Editing Jim Capaldi (section)

==Career==
===Early years===
Capaldi was born Nicola James Capaldi in [[Evesham, Worcestershire]],<ref name="Dead">{{cite web|url=http://thedeadrockstarsclub.com/2005.html|website=Thedeadrockstarsclub.com|title=2005 January to June|access-date=1 May 2011}}</ref> to English parents Marie (née Couchier) and Nicholas Capaldi. His father was born Nicola Capaldi in 1913 in Evesham to Italian parents. As a child, Capaldi studied piano and voice with his father, a music teacher, and by his teens he was playing drums with his friends. At age 14, he founded the band the Sapphires and served as their lead vocalist.<ref name="Fierce kit 1">(1983).  "Pre-Traffic", ''[[Fierce Heart]]'' press kit.</ref> At 16 he took an apprenticeship at a factory in [[Worcester, England|Worcester]], where he met Keith Miller and  [[Dave Mason]].<ref name="Fierce kit 1"/> In 1963 he formed [[The Hellions (band)|the Hellions]],<ref name="Dead"/> with Mason on guitar and Gordon Jackson on rhythm guitar, while Capaldi himself switched to drums. In August 1964, Tanya Day took the Hellions to the [[Star-Club]] in Hamburg, Germany, as her backing group. [[The Spencer Davis Group]] were staying at the same hotel as the Hellions and it was there that Steve Winwood befriended Capaldi and Mason.

Back in Worcester, the Hellions provided backing to visiting performers including [[Adam Faith]] and [[Dave Berry (musician)|Dave Berry]]. By the end of 1964, they had a London residency at the Whisky a Go Go Club. In 1964–65 the band released three singles, but none charted.<ref>Joynson, Vernon (1995). [http://alextsu.narod.ru/borderlinebooks/us6070s/index.html ''The Tapestry of Delights''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110825082620/http://alextsu.narod.ru/borderlinebooks/us6070s/index.html |date=25 August 2011 }}. London: Borderline Books. See entry on "The Hellions".</ref> Later that year [[John "Poli" Palmer]] joined the band on drums and Capaldi became the lead vocalist.<ref name="Story notes">(2011). In ''Dear Mr Fantasy: The Jim Capaldi Story'' (pp.32–43) [CD booklet]. London: Freedom Songs Ltd.</ref>

The Hellions moved back to Worcester in 1966 where they changed their name to the Revolution, releasing a fourth single that also failed to chart. Disillusioned, Dave Mason left the band. Capaldi replaced Mason with [[Luther Grosvenor]] and renamed the band Deep Feeling.<ref name="Dead"/> Capaldi, Jackson, and Palmer wrote original songs for the band that were heavier than the Hellions repertoire. They played [[concert|gig]]s in [[Birmingham]] and the surrounding [[Black Country]] area; former [[The Yardbirds|Yardbirds]] manager [[Giorgio Gomelsky]] offered them a recording contract.<ref name="Story notes"/> They recorded several studio tracks from 1966 to 1968 which remained unreleased until 2009, when the album ''Pretty Colours'' was released by Sunbeam Records.

===First success===
Capaldi and the band played frequently in London, and [[Jimi Hendrix]] played guitar with them at the Knuckles Club as an unknown musician. Back in Birmingham Capaldi would occasionally join his friends Mason, Winwood, and [[Chris Wood (rock musician)|Chris Wood]] for after-hours impromptu performances at [[The Elbow Room]] club on Aston High Street.<ref name="Mojo">Black, Johnny (May 1997). [http://www.stevewinwood.com/news/5765 Feature: Steve Winwood] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928165937/http://www.stevewinwood.com/news/5765 |date=28 September 2011 }}, ''[[Mojo (magazine)|Mojo]]''.</ref> Early in 1967 they formalised this arrangement by forming [[Traffic (band)|Traffic]], and Deep Feeling disbanded.

The new band was signed by [[Island Records]] and rented a quiet [[cottage]] in [[Aston Tirrold]], Berkshire, to write and rehearse new material.<ref name="Mojo"/> The cottage did not remain quiet and had frequent visitors including [[Eric Burdon]], [[Eric Clapton]], and [[Pete Townshend]] as well as [[Trevor Burton]] (of [[The Move]]) amongst many others.

Capaldi wrote the lyrics for Traffic's first single "[[Paper Sun]]", which appeared in the [[UK singles chart]] at number 5 in summer 1967. This was the beginning of a songwriting partnership between him and Winwood which would produce the overwhelming majority of Traffic's songs: With the exception of "No Face, No Name, No Number", Capaldi would pen a lyric first, and then hand it over to Winwood to write the music.<ref>Perrone, Pierre (29 January 2005). [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/jim-capaldi-488707.html Jim Capaldi: Extrovert drummer, singer, and songwriting with the rock group Traffic], ''[[The Independent]]''.</ref>

Despite his key role in writing the band's material, Capaldi rarely sang lead vocals with Traffic, and his lyrics were nearly always keyed towards Winwood's soulful voice rather than his own more hard-edged vocal style.

Two more Traffic singles were released successfully in 1967, and in December the band released the album ''[[Mr. Fantasy]]''. After one further album, ''[[Traffic (Traffic album)|Traffic]]'', the group disbanded.<ref name="Mojo"/>

===Traffic revival===
[[File:Traffic are back with a new album & tape, 1970.png|thumb|right|Capaldi (middle) in a [[Billboard Magazine]] advertisement for the Traffic album ''[[John Barleycorn Must Die]]'' in 1970.]]
Capaldi formed another band with Mason, Wood, and [[Mick Weaver]] but the creative tensions that had caused Mason to leave Traffic remained and the resulting quartet lasted only until March 1969. In January 1970 Capaldi and Wood joined Winwood in the studio to record Winwood's solo album. These sessions were so successful that the three of them reformed Traffic to release the album ''[[John Barleycorn Must Die]]''. They then toured the UK and the US with an expanded line-up, which would go on to produce the hit albums ''[[Welcome to the Canteen]]'' and ''[[The Low Spark of High Heeled Boys]]''. The [[The Low Spark of High Heeled Boys (song)|title track]] of the latter, a cynical treatise on the music industry, would prove to be one of Capaldi's most famous lyrics. In addition, "Rock and Roll Stew (part 1)", a rare instance of a Traffic song with Capaldi on lead vocal, was a minor hit in the US.<ref>[http://www.allmusic.com/artist/traffic-p5681/charts-awards Traffic in the US Charts], Allmusic. Retrieved 9 August 2011.</ref>

===Final Traffic years, first solo years===
[[File:Traffic 1973.jpg|thumb|right|Traffic onstage in 1973. Capaldi is in the middle of the five musicians in this photo, somewhat obscured in the background.]]
With Traffic on hiatus due to Steve Winwood's struggles with [[peritonitis]], Capaldi recorded a solo album ''[[Oh How We Danced]]'' in 1972. This set contained a broad variety of musical styles and featured contributions from [[Free (band)|Free]] guitarist [[Paul Kossoff]], the [[Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section]], and several members of Traffic. It was well received by critics and proved to be a modest success in the US, encouraging Capaldi to pursue a solo career alongside his work with Traffic.

After two more albums with Traffic, the group took a short break, allowing Capaldi to record ''[[Whale Meat Again]]'', which was slightly less successful than his debut both in terms of reviews and sales. The title track was a thoroughly hard rocking and unapologetic environmentalist tirade; aggressive sociopolitical-themed songs became a recurring theme in Capaldi's work. He began work on his third solo album, ''[[Short Cut Draw Blood]]'', alongside recording ''[[When the Eagle Flies]]'' with Traffic. As the band set off on the supporting tour, an early single from ''Short Cut'', "[[It's All Up to You]]", made the UK Top 40.<ref name="UK charts"/> Though Capaldi's first major solo hit, it proved only a prelude to the album's chief success. Traffic disbanded after the tour, leaving Capaldi to focus all his efforts on his solo career. ''Short Cut Draw Blood'' appeared the following year. In October 1975, a single taken from the album, a [[cover version]] of [[The Everly Brothers]]' "[[Love Hurts]]", reached number four in the UK chart<ref name="UK charts">[https://archive.today/20120912114305/http://www.theofficialcharts.com/artist/_/jim%20capaldi/ Jim Capaldi in the UK charts], The Official Charts. Retrieved 11 August 2011.</ref> and charted worldwide. The album is considered by many to be his masterpiece, tackling issues such as the environment, government corruption, and drugs. He also embarked on a very brief acting career, appearing in the rarely seen 30-minute short film ''[[Short Ends]]'' (1976), which was directed by [[Esther Anderson (Jamaican actress)|Esther Anderson]] and co-starred [[Judy Geeson]] and Hilary Baker.

===To disco and back===
However, events would conspire to prevent Capaldi from consolidating his solo stardom. He began working on his next album, ''Play it by Ear'', alongside serving as a major collaborator on [[Steve Winwood (album)|Steve Winwood's first solo album]]. ''Play it by Ear'' took an unusually long time to record, and in the meantime, his long-standing relationship with [[Island Records]] fell apart.<ref name="Fierce kit 2">Capaldi, Jim (1983).  "The Ends of Traffic, Soloing & Brazil", ''[[Fierce Heart]]'' press kit.</ref> The album was cancelled as a result, even though an advance single, "Goodbye My Love" (no connection to "Goodbye Love" from Capaldi's previous album), had already been released. Capaldi later described his leaving Island Records as "a leap into the wilderness."<ref>(19 November 1988). [http://www.wolfgangsvault.com/jim-capaldi/concerts/interview-november-19-1988.html Radio interview with Jim Capaldi] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831164924/http://www.wolfgangsvault.com/jim-capaldi/concerts/interview-november-19-1988.html |date=31 August 2011 }}, Wolfgang's Vault.</ref> Due to these delays, it was over two years after ''Short Cut Draw Blood'' that another Jim Capaldi album appeared.

At this time Capaldi wrote the soundtrack to the award-winning film "The Contender", his last recording with the [[Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section]] as his backing band, and correspondingly put together a new backing band for himself called the Contenders. The group consisted of [[Pete Bonas]] (guitar), Chris Parren (miscellaneous keyboards), Ray Allen (saxophone, backing vocals, percussion), and Phil Capaldi (backing vocals, percussion). Bonas was a particularly significant collaborator, and would co-write many of Capaldi's songs. The band chiefly supported him on tour; only one album, ''Electric Nights'', featured the Contenders on every track. At the encouragement of his new label, [[RSO Records]], Capaldi began venturing into [[disco]]. His first album with the label, ''The Contender'', was released in the US with the title ''Daughter of the Night'' and a partially different set of songs. However, the album's internationally released single, "Daughter of the Night", failed to make a major impact.

The follow-up, 1979's ''Electric Nights'', was more successful. "Shoe Shine", which combined disco rhythms and melodies with an angry lead vocal and lyrics about poverty and destitution, reached number 11 in France<ref>(1983).  "Jim Capaldi Solo Career", ''[[Fierce Heart]]'' press kit.</ref> and also entered Billboard's Dance Music/Club Play Singles chart.<ref name="Billboard">[http://www.allmusic.com/artist/jim-capaldi-p3832/charts-awards Jim Capaldi in the USA charts], Allmusic. Retrieved 11 August 2011.</ref> However, despite including both hard rockers such as "Elixir of Life" and "Hotel Blues" and laments such as "Short Ends" and "Wild Geese" alongside the disco-flavoured numbers, Capaldi retained no fondness for his two albums with RSO, later saying "frankly, they got buried under a pile of disco."<ref name="Fierce kit 2"/>

Switching record labels again, Capaldi dropped the disco elements entirely for his next two albums, ''The Sweet Smell of... Success'' (1980) and ''Let the Thunder Cry'' (1981). The albums were evenly split between mellow pop and embittered hard rock, with "Success" sporting a morbid before/after cover, and some tracks incorporated a [[Latin American music|Latin]] influence from Capaldi's new home, Brazil. However, though "Child in the Storm" reached number 75 in the Netherlands,<ref>[http://swedishcharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Jim+Capaldi+%26+Vicki+Brown&titel=Child+In+The+Storm&cat=s "Child in the Storm" details], swedishcharts.com. Retrieved 13 August 2011.</ref> there was nothing resembling a major hit, not even the folk arrangement of Traffic's "The Low Spark of High-Heeled Boys".

The album ''Let the Thunder Cry'' was released in Brazil by Young/RGE in early 1981 and spawned two big hits there: "Old Photographs", a cover version of "Casinha branca" originally recorded by Gilson in 1979; and "Favella Music". "Old Photographs" became a hit after it was included in the international soundtrack of the Rede Globo soap opera ''Brilhante'' in late 1981. "Favella Music" was also a hit in late 1981.

===Return to stardom===
Capaldi and Winwood had maintained a working partnership since [[Traffic (band)|Traffic]]'s dissolution, contributing to nearly all of each other's solo albums. With his eighth solo album, Capaldi enlisted his old partner as a major collaborator. For the first time, Capaldi played most of the drums himself, and he would continue to do so on future solo albums. However, most of the tracks on ''[[Fierce Heart]]'' were mixed to place emphasis on the synthesizers, often muting Capaldi's vocals. This synth-heavy pop sound was exactly what 1980s audiences were looking for, and "[[That's Love (Jim Capaldi song)|That's Love]]" became his biggest hit in the US, climbing to number 28 in the summer of 1983.<ref>[{{BillboardURLbyName|artist=jim capaldi|chart=all}} "That's Love" chart history], Billboard.com. Retrieved 14 August 2011.</ref> Another single from the album, "Living on the Edge", made it to number 75,<ref>[{{BillboardURLbyName|artist=jim capaldi|chart=all}} "Living on the Edge" chart history], Billboard.com. Retrieved 14 August 2011.</ref> while the album made it to 91 in the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]].<ref name="Billboard"/>

This time Capaldi was able to quickly produce a follow-up, but despite his recent success and appearances by [[Steve Marriott]], [[Snowy White]], and [[Carlos Santana]], 1984's ''One Man Mission'' failed to produce a hit. The album leaned more towards hard rock than ''Fierce Heart'', but drum machines and synthesizers remained major components.
In 1988, Capaldi released ''Some Come Running''. Though the album failed to live up to commercial expectations, it reached number 183 in the US<ref name="Billboard"/> and number 46 in Sweden,<ref>[http://swedishcharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Jim+Capaldi&titel=Something+So+Strong&cat=s Jim Capaldi in the Swedish Charts], swedishcharts.com; retrieved 2 September 2011.</ref> while achieving two hit singles in the Netherlands. Though [[Eric Clapton]] and [[George Harrison]] appeared on "Oh Lord, Why Lord", it was "Something so Strong" which became his biggest hit in the Netherlands, breaking the top 40<ref>[http://www.dutchcharts.nl/search.asp?search=Jim+Capaldi&cat=s Jim Capaldi singles in the Dutch Charts], GfK: Dutch Charts. Retrieved 2 September 2011.</ref> and powering the album itself into the charts.<ref name="Dutch albums">[http://www.dutchcharts.nl/search.asp?cat=a&cat2=s&search=Jim+Capaldi Jim Capaldi albums in the Dutch Charts], GfK: Dutch Charts; retrieved 2 September 2011.</ref>

''Some Come Running'' essentially marked the end of Capaldi's career as a solo artist. He would not record another solo album for well over a decade, though a greatest hits compilation, ''Prince of Darkness'', was released in 1995 and made the charts in the Netherlands.<ref name="Dutch albums"/>

===Collaborations===
Capaldi's success as a lyricist continued throughout his life. In 1990 "One and Only Man", a Steve Winwood song for which Capaldi wrote the lyrics, reached the Top 20 in the US.<ref>[{{BillboardURLbyName|artist=steve winwood|chart=all}} "One and Only Man" chart history], Billboard.com. Retrieved 28 September 2011.</ref> He was a five times winner of [[Broadcast Music, Inc.|BMI]]/Ascap Awards for the "most played compositions in America", and sales of songs written or co-written by him exceeded 25 million units.<ref>Amter, Charlie (28 January 2005). [http://www.eonline.com/news/Traffic_Drummer_Dead_at_60/49124 Traffic Drummer Dead at 60], E! Online.</ref> He numbered [[Bob Marley]] among his friends, and they travelled together while Marley was writing the ''[[Catch A Fire]]'' album.<ref>(2011). In ''Dear Mr Fantasy: The Jim Capaldi Story'' (pp.4–9) [CD booklet]. London: Freedom Songs Ltd.</ref> Capaldi wrote the lyrics to "This Is Reggae Music".

Capaldi was noted for the extent of his collaborations with other musicians. In 1973, he played drums at [[Eric Clapton's Rainbow Concert]] and on some Clapton studio sessions. Capaldi collaborated with [[Robert Calvert]] of [[Hawkwind]] on his critically acclaimed 1974 solo album [[Captain Lockheed and the Starfighters]], contributing as a vocal actor on the concept album's theatrical sections between songs. In the 1980s, Capaldi collaborated with [[Carlos Santana]] contributing songs and ideas to Santana's projects and in the 1990s he co-wrote (with [[Paul Carrack]]) the song "[[Love Will Keep Us Alive]]", which was eventually used on [[the Eagles]]' successful ''[[Hell Freezes Over]]'' album. In 1993, Traffic reformed and toured the US and UK.  Capaldi and Winwood recorded a new album, ''[[Far from Home (Traffic album)|Far from Home]]'', without the other members of the band. In 1998 he paired up again with Mason on an extensive American tour. {{citation needed|date=February 2015}}

===The final years===
In 2001, Capaldi's eleventh solo album ''Living on the Outside'' featured [[George Harrison]], [[Steve Winwood]], [[Paul Weller (singer)|Paul Weller]], [[Gary Moore]], and [[Ian Paice]]. [[George Harrison]] played guitar on the track "Anna Julia", an English translation of a song by the Brazilian band [[Los Hermanos]]. Both Capaldi brothers played at the [[Concert for George]] in 2002.