Editing Jukebox (section)

==History==
Coin-operated [[music box]]es and [[player piano]]s were the first forms of automated coin-operated musical devices. These devices used [[Music roll|paper rolls]], metal disks, or metal cylinders to play a musical selection on an actual instrument, or on several actual instruments, enclosed within the device.

In the 1890s, these devices were joined by machines which used recordings instead of actual physical instruments.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sfweekly.com/1999-12-01/music/riff-raff/ |title=Riff Raff: Jukebox hero and Gordon Dorsey |first=Mark |last=Athitakis |date=1 December 1999 |website=SF Weekly |access-date=28 May 2009 |archive-date=21 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221135200/http://www.sfweekly.com/1999-12-01/music/riff-raff/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://thegreatgeekmanual.com/blog/category/geek-history Great Geek Manual] – Glass/Arnold patents</ref>

In 1889, Louis Glass and William S. Arnold invented the nickel-in-the-slot phonograph, in [[San Francisco]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-the-jukebox-4076502 |title = How the Era of the Jukebox Came and Went}}</ref> This was an Edison Class M Electric Phonograph retrofitted with a device patented under the name of ‘Coin Actuated Attachment for Phonograph’. The music was heard via one of four listening tubes.<ref name="Weekly">{{cite web |last=Weiss |first=Brett |title=Rock on with vintage jukeboxes |website=Antique Week |date=15 October 2010 |url=http://www.antiqueweek.com/Article.asp?newsid=1796 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

In 1928, Justus P. [[Seeburg Corporation|Seeburg]], who was manufacturing player pianos, combined an electrostatic loudspeaker with a record player that was coin-operated.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Carlisle |first1=Rodney |title=Scientific American Inventions and Discoveries |date=2004 |publisher=Wiley |location=Hoboken, NJ |isbn=0-471-24410-4 |url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/scientificameric0000carl}}</ref> This ‘Audiophone’ machine was wide and bulky because it had eight separate turntables mounted on a rotating Ferris wheel-like device, allowing patrons to select from eight different 10″ 78rpm records. 

Also in 1928, [[Homer E. Capehart]] and some backers founded the Capehart Automatic Phonograph Company, which brought out the Orchestrope. It was a device in which the tone arm slipped between each pair of records in a vertical stack, playing that record on which the needle fell.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pierce |first1=Charles P. |title=Crusin' for tunes |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_boston-phoenix_1982-10-12_11_41/page/n35/mode/1up |access-date=September 26, 2024 |work=The Boston Phoenix |date=October 12, 1982}}</ref>

A similar system to Seeburg’s Audiophone was employed by the [[Mills Novelty Company]] in their 1935 Dancemaster Automatic Phonograph. The [[Seeburg Corporation|Seeburg]] Symphonola “Trashcan” jukebox of 1938 holds 20 10″ 78rpm records each in a shallow centreless drawer so that when the selected record’s drawer opens, the turntable can rise through the open centre of the drawer to lift the record up to meet the pickup arm at the top of the mechanism, where it plays. Working examples of both these instruments may be seen and heard at the [[Musical Museum, Brentford|Musical Museum]], Brentford, England.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MMCatalogue (All) |url=https://www.musicalmuseum.co.uk/mmcatalogue |access-date=2024-08-08 |website=The Musical Museum |language=en}}</ref>

Later versions of the jukebox included Seeburg’s ''Selectophone'' with 10 turntables mounted vertically on a spindle. By maneuvering the tone arm up and down, the customer could select from 10 different records.<ref name="Weekly"/>
	
The word “jukebox” came into use in the United States beginning in 1940, apparently derived from the familiar usage “[[juke joint]]”, derived from the [[Gullah language|Gullah]] word ''juke'', which means “bawdy”.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dictionary.com/browse/jukebox|title=Juke house |publisher=[[Dictionary.com]] |language=en-US|url-status=live |access-date=April 18, 2022 |archive-date=30 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160330092318/https://www.dictionary.com/browse/jukebox}}</ref> Manufacturers of jukeboxes tried to avoid using the term, associated with unreputable places, for many years.<ref name="Wald2010">{{cite book | author = Elijah Wald | date = 3 August 2010 | title = The Blues: A Very Short Introduction | publisher = Oxford University Press | page = 43 | isbn = 978-0-19-975079-5 | oclc = 1014220088 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Q4ZpAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA43}}</ref>

{{multiple image
| image1 = Tableside juke box 01.jpg
| caption1 = Seeburg Wall-o-Matic tableside extension}}
{{anchor|wallbox}}

Wallboxes were an important, and profitable, part of any jukebox installation. Serving as a remote control, they enabled patrons to select tunes from their table or booth. One example is the Seeburg 3W1, introduced in 1949 as companion to the 100-selection Model M100A jukebox. [[Stereo sound]] became popular in the early 1960s, and wallboxes of the era were designed with built-in speakers to provide patrons a sample of this latest technology.

Jukeboxes were most popular from the 1940s through the mid-1960s, particularly during the 1950s. By the middle of the 1940s, three-quarters of the records produced in America went into jukeboxes.<ref name="tcow">{{Cite book |last=Cowen |first=Tyler |title=In Praise of Commercial Culture |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=2000 |pages=164, 166 |isbn=0-674-00188-5}}</ref> ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' published a [[record chart]] measuring jukebox play during the 1950s, which briefly became a component of the [[Billboard Hot 100|Hot 100]]; by 1959, the jukebox’s popularity had waned to the point where ''Billboard'' ceased publishing the chart and stopped collecting jukebox play data.<ref name="NPR">{{cite news |last1=Molanphy |first1=Chris |title=How the Hot 100 Became America's Hit Barometer |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/therecord/2013/08/16/207879695/how-the-hot-100-became-americas-hit-barometer |access-date=14 March 2018 |work=All Things Considered |publisher=NPR |date=1 August 2013}}</ref> Jukeboxes were popular in 1960s and 1970s Japan.<ref>[https://www3.nhk.or.jp/sapporo-news/20240605/7000067489.html 【特集】半世紀前に流行 “ジュークボックス”に魅せられて]. NHK, 北海道 NEWS WEB. 5 June 2024.</ref>

[[File:Jukebox Mimosa Rouge Orphéau.jpg|alt=Jukebox Red|thumb|Orphéau – Sunflower Jukebox for 12″ records]]

As of 2016, at least two companies still manufacture classically styled jukeboxes: Rockola, based in California, and Sound Leisure, based in [[Leeds]] in the UK. Both companies manufacture jukeboxes based on a CD playing mechanism. However, in April 2016, Sound Leisure showed a prototype of a “Vinyl Rocket” at the UK Classic Car Show. It stated that it would start production of the 140 7″ vinyl selector (70 records) in summer of the same year.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.com/capital/story/20160510-why-fans-of-vintage-vinyl-love-this-brand-new-machine |title=Why fans of vintage vinyl love this brand-new machine |first=Norman |last=Miller |date=11 May 2016 |publisher=BBC Capital}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.soundleisure.com/classic-jukeboxes |title=Classic Jukeboxes |publisher=Sound Leisure}}</ref>

Since 2018, Orphéau, based in [[Brittany]] in France manufactures the original styled “Sunflower” Jukebox with the first [[Twelve-inch single|12″ vinyl]] record selector (20 records), on both sides.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Matthieu Defoly invente le jukebox nouvelle génération – Le Journal des Entreprises – Ille-et-Vilaine |url=https://www.lejournaldesentreprises.com/ille-et-vilaine/article/matthieu-defoly-invente-le-jukebox-nouvelle-generation-512148 |access-date=18 November 2020 |website=Le Journal des Entreprises |date=26 August 2020 |language=fr}}</ref>