.lesideesnet.com|first=Les Idées Net -|website=www.africansuccess.org|access-date=2018-09-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704034619/http://www.africansuccess.org/visuFiche.php?id=445&lang=fr|archive-date=4 July 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> His father, Cheng Zhiping, called Wang Ping by the Gabonese, was a [[African Chinese|Chinese]] man from [[Wenzhou]], [[Zhejiang]], who was recruited as a labourer in the [[1920s]] and became a timber harvester. Cheng, who married Germaine Anina, a Gabonese daughter of a [[tribal chief]] that was born in Zaire,<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lesafriques.com/africain-de-la-semaine/jean-ping-beaucoup-agir-peu-parler.html?Itemid=195?articleid=6518|title=Les Afriques {{!}} Jean Ping : "Beaucoup agir, peu parler" {{!}} le journal de la finance Africaine|last=Afriques|first=Redaction Les|website=www.lesafriques.com|language=fr|access-date=2018-09-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704010122/http://www.lesafriques.com/africain-de-la-semaine/jean-ping-beaucoup-agir-peu-parler.html?Itemid=195%3Farticleid%3D6518|archive-date=4 July 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> encouraged his son to study in [[France]] with a scholarship from the Gabonese government.

Ping has a doctorate in economic science from the [[Pantheon-Sorbonne University|University of Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne]], which he obtained under René Passet in 1975.<ref name=":0" />

Previously in a relationship with [[Pascaline Bongo Ondimba|Pascaline Bongo]], daughter of president [[Omar Bongo]], with whom he has two children,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/international/2016/08/26/01003-20160826ARTFIG00138-craintes-a-la-veille-des-presidentielles-au-gabon-si-ali-bongo-passe-ils-vont-tout-gaspiller.php|title=Gabon : les électeurs votent pour une présidentielle sous haute tension|date=2016-08-26|work=FIGARO|access-date=2018-09-06|language=fr-FR}}</ref> Ping also has children with Marie-Madeleine Liane. However, he has always remained married to Jeanne-Thérèse, who is of Italo-Ivorian origin. He is the father of eight children.

=== International positions ===
In 1972, Ping  began working as an international civil servant at [[UNESCO]] in Paris. He served as Gabon's Permanent Delegate to UNESCO from 1978 to 1984 before becoming involved in his country's politics. He was also president of [[OPEC]] in 1993.

In 2004, Ping was chosen to be the 59th President of the [[United Nations General Assembly]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.panapress.com/Jean-Ping-elu-president-de-la-59eme-Assemblee-generale-de-l-ONU--13-718412-18-lang4-index.html|title=Jean Ping élu président de la 59ème Assemblée générale de l'ONU|website=www.panapress.com|language=pt|access-date=2018-09-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.un.org/press/fr/2004/GASM345.doc.htm|title=MESSAGE DU PRÉSIDENT DE LA 59ème SESSION DE L'ASSEMBLÉE GÉNÉRALE À L'OCCASION DE LA JOURNÉE DES NATIONS UNIES {{!}} Couverture des réunions & communiqués de presse|website=www.un.org|language=fr|access-date=2018-09-06}}</ref>

Ping was elected Chairperson of the Commission of the [[African Union]] in the first round in 2008.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www1.rfi.fr/actufr/articles/098/article_62231.asp|title=RFI – Jean Ping, nouveau président de la Commission|website=www1.rfi.fr|language=fr|access-date=2018-09-06}}</ref> He left the role in 2012.

=== Political career ===
[[File:Secretary Clinton Shakes Hands With African Union Commission Chairperson Ping.jpg|thumb|Ping shaking hands with US Secretary of State [[Hillary Clinton]] in 2011]]
In 1972, Ping began working at [[UNESCO]] in its Sector for External Relations and Cooperation as an international civil servant.<ref name=UN/><ref name=Bio/> In 1978, he became advisor to the Gabonese embassy in France,<ref name=JA/> and he subsequently became Gabon's Permanent Delegate to UNESCO, in which position he served until 1984.

On returning to Gabon in 1984, Ping began his political career as chief of staff to [[Omar Bongo]], President of the Gabonese Republic.

==== Ministerial career ====
On 26 February 1990, Ping was appointed Minister of Information, Postal Services, Telecommunications, Tourism, Leisure and Parastatal Sector Reform with responsibility for Parliamentary relations and government spokesman. He held the position only briefly before moving to the head of the Ministry of Mines, Energy and Hydraulic Resources from 29 April 1990 to June 1991, then again for nineteen months from 28 August 1992 to 24 March 1994.

On 25 March 1994, Ping was given responsibility for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation for the first time, before becoming Deputy Minister of Finance, Economy, the Budget and Privatization on 30 October.

Ping was elected to the [[National Assembly of Gabon|National Assembly]] from [[Omboué]] in the [[1996 Gabonese legislative election|December 1996 parliamentary election]], the [[2001 Gabonese legislative election|December 2001 parliamentary election]],<ref name="JA" /> and the [[2006 Gabonese legislative election|December 2006 parliamentary election]].<ref>[http://www.cooperation.refer.ga/spip.php?article415 "INFOS SUR M. Jean PING, Vice Premier Ministre en Charge des Affaires étrangères, de la coopération, de la Francophonie et de l’intégration Régionale"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721025619/http://www.cooperation.refer.ga/spip.php?article415|date=21 July 2011}}, cooperation.refer.ga {{in lang|fr}}.</ref><ref>[http://www.assemblee.ga/article.php3?id_article=5 "Liste des Députés par Circonscription"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090403202654/http://www.assemblee.ga/article.php3?id_article=5|date=3 April 2009}}, National Assembly website (accessed 5 January 2009) {{in lang|fr}}.</ref>

Ping was Minister of Planning, Environment and Tourism for two years from 27 January 1997 to 25 January 1999, before again taking responsibility for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation, joined this time by the Francophonie portfolio and with the title of Minister of State. He remained there until his election to Chairperson of the Commission of the African Union on 6 February 2008, a position that he held until 15 October 2012. It was during this final nine-year ministerial term that he served as President of the United Nations General Assembly in 2004–2005.

On 1 February 2014, Ping announced his disillusionment with the ruling Gabonese Democratic Party (PDG) and resigned on 19 February 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://lessouverainistesgabon.wordpress.com/2014/02/20/jean-ping-demissionne-du-pdg/|title=Jean PING démissionne officiellement du PDG|date=2014-02-20|work=Les Souverainistes Gabon|access-date=2018-09-06|language=fr-FR}}</ref> He has since been in open conflict with President Ali Bongo and focused on unifying the opposition forces in a structure called Front uni de l'opposition pour l'alternance (FUOPA).

==== 2016 presidential election ====
At a political meeting in the city of [[Oyem]] on 25 August 2015, Ping officially launched his bid to become the sole opposition candidate standing for the 27 August 2016 [[2016 Gabonese presidential election|presidential election]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://info241.com/presidentielle-2016-jean-ping-candidat-a-la-candidature-unique,1235|title=Présidentielle 2016 : Jean Ping candidat à la candidature unique du Front de l'opposition – Info241|date=2015-08-26|work=Info241|access-date=2018-09-06|language=fr-FR}}</ref>

On the eve of the 2016 presidential election, Ping was, with the outgoing president [[Ali Bongo Ondimba|Ali Bongo]], one of the two favourites, alongside eight other candidates. He was supported by four other candidates who stood aside for him: [[Casimir Oyé-Mba|Casimir Oyé Mba]], the former Prime Minister, [[Guy Nzouba-Ndama]], former president of the National Assembly, Léon Paul Ngoulakia, President Bongo’s cousin, and Roland Désiré Aba'a Minko, an independent candidate.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://french.xinhuanet.com/2016-08/26/c_135636943.htm|title=French.news.cn-Afrique: toute l'actualité sur l'Afrique|website=french.xinhuanet.com|access-date=2018-09-06}}</ref>

According to the official 31 August results provided by the CENAP, Gabon's national elections commission, whose impartiality has been strongly criticized by the opposition, Ali Bongo was declared the victor with 49.8% of the votes.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/monde/afrique/presidentielle-au-gabon-bongo-donne-vainqueur-par-la-commission-electorale_1825950.html|title=Présidentielle au Gabon: Bongo proclamé vainqueur, la France s'en mêle|date=2016-08-31|work=LExpress.fr|access-date=2018-09-06|language=fr}}</ref> His victory was contested as Jean Ping, with 48.2%, was beaten by just 5,594 votes. Frauds were alleged,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lesechos.fr/31/08/2016/lesechos.fr/0211243981541_gabon---l-assemblee-nationale-incendiee-apres-l-annonce-de-la-reelection-d-ali-bongo.htm|title=Gabon : l'Assemblée nationale incendiée après l'annonce de la réélection d'Ali Bongo – Les Echos|website=www.lesechos.fr|language=fr|access-date=2018-09-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.boursier.com/actualites/reuters/ali-bongo-reelu-au-gabon-l-opposition-crie-a-la-fraude-193854.html?fil7|title=Ali Bongo réélu au Gabon, l'opposition crie à la fraude|work=Boursier.com|access-date=2018-09-06|language=fr}}</ref> particularly in the [[Haut-Ogooué Province|Haut-Ogooué province]], Ali Bongo’s stronghold, which saw the turnout reach 99.93% versus 59.5% at national level and 98% of votes cast in his favour.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.leparisien.fr/international/presidentielle-au-gabon-la-commission-electorale-valide-la-reelection-d-ali-bongo-31-08-2016-6083405.php|title=Election présidentielle du Gabon|date=31 August 2016 }}</ref>

In the night of 31 August to 1 September 2016, the headquarters of Ping’s presidential campaign were attacked by military forces, leaving several people dead. Ping has since condemned "the military-electoral coup d'état."

On 2 September, Ping said at a press conference: "the whole world knows who the president of the Republic is: it’s me, Jean Ping." He demanded that the votes be recounted by polling station.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2016/09/02/jean-ping-affirme-etre-le-president-du-gabon_4991890_3212.html|title=Jean Ping s'autoproclame président du Gabon|website=Le Monde.fr|date=2 September 2016 |language=fr-FR|access-date=2018-09-06}}</ref> Earlier on 30 August, the American Ambassador to Gabon called for the results to be published by polling station, stating that "the electors have been let down by numerous systematic failings and irregularities." On 1 September, the [[European Union]] also declared: "Confidence in the election results can only be restored by a transparent verification, polling station by polling station."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.la-croix.com/Monde/Afrique/Gabon-recompte-voix-demande-2016-09-06-1200787073|title=Gabon, le recompte des voix demandé|last=La-Croix.com|date=2016-09-06|website=La Croix|language=fr|access-date=2018-09-06}}</ref>

On 24 September 2016, Bongo was declared the victor by the Constitutional Court with 50.66% of the votes, ahead of Ping with 47.24%.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.france24.com/fr/20160924-gabon-cour-constitutionnelle-rejette-requete-opposant-jean-ping|title=La Cour constitutionnelle du Gabon valide la réélection du président Ali Bongo – France 24|date=2016-09-24|work=France 24|access-date=2018-09-06|language=fr-FR}}</ref> Following the verdict, Ping, who had appealed to the high court under pressure from the international community, spoke to the Gabonese people: "Yesterday, the Court made its ruling despite and against everything, trampling over the sovereignty of the Gabonese people, pointedly ignoring the national and international community’s urgent calls for transparency. But the ruling won’t unite or satisfy the Gabonese people because the people of Gabon won’t recognize it. Nor will the international community give it any credence."<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://info241.com/verdict-de-la-cour-constitutionnelle-la-declaration-integrale-de,2229|title=Verdict de la Cour constitutionnelle : la déclaration intégrale de Jean Ping – Info241|date=2016-09-24|work=Info241|access-date=2018-09-06|language=fr-FR}}</ref>

==== Post-election period ====
Ping decided to wage a peaceful struggle and continue campaigning against Ali Bongo in order to resolve Gabon's political crisis, which for months had been significantly worsening the economic crisis triggered by the fall in raw material prices in 2015 (although manganese was much less affected).<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.mays-mouissi.com/2016/12/02/etude-economie-gabon-etat-lieux-impacts-de-crise-post-electorale-de-2016/|title=[Etude] Economie du Gabon : Etat des lieux et impacts de la crise post-électorale de 2016 - mays-mouissi.com|date=2016-12-02|work=mays-mouissi.com|access-date=2018-09-06|language=fr-FR}}</ref>

Following various reports, the 12 December report of the European Union’s Election Observation Mission (EUEOM), which was written by election observers present at Gabon’s invitation, clearly stated that "These anomalies call in question the integrity of the process of consolidating the results and final result of the election." When Ping concluded an initial world tour of international institutions and bodies in November 2016, he said : "That clearly shows that it’s me, Jean Ping, who won the presidential election. We expect the international community to draw all the necessary conclusions from the report". The African Union (AU) and [[Organisation internationale de la Francophonie|International Organisation of La Francophonie]] (OIF) reports released to date confirm that the wishes of Gabonese voters have been disregarded.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.jeuneafrique.com/382824/politique/presidentielle-gabonaise-rapport-de-lue-denonce-anomalies-preconise-reformes/|title=Présidentielle gabonaise : le rapport de l'UE dénonce des anomalies et préconise des réformes – JeuneAfrique.com|date=2016-12-12|work=JeuneAfrique.com|access-date=2018-09-06|language=fr-FR}}</ref>

On 15 December 2016, Ping appealed to the [[International Criminal Court|ICC]], citing crimes against humanity before and after the disputed 27 August 2016 presidential election. He claimed to have proof that at least 22 people were shot dead by law enforcement forces.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20161217-gabon-cpi-presidentielle-jean-ping-ali-bongo-justice|title=Gabon: la CPI débute l'examen des documents fournis par l'opposant Jean Ping – RFI|work=RFI Afrique|access-date=2018-09-06|language=fr-FR}}</ref>

At Ping's initiative, 'Le Dialogue National Pour l'Alternance' (DNPA) was held from 18 to 23 December 2016. All Gabonese were invited in the aim of debating such essential topics as the claims of victory, post-election crisis, governance and social crises.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://gabonreview.com/blog/dialogue-national-lalternance-aura-lieu-dimanche-18-vendredi-23-decembre-2016-a-libreville-jean-gaspard-ntoutoume-ayi/|title=L'agenda du dialogue de Jean Ping – Gabonreview.com {{!}} Actualité du Gabon {{!}}|date=2016-12-11|work=Gabonreview.com {{!}} Actualité du Gabon {{!}}|access-date=2018-09-06|language=fr-FR}}</ref>

On 2 February 2017, the [[European Parliament]] passed a resolution condemning the human rights violations in Gabon following the 2016 presidential election. It was welcomed by Ping, who said : "We have always called for targeted sanctions. They may take time, but they will come."<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20170202-crise-post-electorale-UE-adopte-resolution-contre-gabon|title=Crise post-électorale: l'UE adopte une résolution contre le Gabon – RFI|work=RFI Afrique|access-date=2018-09-06|language=fr-FR}}</ref>

Throughout 2017, Ping continued to campaign and, as he had done since 2014, organized a countrywide tour (from 1 to 5 March 2017) to Gabon’s three provincial capitals: Oyem in the north; Mouila in the south; and Lambaréné in the centre.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://blogs.mediapart.fr/amdb/blog/020317/lopposant-jean-ping-effectue-un-deplacement-linterieur-du-pays|title=L'opposant Jean Ping effectue un déplacement à l'intérieur du pays|last=amdb|work=Club de Mediapart|access-date=2018-09-06|language=fr-FR}}</ref>

In Libreville on 22 June, Ping was interviewed by members of the [[International Criminal Court|ICC]] Office of the Prosecutor as part of their preliminary examination of post-election violence in Gabon.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.gabonactu.com/jean-ping-bouche-cousue-apres-rencontre-cpi/|title=Jean Ping bouche cousue après sa rencontre avec la CPI - GABONACTU.COM|date=2017-06-21|work=GABONACTU.COM|access-date=2018-09-06|language=fr-FR}}</ref>

Alongside Ping, an international movement led by the Gabonese diaspora has emerged, demanding that the sovereignty of the Gabonese people is recognized and the true election results are acknowledged. During his July 2017 European tour, the protest movement gave him a warm welcome.<ref>{{Citation|last=netinfotvafrique|title=Jean Ping : Sa tournée européenne|date=2017-07-26|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p4yv6itw3bI |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/p4yv6itw3bI |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|access-date=2018-09-06}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.france24.com/fr/20170812-kenya-gambie-gabon-ping-odinga-candidats-presidentielles-reconnaissent-pas-defaite?ref=fb_i|title=Présidentielle : ces candidats africains qui contestent leur défaite – France 24|date=2017-08-12|work=France 24|access-date=2018-09-06|language=fr-FR}}</ref>