Open main menu
Home
Random
Recent changes
Special pages
Community portal
Preferences
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Incubator escapee wiki
Search
User menu
Talk
Dark mode
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Editing
Jedburgh
(section)
Warning:
You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you
log in
or
create an account
, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.
Anti-spam check. Do
not
fill this in!
==History== Jedburgh began as ''Jedworð'', the "worth" or enclosed settlement on the Jed. Later the more familiar word "burgh" was substituted for this, though the original name survives as Jeddart/Jethart.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Non-Celtic Place-Names of the Scottish Border Counties|first=May|last=Williamson|date=1942|publisher=Edinburgh University|url=https://waughfamily.ca/Ancient/MayWilliamsonComplete.pdf|pages=16–17|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150813051112/https://waughfamily.ca/Ancient/MayWilliamsonComplete.pdf|archive-date=13 August 2015}}</ref> Bishop [[Ecgred of Lindisfarne]] founded a church at Jedburgh in the 9th century, and King [[David I of Scotland]] made it a [[priory]] between 1118 and 1138, housing [[Augustinians|Augustinian]] [[monk]]s from [[Beauvais]] in [[France]]. The [[abbey]] was founded in 1147, but border wars with England in the 16th century left it a ruin.<ref name=ency>{{EB1911|wstitle= Jedburgh |volume= 15 |last= |first= |author-link= | pages = 299–300, see page 299 |quote= ...David, prince of Cumbria, here founded a priory for Augustinian monks..... and in 1147, [he] erected it into an abbey...Repeatedly damaged in Border warfare, it was ruined in 1544–45...}}</ref> The deeply religious Scottish king [[Malcolm IV of Scotland|Malcolm IV]] died at Jedburgh in 1165, aged 24. His death is thought to have been caused by [[Paget's disease of bone]].<ref>{{Cite ODNB|title=Malcolm IV (1141–1165), king of Scots|last=Scott|first=W. W.|date=2004-09-23|series=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|language=en|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/17860}}</ref> David I built a [[Jedburgh Castle|castle]] at Jedburgh, and in 1174 it was one of five fortresses ceded to England. It was an occasional royal residence for the Scots. It was demolished in 1409.<ref name=":0">{{Historic Environment Scotland|num=LB35482|desc=Castlegate, Jedburgh Castle Old Jail with exercise yard walls, fortifications, portcullis gates, entrance gates and outer embankment wall|cat=A|access-date=2019-02-21}}</ref> [[File:Jedabbey21 (1).jpg|left|thumb|upright|[[Jedburgh Abbey]]]] In 1258, Jedburgh was a focus of royal attention, with negotiations between Scotland's [[Alexander III of Scotland|Alexander III]] and England's [[Henry III of England|Henry III]] over the succession to the Scottish throne, leaving the [[Clan Cumming|Comyn]] faction dominant. [[Alexander III of Scotland|Alexander III]] was married to [[Yolande of Dreux, Queen of Scotland|Yolande]] in the abbey in 1285.<ref name="Connolly2017">{{cite book|first=Sharon Bennett|last=Connolly|title=Heroines of the Medieval World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vyo2DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT116|date=15 September 2017|publisher=Amberley Publishing|isbn=978-1-4456-6265-7|pages=116–}}</ref> In 1307, James Douglas, fighting for King Robert Bruce, took Jedburgh from the English with little effort.<ref>Crome, Sarah, Scotland's First War of Independence, 1999, at p. 100</ref> Its proximity to England made it subject to raids and skirmishes by both Scottish and English forces but its strategic position also brought the town valuable trade. At various times and at various locations the town supported a horse market, a cattle market, a corn market and a butcher market. Farm workers and servants also attended hiring fairs seeking employment.<ref>{{cite book|last=Olsen|first=Judy|title=Old Jedburgh|year=2003|publisher=Stenlake Publishing|location=Catrine, Ayrshire|isbn=9781840332360|page=3|url=http://www.stenlake.co.uk/books/view_book.php?ref=299|access-date=26 July 2013|archive-date=15 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215115054/http://stenlake.co.uk/books/view_book.php?ref=299|url-status=dead}}</ref> Jedburgh was burnt in September 1523 by an English force commanded by [[William Bulmer (politician)|William Bulmer]] and [[Tempest family|Thomas Tempest]]. The [[Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk|Earl of Surrey]] reported the town had more houses than [[Berwick-upon-Tweed]] and six good towers. The horses stampeded from the English camp, some into the burning town.<ref>Henry Ellis, ''Original Letters'', Series 1 vol. 1 (London, 1824) pp. 214–218.</ref> Such was the panic, [[Thomas Dacre, 2nd Baron Dacre|Lord Dacre's]] men said that the Devil was seen amongst them.<ref>[[Richard Grafton]], ''Chronicle At Large'', 2 (London, 1809), p. 317.</ref> During the war with England now known as the "[[Rough Wooing]]", the Scots and their French allies made plans to fortify Jedburgh in 1549, with the advice of Camillo Marini, an Italian military engineer.<ref>Marie-Noëlle Baudouin-Matuszek, "Un ambassadeur en Ecosse au XVIe siècle: Henri Clutin d'Oisel", ''Revue Historique'', 281:1 (569) (January–March 1989), p. 96.</ref> [[Mary, Queen of Scots]], stayed at a certain house in the town in 1566 and that house is now a museum – [[Mary Queen of Scots House]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.jedburgh.org.uk/attraction-mary-queen-of-scots-house |title=Mary Queen of Scots House |access-date=2017-09-06 |website=Jedburgh.org.uk |date=2012–2017}}</ref> Mary fell ill, and on 25 October 1566, the [[Privy Council of Scotland|Privy council]] issued a "Proclamation to keep good rule at Jedburgh" during the time of her recuperation. No one should pursue their private quarrel and arm themselves, on pain of death for treason.<ref>[[John Parker Lawson]], ''History of Scotland by Robert Keith'', 2 (Edinburgh: Spottiswoode Society, 1845), pp. 468–469.</ref> The title "Lord of Jedburgh Forest" was granted to [[George Douglas, 1st Earl of Angus]] on his marriage to the Princess Mary, daughter of [[Robert III of Scotland|Robert III]] in 1397.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3GQhAQAAMAAJ&pg=PR78|title=The Register of the Privy Council of Scotland|volume=11|year=1894|page=LXXVIII|publisher=H.M. General Register House }}</ref> The titles of [[Archibald Douglas, 1st Duke of Douglas]] included "Viscount Jedburgh Forest", but he died without an heir in 1761.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k7IKAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA159|title=Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct, Or Dormant|publisher=G. Bell and Sons|volume=3|year=1890|page=159}}</ref> On 6 November 1745, the [[Jacobitism|Jacobite]] army led by Prince [[Charles Edward Stuart]] passed through the town on its way to England.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e8tpAAAAMAAJ|title=Prince Charles Edward Stuart: The Young Chevalier|publisher=Longman, Green & Company|first= Andrew|last= Lang|year=1903|page=201}}</ref> The Castle Prison opened in 1823.<ref name=":0" /> In 1787, the geologist [[James Hutton]] noted what is now known as the Hutton [[Unconformity#Angular unconformity|Unconformity]]<ref name="VestigeProspectAMNH"/> at Inchbonny, near Jedburgh.<ref name=Jedwalks>{{cite web |url=http://www.scotborders.gov.uk/download/downloads/id/424/border_brains_walks_guide_2011 |title=Border Brains Walks Berwickshire |access-date=2012-06-29 |author=Graphic Design Section |year=1999 |publisher=Scottish Borders Council |archive-date=18 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018201157/http://www.scotborders.gov.uk/download/downloads/id/424/border_brains_walks_guide_2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://nagt.org/files/nagt/jge/abstracts/Montgomery_v51n5.pdf |title=Siccar Point and Teaching the History of Geology |access-date=2008-03-26 |first=Keith |last=Montgomery |year=2003 |publisher=University of Wisconsin }}</ref> Layers of [[sedimentary rock]] which are tilted almost vertically are covered by newer horizontal layers of red [[sandstone]].<ref name="Unconformity Jedburgh">{{cite web |url= http://www.jedburgh.org.uk/page2/index.html |title= Visitor Attractions. Hutton's Unconformity |access-date= 2012-06-29 |work= Jedburgh online |quote= Whilst visiting Allar's Mill on the Jed Water, Hutton was delighted to see horizontal bands of red sandstone lying 'unconformably' on top of near vertical and folded bands of rock. |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120202070634/http://www.jedburgh.org.uk/page2/index.html |archive-date= 2012-02-02 }}</ref> This was one of the findings that led him to develop his concept of an immensely long [[geologic time scale]] with "no vestige of a beginning, no prospect of an end."<ref name="VestigeProspectAMNH">{{cite web|url=http://www.amnh.org/education/resources/rfl/web/essaybooks/earth/p_hutton.html |title=James Hutton: The Founder of Modern Geology |publisher=[[American Museum of Natural History]] |work=Earth: Inside and Out |year=2000 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303225940/http://www.amnh.org/education/resources/rfl/web/essaybooks/earth/p_hutton.html |archive-date=2016-03-03}}</ref> [[File:Jed town hall awaits the Rideout return.jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[Jedburgh Town Hall]]]] The Scots name for the town is part of the expression "Jeddart justice" or "Jethart Justice", in which a man was hanged first, and tried afterwards.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.turnbullclan.com/features/150-events/275-the-reivers|title=The Reivers|last=Trimble|first=Kim|website=www.turnbullclan.com|language=en-gb|access-date=2018-03-28|archive-date=28 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180328232846/http://www.turnbullclan.com/features/150-events/275-the-reivers|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Jedburgh - Queen Victoria Golden Jubilee Fountain - geograph.org.uk - 2636186.jpg|thumb|left|County Buildings, Castlegate, Jedburgh]] Jedburgh became the county town of [[Roxburghshire]] after the original county town of [[Roxburgh]] was abandoned following the destruction of [[Roxburgh Castle]] in 1460 during the [[Anglo-Scottish Wars]]. In 1812, [[Jedburgh Sheriff Court|County Buildings]] was built at the junction of Market Place and Castlegate in Jedburgh, serving as both a [[sheriff court]] and meeting place for the [[Commissioners of Supply]].<ref>{{Historic Environment Scotland|num=LB35503|desc=Jedburgh Sheriff Court and Justice of the Peace Court (Former County Buildings) including wall and railings, Castlegate, Jedburgh|cat=B|access-date=12 December 2022}}</ref> Roxburghshire County Council was created in 1890 and continued to meet at the County Buildings until 1930 when it moved its meetings to [[Council Headquarters, Newtown St Boswells|County Offices]] at [[Newtown St Boswells]].<ref>{{cite news |title=County Council meeting: Jedburgh meeting place to be abandoned |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/ |access-date=13 December 2022 |work=Hawick News |date=19 December 1930 |page=6}}</ref> The town's name was used for [[Operation Jedburgh]], a clandestine operation by allied soldiers in occupied Europe during the [[Second World War]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Milton |first=Giles |author-link=Giles Milton |title=The Ministry of Ungentlemanly Warfare |publisher=John Murray |location=London |year=2016 |isbn=9781444798951 |page=282 }}</ref>
Edit summary
(Briefly describe your changes)
By publishing changes, you agree to the
Terms of Use
, and you irrevocably agree to release your contribution under the
CC BY-SA 4.0 License
and the
GFDL
. You agree that a hyperlink or URL is sufficient attribution under the Creative Commons license.
Cancel
Editing help
(opens in new window)