Editing July 12 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
*[[AD 70|70]] &ndash; The armies of [[Titus]] attack the walls of [[Jerusalem]] after [[Siege of Jerusalem (AD 70)|a six-month siege]]. Three days later they [[17th of Tammuz|breach the walls]], which enables the army to [[Tisha B'Av|destroy]] the [[Second Temple]]. 
* [[927]] &ndash; King [[Constantine II of Scotland|Constantine&nbsp;II of Scotland]], King [[Hywel Dda]] of [[Deheubarth]], [[Ealdred I of Bamburgh|Ealdred of Bamburgh]] and [[Owain ap Dyfnwal (fl. 934)|King Owain of the Cumbrians]] accepted the overlordship of King [[Æthelstan]] of England, leading to seven years of peace in the north.
*[[1191]] &ndash; [[Third Crusade]]: [[Saladin]]'s garrison surrenders to [[Philip II of France|Philip Augustus]], ending the two-year [[siege of Acre (1189–91)|siege of Acre]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Jamie Byrom|author2=Michael Riley|title=Enquiring History: The Crusades: Conflict and Controversy, 1095-1291|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OSLsGe1cvkoC&pg=PT192|date=26 April 2013|publisher=Hodder Education|isbn=978-1-4441-7925-5|pages=192}}</ref>
*[[1335]] &ndash;  Pope [[Pope Benedict XII|Benedict XII]] issues the papal bull [[Fulgens sicut stella matutina]] to reform the [[Cistercians|Cistercian Order]].<ref>Louis Lekai: The Cistercians. Ideals and reality, Kent State UP, 1977, p. 72.</ref>
*[[1470]] &ndash; The [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]] [[Siege of Negroponte (1470)|capture Euboea]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Meserve |first1=Margaret |title=News from Negroponte: Politics, Popular Opinion, and Information Exchange in the First Decade of the Italian Press |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1353/ren.2008.0312 |journal=Renaissance Quarterly |access-date=28 January 2021 |pages=440–480 |doi=10.1353/ren.2008.0312 |date=2006|volume=59 |issue=2 |jstor=10.1353/ren.2008.0312 |s2cid=154360566 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>
*[[1488]] &ndash; [[Joseon Dynasty]] official [[Choe Bu]] returned to Korea after months of shipwrecked travel in China.<ref>[[Timothy Brook (historian)|Brook, Timothy]]. (1998). ''[[The Confusions of Pleasure: Commerce and Culture in Ming China]]''. Berkeley: University of California Press. {{ISBN|0-520-22154-0}} (Paperback), p. 51.</ref>
*[[1493]] &ndash; [[Hartmann Schedel]]'s ''[[Nuremberg Chronicle]]'', one of the best-documented early printed books, is published.
*[[1527]] &ndash; [[Lê Cung Hoàng]] ceded the throne to [[Mạc Đăng Dung]], ending the [[Lê dynasty]] and starting the [[Mạc dynasty]].
*[[1543]] &ndash; King [[Henry VIII of England]] marries his sixth and last wife, [[Catherine Parr]], at [[Hampton Court Palace]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Joseph Timothy Haydn|title=Dictionary of dates, and universal reference|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RiQIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA276|year=1868|pages=276}}</ref>
*[[1562]] &ndash; Fray [[Diego de Landa]], acting [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Yucatán|Bishop of Yucatán]], burns the sacred idols and books of the [[Maya civilization|Maya]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Derek Jones|title=Censorship: A World Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gDqsCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA1573|date=December 2001|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-79864-1|pages=1573}}</ref>
*[[1576]] &ndash; [[Mughal Empire]] annexes [[Bengal]] after defeating the [[Bengal Sultanate]] at the [[Battle of Rajmahal]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Richards |first=John F.|date=1996|title=The Mughal Empire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HHyVh29gy4QC&pg=PA33|publisher=Cambridge University Press|page=33|isbn=978-0-521-56603-2}}</ref>
*[[1580]] &ndash; The [[Ostrog Bible]], one of the early printed [[Bible]]s in a [[Slavic languages|Slavic language]], is published.

===1601–1900===
*[[1691]] &ndash; [[Battle of Aughrim]] ([[Julian calendar]]): The decisive victory of [[William III of England]]'s forces in Ireland.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Thomas Bartlett|author2=Keith Jeffery|title=A Military History of Ireland|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MPZiWhhAmXAC&pg=PA209|date=9 October 1997|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-62989-8|pages=209}}</ref>
*[[1776]] &ndash; Captain [[James Cook]] begins his [[Third voyage of James Cook|third voyage]].
*[[1789]] &ndash; In response to the dismissal of the French finance minister [[Jacques Necker]], the radical journalist [[Camille Desmoulins]] gives a speech which results in the [[storming of the Bastille]] two days later.<ref>{{cite book|author=David Garrioch|title=The Making of Revolutionary Paris|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ra7W1M9bAPIC&pg=PA295|date=17 September 2002|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-93839-7|pages=295}}</ref>
*[[1790]] &ndash; The [[Civil Constitution of the Clergy]] is passed in France by the [[National Constituent Assembly (France)|National Constituent Assembly]].
*[[1799]] &ndash; [[Ranjit Singh]] conquers Lahore and becomes Maharaja of the Punjab ([[Sikh Empire]]).
*[[1801]] &ndash; British ships inflict heavy damage on Spanish and French ships in the [[Second Battle of Algeciras]].
*[[1806]] &ndash; At the insistence of Napoleon, [[Bavaria]], [[Baden]], [[Württemberg]] and thirteen minor principalities leave the [[Holy Roman Empire]] and form the [[Confederation of the Rhine]].
*[[1812]] &ndash; The American [[Army of the Northwest (United States)|Army of the Northwest]] briefly occupies the [[Upper Canada|Upper Canadian]] settlement at what is now at [[Windsor, Ontario]].
*[[1862]] &ndash; The [[Medal of Honor]] is authorized by the [[United States Congress]].

===1901–present===
*[[1913]] &ndash; [[Kingdom of Serbia|Serbian]] forces begin their [[Siege of Vidin (1913)|siege]] of the [[Kingdom of Bulgaria|Bulgarian]] city of [[Vidin]]; the siege is later called off when the war ends.
*  1913   &ndash; The [[Second Revolution (Republic of China)|Second Revolution]] breaks out against the [[Beiyang government]], as [[Li Liejun]] proclaims [[Jiangxi]] independent from the [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]].<ref>Ernest Young, "Politics in the Aftermath of Revolution," in John King Fairbank, ed., ''The Cambridge History of China: Republican China 1912–1949'', Part 1 (Cambridge University Press, 1983; {{ISBN|0-521-23541-3}}, {{ISBN|978-0-521-23541-9}}), p. 228.</ref>
*[[1917]] &ndash; The [[Bisbee Deportation]] occurs as [[vigilante]]s [[kidnapping|kidnap]] and [[deportation|deport]] nearly 1,300 [[strike action|striking]] miners and others from [[Bisbee, Arizona]].
*[[1918]] &ndash; The [[Imperial Japanese Navy]] battleship ''[[Japanese battleship Kawachi|Kawachi]]'' blows up at [[Yamaguchi Prefecture|Shunan]], western [[Honshu]], Japan, killing at least 621.
*[[1920]] &ndash; The [[Soviet–Lithuanian Peace Treaty]] is signed, by which [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Soviet Russia]] recognizes the independence of [[Lithuania]].
*[[1943]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: [[Battle of Kursk]]: [[Nazi Germany|German]] and [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] forces engage in the [[Battle of Prokhorovka]], one of the largest armored engagements of all time.
*[[1948]] &ndash; Israeli Prime Minister [[David Ben-Gurion]] orders the [[1948 Palestinian expulsion from Lydda and Ramle|expulsion of Palestinians]] from the towns of [[Lod]] and [[Ramla]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Morris |first1=Benny |title=Operation Dani and the Palestinian Exodus from Lydda and Ramle in 1948 |journal=Middle East Journal |date=1986 |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=82–109 |jstor=4327250 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4327250 |access-date=10 November 2023 |language=en |issn=0026-3141}}</ref>
*[[1960]] &ndash; [[Orlyonok]], the main [[Young Pioneer camp]] of the [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russian SFSR]], is founded.
*[[1961]] &ndash; [[India]]n city [[Pune]] floods due to failure of the [[Khadakwasla Dam|Khadakwasla]] and [[Panshet Dam|Panshet]] dams, killing at least two thousand people.
*  1961   &ndash; [[ČSA Flight 511 (July 1961)|ČSA Flight 511]] crashes at [[Casablanca–Anfa Airport]] in [[Morocco]], killing 72.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ranter |first=Harro|title=ASN Aircraft accident Ilyushin Il-18V OK-PAF Casablanca-Anfa Airport (CAS) |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19610712-0|access-date=2021-07-11|website=aviation-safety.net|publisher=[[Aviation Safety Network]]}}</ref>
*[[1963]] &ndash; Pauline Reade, 16, disappears in [[Gorton]], England, the first victim in the [[Moors murders]].
*[[1967]] &ndash; [[1967 Newark riots|Riots]] begin in [[Newark, New Jersey]].
*[[1971]] &ndash; The [[Australian Aboriginal flag]] is flown for the first time.
*[[1973]] &ndash; A [[National Personnel Records Center fire|fire]] destroys the entire sixth floor of the [[National Personnel Records Center]] of the United States.
*[[1975]] &ndash; [[São Tomé and Príncipe]] declare independence from Portugal.
*[[1979]] &ndash; The island nation of [[Kiribati]] becomes independent from the United Kingdom.
*[[1995]] &ndash; Chinese [[seismologists]] successfully [[Earthquake prediction|predict]] the [[1995 Myanmar–China earthquake]], reducing the number of casualties to 11.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Ronghui Lin | chapter=Predictions and Social Response Capacities in Face of the 1995 Menglian Earthquake (M = 7.3): An Overview |title=Early Warning Systems for Natural Disaster Reduction |date=2003 |pages=481–486 |doi=10.1007/978-3-642-55903-7_63 |publisher=Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg|isbn = 978-3-642-63234-1}}</ref>
*[[1998]] &ndash; The [[Ulster Volunteer Force]] attacked a house in [[Ballymoney]], [[County Antrim]], [[Northern Ireland]] with a [[Molotov cocktail|petrol bomb]], [[Quinn brothers' killings|killing the Quinn brothers]].
*[[2001]] &ndash; [[Space Shuttle program]]: [[Space Shuttle Atlantis|Space Shuttle ''Atlantis'']] is launched on mission [[STS-104]], carrying the [[Quest Joint Airlock|''Quest'' Joint Airlock]] to the [[International Space Station]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Warnock|first=Lynda|title=STS-104|website=www.nasa.gov|publisher=NASA|url=https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-104.html|access-date=2021-07-06|archive-date=2023-04-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405190626/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-104.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*[[2006]] &ndash; The [[2006 Lebanon War]] begins.
*[[2007]] &ndash; [[United States Army|U.S. Army]] [[Boeing AH-64 Apache|Apache helicopters]] engage in [[July 12, 2007, Baghdad airstrike|airstrikes]] against armed insurgents in [[Baghdad]], [[Iraq]], where civilians are killed; footage from the cockpit is later leaked to the Internet.<ref>{{Cite news| title=Leaked U.S. video shows deaths of Reuters' Iraqi staffers| first=David| last=Alexander| date=April 5, 2010| publisher=Reuters| url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE6344FW20100406| access-date=April 7, 2010| archive-url=https://archive.today/20120909/http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE6344FW20100406| archive-date=September 9, 2012| url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[2012]] &ndash; [[Syrian Civil War]]: Government forces [[Battle of Tremseh|target the homes of rebels and activists]] in [[Tremseh]] and kill anywhere between 68 and 150 people.<ref>{{cite news|title=Assad troops move on Damascus as massacre toll is cut |newspaper=The Independent |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/assad-troops-move-on-damascus-as-massacre-toll-is-cut-7945484.html |access-date=18 July 2012|date=16 July 2012 |location=London|first1=Loveday|last1=Morris|first2=Justin |last2=Vela}}</ref>
*  2012   &ndash; A [[Okogbe tank truck explosion|tank truck explosion]] kills more than 100 people in [[Okobie]], [[Nigeria]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigeria fuel tanker explosion kills at least 95 |date=2012-07-12 |work=Deutsche Welle |url=https://www.dw.com/en/nigeria-fuel-tanker-explosion-kills-at-least-95/a-16091317|access-date=2021-07-13 |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713121407/https://www.dw.com/en/nigeria-fuel-tanker-explosion-kills-at-least-95/a-16091317 |archive-date=2021-07-13}}</ref>
*[[2013]] &ndash; Six people are killed and 200 injured in a French passenger train [[Brétigny-sur-Orge train crash|derailment in Brétigny-sur-Orge]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.france24.com/en/20130714-france-train-derailment-accident-wreckage |title=Operations begin to clear wreckage of derailed train near Paris|publisher=[[France 24]]|date=14 July 2013|access-date=14 July 2013}}</ref>