Editing Jonas Hanway (section)

==Life==
Hanway was born in [[Portsmouth]], on the south coast of England. While still a child, his father, who had been a [[victualler]], died, and the family subsequently moved to [[London]].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}

In 1729, Jonas was apprenticed to a merchant in [[Lisbon]]. In 1743, after he had been in business for himself for some time in London, he became a partner with Mr Dingley, a merchant in [[St Petersburg]], and in this way was led to travel in [[Russia]] and [[Persia]]. Leaving St Petersburg on 10 September 1743, and passing south by [[Moscow]], [[Tsaritsyn]] and [[Astrakhan]], he embarked on the [[Caspian Sea]] on 22 November and arrived at [[Astrabad]] on 18 December. Here his goods were seized by [[Mohammed Hassan Beg]], and it was only after great privations that he reached the camp of [[Nadir Shah]], under whose protection he recovered most (85%) of his property.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}

His return journey was embarrassed by sickness (at [[Resht]]), attacks from pirates, and six weeks' quarantine; he only arrived at St Petersburg on 1 January 1745. He again left the Russian capital on 9 July 1750 and travelled through [[Germany]] and the [[Netherlands]] to England (28 October). The rest of his life was mostly spent in London, where the narrative of his travels (published in 1753) soon made him a man of note, and where he devoted himself to philanthropy and good citizenship.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}
[[File:Portrait of Jonas Hanway, seated at a table beside a surveyor's theodolite and a classical urn, overlooking a landscape (by Arthur Devis).jpg|thumb|Hanway by [[Arthur Devis]]]]

<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:JonasHanway.jpg|thumb|left|Advertising cartouche of Jonas Hanway, used by [[Kendall & Sons Ltd]] umbrella manufacturers{{puic|1=JonasHanway.jpg|log=2009 March 26}}]] -->
In 1756, Hanway founded [[The Marine Society]], to keep up the supply of British seamen; in 1758, he became a governor of the [[Foundling Hospital]], a position which was upgraded to vice president in 1772; he was instrumental in the establishment the [[Magdalen Hospital]]; in 1761 he procured a better system of parochial birth registration in London; and in 1762 he was appointed a commissioner for victualling the navy (10 July); this office he held until October 1783.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}

He died, unmarried, on 5 September 1786 aged 74 and was buried in the crypt at [[St. Mary's Church, Hanwell]]. A monument to his memory, sculpted by [[John Francis Moore (sculptor)|John Francis Moore]] was erected in the north transept<ref>[[Arthur Penrhyn Stanley|Stanley, A.P.]], ''Historical Memorials of Westminster Abbey'' ([[London]]; [[John Murray (publishing house)|John Murray]]; [[1882]]), p. 248.</ref> at [[Westminster Abbey]] in 1786.<ref>Dictionary of British Sculptors, 1660-1851</ref>

Hanway was the first male Londoner, it is said, to carry an umbrella, (following women who had been using umbrellas since 1705) <ref>{{Cite book|title=Britain Etc.: The way we live and how we got there|last=Easton|first=M|publisher=Simon and Schuster UK Ltd.|year=2013|isbn=978-1-47112-918-6|location=London|pages=224}}</ref> and he lived to triumph over all the [[hackney carriage|hackney coachmen]] who tried to hoot and hustle him down.<ref>[[William John Thoms]], [[John Doran (writer)|John Doran]], [[Henry Frederick Turle]], [[Joseph Knight (critic)|Joseph Knight]], Vernon Horace Rendall, Florence Hayllar (1850) [https://books.google.com/books?id=clsCAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA25 Notes and Queries: Umbrellas]. [[Oxford University Press]], pp.25. Retrieved 2006-10-30.</ref> He attacked vail-giving, or tipping, with some temporary success; by his onslaught upon tea drinking he became involved in controversy with [[Samuel Johnson]] and [[Oliver Goldsmith]]. His last efforts were on behalf of child [[chimney sweep|chimney-sweeps]]. He also advocated [[solitary confinement]] for prisoners and opposed naturalisation of non-British Jews.<ref>Hanway, Jonas (1776) [https://books.google.com/books?id=8VNtvyCNiRYC&dq=%22jonas+Hanway%22&pg=PA4 Solitude in Imprisonment: With Proper Profitable Labour and a Spare Diet, the Most Humane and...] J. Bew. Retrieved 2006-10-30.</ref>{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}