Editing Jonathan Pollard (section)

==Early life==
Jonathan Jay Pollard was born in [[Galveston, Texas]], in 1954, to a [[Jewish]] family, the youngest of three siblings born to Morris and Mildred "Molly" Klein (Kahn) Pollard. In 1961, his family relocated to [[South Bend, Indiana]], where his father Morris, an award-winning [[microbiologist]], taught at the [[University of Notre Dame]].<ref name="hersh" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.politico.com/story/2014/04/jonathan-pollard-10-things-to-know-105293.html|title=Jonathan Pollard: 10 things to know|work= Politico|first=Lucy|last=McCalmont|date=April 2, 2014|access-date=December 30, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/story/news/local/2014/03/31/us-talks-with-israel-on-jonathan-pollard-release/46208987/|title=U.S. talks with Israel on Jonathan Pollard release|first=MATTHEW LEE and JOSEF|last=FEDERMAN|website=South Bend Tribune}}</ref>

At an early age, Pollard became aware of the horrific toll [[the Holocaust]] had taken on his mother's family,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newspapers.library.in.gov/cgi-bin/indiana?a=d&d=JPOST20011212-01.1.12&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------|title=Jewish Post 12 December 2001 — Hoosier State Chronicles: Indiana's Digital Historic Newspaper Program|website=newspapers.library.in.gov}}</ref> the Kleins (Kahns) from [[Vilna]] in [[Lithuania]],<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/gdpr-consent/?next_url=https%3a%2f%2fwww.washingtonpost.com%2fnational%2fthe-spy-whos-been-left-in-the-cold%2f2013%2f02%2f15%2fdecce774-77ba-11e2-8f84-3e4b513b1a13_story.html The spy who's been left in the cold], Washington Post</ref> and shortly before his [[bar mitzvah]], he asked his parents to visit the Nazi [[death camps]].<ref name="bjpa-article">{{cite web|author=Avi Weiss|title=With Jonathan Pollard|url=http://www.bjpa.org/Publications/details.cfm?PublicationID=9579|publisher=[[Berman Jewish Policy Archive @ NYU Wagner|Berman Jewish Policy Archive]]|date=April 30, 1993|access-date=December 21, 2013}}</ref> Pollard's family made a special effort to instill a sense of Jewish identity in their children, which included devotion to [[Zionism|Zionism]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The Jonathan Jay Pollard Spy Case|url=http://www.crimelibrary.com/terrorists_spies/spies/pollard/2.html|work=[[Crime Library]]|access-date=April 22, 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140403074943/http://www.crimelibrary.com/terrorists_spies/spies/pollard/2.html|archive-date=April 3, 2014}}</ref>

Pollard grew up with what he termed a "racial obligation" to Israel,<ref>[[#refBlitzer1989|Blitzer 1989]], pp. 19–20.</ref> and made his first visit to Israel in 1970, as part of a science program visiting the [[Weizmann Institute of Science]] in [[Rehovot]]. While there, he was hospitalized after a fight with another student. One Weizmann scientist remembered Pollard as leaving behind "a reputation of being a troublemaker".<ref>[[#refBlitzer1989|Blitzer 1989]], p. 30</ref>

After completing high school, Pollard attended [[Stanford University]], where he completed a degree in [[political science]] in 1976.<ref name="hersh" /> While there, he is remembered by several of his acquaintances as having boasted that he was a dual citizen of the United States and Israel, claiming to have worked for [[Mossad]], to have attained the rank of [[Israel Defense Forces ranks|colonel]] in the [[Israel Defense Forces]] (even sending himself a telegram addressed to "Colonel Pollard"), and to have killed an Arab while on guard duty at a [[kibbutz]]. He also claimed that his father, Morris Pollard<ref>[https://magazine.nd.edu/stories/deaths-in-the-family-17/ "Deaths in the family"]. ''Notre Dame Magazine''. Autumn 2011.</ref> was a CIA operative, and to have fled [[Czechoslovakia]] as a child during the [[Prague Spring]] in 1968 when his father's CIA role there was discovered. None of these claims were true.<ref>[[#refOlive2006|Olive 2006]], p. 2</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/terrorists_spies/spies/pollard/2.html|title=The Jonathan Jay Pollard Spy Case – A Bullied Boy – Crime Library |last=Noe|first=Denise |publisher=[[TruTV]]|date=August 7, 1954|access-date=July 26, 2012| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217224524/http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/terrorists_spies/spies/pollard/2.html | archive-date=December 17, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>[[#refBlitzer1989|Blitzer 1989]], pp. 35–36</ref><ref>Richelson, Jeffrey T.: ''A Century of Spies: Intelligence in the Twentieth Century'', p. 398</ref> Later, Pollard enrolled in several graduate schools, but never completed a post-graduate degree.<ref name="hersh" />

Pollard's future wife, Anne Henderson (born 1960), relocated to Washington, D.C., during the autumn of 1978 to live with her (recently divorced) father, Bernard Henderson. During the summer of 1981, she moved into a house on [[Capitol Hill]] with two other women and, through a friend of one of her roommates, she first met Pollard. He later said he had fallen in love during their first meeting—they were "an inseparable couple" by November 1981, and in June 1982, when her Capitol Hill lease expired, she moved into Pollard's apartment in [[Arlington, Virginia]].<ref>Henderson, ''Pollard: A Spy's Story'' (1988) pp. 112–115.</ref> In December 1982, the couple moved into downtown Washington, D.C., to a two-bedroom apartment at 1733 20th Street NW, near [[Dupont Circle]]. They married on August 9, 1985, more than a year after Pollard began spying for Israel, in a civil ceremony in Venice, Italy.<ref>{{cite news|last=Katz |first=Leslie|title=Jonathan Pollard's ex-wife trying to build new life|url=http://www.jweekly.com/article/full/10243/jonathan-pollard-s-ex-wife-trying-to-build-new-life/|access-date=April 22, 2014|newspaper=[[Jweekly]]|date=February 26, 1999}}</ref> At the time of their arrest, in November 1985, they were paying US$750 ({{Inflation|index=US|value=750|start_year=1985|fmt=eq}}) per month in rent.<ref>Henderson, p. 116.</ref>