Editing Josiah Royce (section)

==Life==
Royce, born on November 20, 1855, in [[Grass Valley, California|Grass Valley]], [[California]], was the son of Josiah and [[Sarah Royce|Sarah Eleanor (Bayliss) Royce]], whose families were recent English emigrants and who sought their fortune in the [[California Gold Rush|westward movement]] of the American pioneers in 1849. In 1875 he received a [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]] from the [[University of California, Berkeley]] (which moved from Oakland to Berkeley during his matriculation), where he later accepted an instructorship teaching English composition, literature, and rhetoric.

While at the university, he studied with [[Joseph LeConte]], Professor of Geology and Natural History and a prominent spokesperson for the compatibility between evolution and religion. In a memorial published shortly after LeConte's death,<ref>{{cite journal |first=Josiah |last=Royce |title=Joseph LeConte |journal=The International Monthly |volume=4 |date=July 1, 1901 |pages=324–334 }}</ref> Royce described the impact of LeConte's teaching on his own development, writing: "the wonder thus aroused was, for me, the beginning of philosophy" (p.&nbsp;328). After studying logic under [[Hermann Lotze]] at the [[University of Göttingen]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rudolph Hermann Lotze (1817–1881)|url=https://iep.utm.edu/lotze/ |access-date=2023-01-23}}</ref> he returned to the United States to finish his doctorate at [[Johns Hopkins University]],<ref>{{Cite book|last=McDermott|first=John J.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xIuUDwAAQBAJ&q=Josiah+Royce+history+american+west&pg=PT18|title=The Basic Writings of Josiah Royce, Volume I: Culture, Philosophy, and Religion|year=2018|publisher=Fordham Univ Press|isbn=978-0-8232-8279-1|language=en}}</ref> where he was awarded one of the institution's first four doctorates, in [[philosophy]] in 1878. At Johns Hopkins he taught a course on the history of German thought, which was “one of his chief interests” because he was able to give consideration to the philosophy of history.<ref>{{cite journal |first=Earl |last=Pomeroy | authorlink = Earl S. Pomeroy |title=Josiah Royce, Historian in Quest of Community |journal=The Pacific Historical Review |volume=40 |year=1971 |issue=1 |pages=1–20 |doi=10.2307/3637826 |jstor=3637826 }}</ref> After four years at the University of California, Berkeley, he went to [[Harvard University|Harvard]] in 1882 as a [[sabbatical]] replacement for [[William James]],<ref>{{Cite book|last=James|first=William|title=The Varieties of Religious Experience|publisher=OUP Oxford|year=2012|isbn=978-0-19-969164-7|location=Oxford, UK|pages=xxxiv}}</ref> who was Royce's friend and philosophical antagonist. Royce's position at Harvard was made permanent in 1884, and he remained there until his death on September 14, 1916.

Royce was an elected member of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]], the United States [[National Academy of Sciences]], and the [[American Philosophical Society]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-09 |title=Josiah Royce |url=https://www.amacad.org/person/josiah-royce |access-date=2023-12-20 |website=American Academy of Arts & Sciences |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Josiah Royce |url=https://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/deceased-members/20000959.html |access-date=2023-12-20 |website=www.nasonline.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=APS Member History |url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Josiah+Royce&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced |access-date=2023-12-20 |website=search.amphilsoc.org}}</ref>