Editing July 2 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
* [[437]] &ndash; Emperor [[Valentinian III]] begins his reign over the [[Western Roman Empire]]. His mother [[Galla Placidia]] ends her [[Regent|regency]], but continues to exercise [[Politics|political]] influence at the court in [[Rome]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Atkinson|first=Kenneth|title=Empress Galla Placidia and the Fall of the Roman Empire|location=Jefferson, N.C.|publisher=McFarland & Company|date=2020|isbn=9781476682358|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mDnlDwAAQBAJ|page=134}}</ref>
* [[626]] &ndash; [[Li Shimin]], the future [[Emperor Taizong of Tang]], ambushes and kills his rival brothers [[Li Yuanji]] and [[Li Jiancheng]] in the [[Xuanwu Gate Incident]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Chen|first=Jack Wei|title=The Poetics of Sovereignty: On Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty|location=Cambridge, Mass.|publisher=Harvard University Press|date=2010|isbn=9780674056084|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5wlDivOQGakC|pages=23–25}}</ref>
* [[706]] &ndash; In [[China]], [[Emperor Zhongzong of Tang]] inters the bodies of relatives in the [[Qianling Mausoleum]], located on [[Mount Liang]] outside [[Chang'an]].
* [[866]] &ndash; [[Battle of Brissarthe]]: The [[Francia|Franks]] led by [[Robert the Strong]] are defeated by a joint [[Bretons|Breton]]-[[Vikings|Viking]] army.
* [[936]] &ndash; King [[Henry the Fowler]] dies in his [[Kaiserpfalz|royal palace]] in [[Memleben]]. He is succeeded by his son [[Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto I]], who becomes the ruler of [[East Francia]].
* [[963]] &ndash; The [[Byzantine army]] proclaims [[Nikephoros II Phokas]] [[Byzantine emperor|Emperor of the Romans]] on the plains outside [[Kayseri|Cappadocian Caesarea]].
*[[1298]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Göllheim]] is fought between [[Albert I of Habsburg]] and [[Adolf, King of the Romans|Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg]].
*[[1494]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Tordesillas]] is ratified by Spain.
*[[1504]] &ndash; [[Bogdan III the One-Eyed]] becomes [[Voivode]] of [[Moldavia]].
*[[1555]] &ndash; Ottoman Admiral [[Turgut Reis]] sacks the Italian city of [[Paola, Calabria|Paola]].
*[[1561]] &ndash; [[Menas of Ethiopia|Menas, emperor of Ethiopia]], defeats a revolt in [[Emfraz]].
*[[1582]] &ndash; [[Battle of Yamazaki]]: [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]] defeats [[Akechi Mitsuhide]].

===1601–1900===
*[[1613]] &ndash; The first English expedition (from [[Virginia]]) against [[Acadia]] led by [[Samuel Argall]] takes place.
*[[1644]] &ndash; [[English Civil War]]: [[Battle of Marston Moor]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Battle of Marston Moor 1644, Bilton-in-Ainsty with Bickerton - 1000020 {{!}} Historic England |url=https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1000020 |website=historicengland.org.uk |access-date=3 April 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[1645]] &ndash; [[Battle of Alford]]: [[Wars of the Three Kingdoms]].
*[[1698]] &ndash; [[Thomas Savery]] patents the first [[steam engine]].
*[[1723]] &ndash; Bach's [[Magnificat in E-flat major, BWV 243a|Magnificat]] is first performed.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.bach-digital.de/receive/BachDigitalWork_work_00000012?lang=en| title = Magnificat in E flat major [first version] BWV 243.1; BWV 243a; BC E 13 / Magnificat (The Visitation of Mary [2 July])| work = [[Bach Digital]]| access-date = 28 July 2018}}</ref>
*[[1724]] &ndash; On the [[Visitation (Christianity)|Feast of the Visitation]], [[Johann Sebastian Bach|Bach]] leads the first performance of his ''{{lang|de|[[Meine Seel erhebt den Herren, BWV 10|Meine Seel erhebt den Herren]]}}'', BWV{{nbsp}}10, the fifth cantata of his [[chorale cantata cycle]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.bach-digital.de/receive/BachDigitalWork_work_00000303?lang=en | title = Meine Seel erhebt den Herren BWV 10; BC A 175 | work = [[Bach Digital]] | access-date = 24 June 2024}}</ref>
*[[1776]] &ndash; [[American Revolution]]: The [[Second Continental Congress|Continental Congress]] adopts the [[Lee Resolution]] severing ties with the [[Kingdom of Great Britain]], although the wording of the formal [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]] is not adopted until [[July 4]].
*[[1816]] &ndash; The {{ship|French frigate|Méduse|1810|6}} strikes the [[Bay of Arguin|Bank of Arguin]] and 151 people on board have to be evacuated on an improvised raft, a case immortalised by [[Théodore Géricault|Géricault]]'s painting ''[[The Raft of the Medusa]]''.
*[[1822]] &ndash; Thirty-five slaves, including [[Denmark Vesey]], are hanged in [[South Carolina]] after being accused of organizing a [[slave rebellion]].
*[[1823]] &ndash; [[Bahia]] Independence Day: The end of [[Portuguese rule in Brazil]], with [[Siege of Salvador|the final defeat]] of the Portuguese crown loyalists in the province of Bahia.
*[[1839]] &ndash; Twenty miles off the coast of [[Cuba]], 53 kidnapped Africans led by [[Joseph Cinqué]] mutiny and take over the slave ship ''[[La Amistad|Amistad]]''.
*[[1840]] &ndash; A {{M|s}} [[1840 Ahora earthquake|7.4 earthquake]] strikes present-day Turkey and Armenia; combined with the effects of an eruption on [[Mount Ararat]], kills 10,000 people.<ref name="KarakhanianOther2004a">{{cite journal |last1=Karakhanian|first1=A.S. |last2=Trifonov|first2=V.G. |last3=Philip|first3=H. |last4=Avagyan|first4=A. |last5=Hessami|first5=K. |last6=Jamali|first6=F. |last7=Bayraktutan|first7=M. S. |last8=Bagdassarian|first8=H. |last9=Arakelian|first9=S. |last10=Davtian|first10=V. |last11=Adilkhanyan |first11=A. |title = Active faulting and natural hazards in Armenia, Eastern Turkey and North-Western Iran |journal=[[Tectonophysics (journal)|Tectonophysics]] |year=2004 |volume=380 |issue=3–4 |pages=189–219 |doi = 10.1016/j.tecto.2003.09.020 |bibcode=2004Tectp.380..189K }}</ref>
*[[1853]] &ndash; The Russian Army crosses the Prut river into the [[Danubian Principalities]] ([[Moldavia]] and [[Wallachia]]), providing the spark that will [[Crimean War#First hostilities|set off the Crimean War]].
*[[1864]] &ndash; [[Dimitri Atanasescu]] founds the first Romanian school in the Balkans for the [[Aromanians]] in [[Trnovo, Bitola|Trnovo]], in the Ottoman Empire (now in [[North Macedonia]]).<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://yadda.icm.edu.pl/yadda/element/bwmeta1.element.ojs-doi-10_14746_bp_2015_22_8|title=The Aromanian-Romanian national movement (1859-1905): an analytical model|first=Vladimir|last=Crețulescu|journal=Balcanica Posnaniensia. Acta et studia|volume=22|issue=1|pages=99–121|year=2015|doi=10.14746/bp.2015.22.8|doi-access=free}}</ref>
*[[1871]] &ndash; [[Victor Emmanuel II of Italy]] enters Rome after having conquered it from the [[Papal States]].
*[[1881]] &ndash; [[Charles J. Guiteau]] shoots and fatally wounds U.S. President [[James A. Garfield]] (who will die of complications from his wounds on September 19).
*[[1890]] &ndash; The [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]] passes the [[Sherman Antitrust Act]].
*[[1897]] &ndash; British-Italian engineer [[Guglielmo Marconi]] obtains a patent for [[History of radio|radio]] in London.
*[[1900]] &ndash; An [[airship]] designed and constructed by Count [[Ferdinand von Zeppelin]] of Germany made its first flight on [[Lake Constance]] near Friedrichshafen.<ref>{{cite book|first=Jacques|last=Legrand|title=Chronicle of the 20th Century|publisher=Ecam Publication|year=1987|page=16|isbn=0-942191-01-3}}</ref>
*  1900   &ndash; [[Jean Sibelius]]' ''[[Finlandia]]'' receives its première performance in Helsinki with the [[Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra|Helsinki Philharmonic Society]] conducted by [[Robert Kajanus]].

===1901–present===
*[[1921]] &ndash; [[World War I]]: U.S. President [[Warren G. Harding]] signs the [[Knox–Porter Resolution]] formally ending the war between the United States and [[Weimar Republic|Germany]]. 
*[[1934]] &ndash; The [[Night of the Long Knives]] ends after three days of killings.
*[[1937]] &ndash; [[Amelia Earhart]] and navigator [[Fred Noonan]] are last heard from over the Pacific Ocean while attempting to make the first equatorial round-the-world flight.<ref>{{cite web |title=Amelia Earhart {{!}} Biography, Disappearance, & Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Amelia-Earhart |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=12 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[1940]] &ndash; Indian independence leader [[Subhas Chandra Bose]] is arrested and detained in [[Kolkata|Calcutta]].
*  1940   &ndash; The [[SS Arandora Star|SS ''Arandora Star'']] is sunk by [[U-47 (1938)|U-47]] in the [[North Atlantic]] with the loss of over 800 lives, mostly civilians. 
*[[1962]] &ndash; The first [[Walmart]] store, then known as Wal-Mart, opens for business in [[Rogers, Arkansas]].
*[[1964]] &ndash; [[Civil rights movement]]: U.S. President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] signs the [[Civil Rights Act of 1964]] meant to prohibit segregation in public places.
*[[1966]] &ndash; France conducts its first [[1966–70 French nuclear tests|nuclear weapon test]] in the Pacific, on [[Moruroa]] Atoll.
*[[1976]] &ndash; End of [[Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam|South Vietnam]]; Communist [[North Vietnam]] annexes the former [[South Vietnam]] to form the unified [[Vietnam|Socialist Republic of Vietnam]].
*[[1986]] &ndash; [[Rodrigo Rojas DeNegri|Rodrigo Rojas]] and [[Carmen Gloria Quintana]] are burnt alive during a street demonstration against the [[Military dictatorship of Chile (1973–90)|dictatorship]] of General [[Augusto Pinochet]] in [[Chile]].
*  1986   &ndash; [[Aeroflot Flight 2306]] crashes while attempting an emergency landing at [[Syktyvkar Airport]] in [[Syktyvkar]], in present-day [[Komi Republic]], [[Russia]], killing 54 people.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ranter|first=Harro|title=ASN Aircraft accident Tupolev Tu-134AK CCCP-65120 Kopsa|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19860702-1|access-date=2021-05-18|website=aviation-safety.net|publisher=[[Aviation Safety Network]]}}</ref>
*[[1988]] &ndash; [[Marcel Lefebvre]] and [[Econe consecrations|the four bishops]] he consecrated were [[Excommunication|excommunicated]] by the [[Holy See]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=APOSTOLIC LETTER "ECCLESIA DEI"|url=http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_commissions/ecclsdei/documents/hf_jp-ii_motu-proprio_02071988_ecclesia-dei_en.html|access-date=2021-04-17|website=www.vatican.va}}</ref>
*[[1990]] &ndash; In the [[1990 Mecca tunnel tragedy]], 1,400 Muslim pilgrims are suffocated to death and trampled upon in a pedestrian tunnel leading to the holy city of [[Mecca]].<ref>{{cite news|title=1,400 Reported Killed in Mecca Tunnel Crush|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=July 3, 1990|access-date=July 2, 2020|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-07-03-mn-607-story.html|postscript=none}}; {{cite news|title=A History of Hajj Tragedies|work=The Guardian|date=13 January 2006|access-date=July 2, 2020|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/jan/13/saudiarabia}}</ref>
*[[1994]] &ndash; [[USAir Flight 1016]] crashes near [[Charlotte Douglas International Airport]], killing 37 of the 57 people on board.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ranter|first=Harro|title=ASN Aircraft accident McDonnell Douglas DC-9-31 N954VJ Charlotte-Douglas Airport, NC (CLT)|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19940702-0|access-date=2019-07-06|website=aviation-safety.net|publisher=Aviation Safety Network}}</ref>
*[[1997]] &ndash; The Bank of Thailand floats the [[baht]], triggering the [[1997 Asian financial crisis|Asian financial crisis]].
*[[2000]] &ndash; [[Vicente Fox Quesada]] is elected the first [[President of Mexico|President of México]] from an opposition party, the [[National Action Party (Mexico)|Partido Acción Nacional]], after more than 70 years of continuous rule by the [[Institutional Revolutionary Party|Partido Revolucionario Institucional]].
*[[2001]] &ndash; The [[AbioCor]] self-contained artificial heart is first implanted.
*[[2002]] &ndash; [[Steve Fossett]] becomes the first person to fly solo around the world nonstop in a balloon.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fossett's balloon challenge |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/2078121.stm |website=BBC News |access-date=3 April 2021 |date=2 July 2002}}</ref>
*[[2005]] &ndash; The [[Live 8]] benefit concerts takes place in the [[G8]] states and in South Africa. More than 1,000 musicians perform and are broadcast on 182 television networks and 2,000 radio networks.
*[[2008]] &ndash; [[Colombian conflict]]: [[Íngrid Betancourt]], a member of the [[Chamber of Representatives of Colombia]], is released from captivity after being held for six and a half years by [[Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia|FARC]].
*[[2010]] &ndash; The [[2010 South Kivu tank truck explosion|South Kivu tank truck explosion]] in the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] kills at least 230 people.
*[[2013]] &ndash; The [[International Astronomical Union]] names [[Moons of Pluto|Pluto's fourth and fifth moons]], [[Kerberos (moon)|Kerberos]] and [[Styx (moon)|Styx]].
*  2013   &ndash; A magnitude 6.1 [[2013 Aceh earthquake|earthquake strikes]] [[Aceh]], [[Indonesia]], killing at least 42 people and injuring 420 others.
*[[2024]] &ndash; [[2024 Uttar Pradesh stampede|A stampede]] during a religious event in [[Uttar Pradesh]], India, leaves at least 121 people dead and 150 others injured.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hrishikesh |first=Sharanya |title=Hathras crush: More than 120 killed at religious event in India |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cv2g7wgj83no |access-date=2024-07-05 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Patel |first=Shivam |last2=Sharma |first2=Saurabh |date=3 July 2024 |title=India stampede killed 121 in wake of massive overcrowding, police say |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/massive-overcrowding-led-stampede-indias-hathras-document-says-2024-07-03/ |website=Reuters}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Raj |first=Suhasini |last2=Yasir |first2=Sameer |last3=Kumar |first3=Hari |date=2024-07-02 |title=Stampede at Religious Gathering in India Kills More Than 100 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/02/world/asia/india-stampede-religious-event.html |access-date=2024-07-05 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>