Editing June 12 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
* [[910]] &ndash; [[Battle of Lechfeld (910)|Battle of Augsburg]]: The [[Hungarians]] defeat the [[East Francia|East Frankish]] army under King [[Louis the Child]], using the famous [[feigned retreat]] tactic of the nomadic warriors.<ref>{{cite book |author=László Kósa |title=A Cultural History of Hungary: From the beginnings to the eighteenth century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ifW3AAAAIAAJ |year=1999 |publisher=Corvina |isbn=978-963-13-4836-1 |page=54}}</ref> 
*[[1206]] &ndash; The [[Ghurid dynasty|Ghurid]] general [[Qutb ud-Din Aibak]] founds the [[Delhi Sultanate]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jackson |first=Peter |title=The Delhi Sultanate: a political and military history |date=2000 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-54329-3 |edition=Reprint |series=Cambridge studies in Islamic civilization |location=Cambridge}}</ref> 
*[[1240]] &ndash; At the instigation of [[Louis IX of France]], an inter-faith debate, known as the [[Disputation of Paris]], starts between a Christian monk and four [[rabbi]]s.<ref>{{cite book |author=Avner Falk |title=A Psychoanalytic History of the Jews |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z10-Xz9Kno4C&pg=PA488 |year=1996 |publisher=Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press |isbn=978-0-8386-3660-2 |pages=488}}</ref>
*[[1381]] &ndash; [[Peasants' Revolt]]: In [[Kingdom of England|England]], rebels assemble at [[Blackheath, London|Blackheath]], just outside London.<ref>{{cite book |author=Henry De Beltgens Gibbins |title=Industry in England: Historical Outlines |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X5Y0CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA169 |date=14 December 2015 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-27507-7 |pages=169}}</ref>
*[[1418]] &ndash; [[Armagnac–Burgundian Civil War]]: Parisians slaughter sympathizers of [[Bernard VII, Count of Armagnac]], along with all prisoners, foreign bankers, and students and faculty of the [[College of Navarre]].<ref name="Goodrich1963">{{cite book |author=Norma Lorre Goodrich |title=Charles, Duke of Orleans: A Literary Biography |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cXZDAAAAYAAJ |year=1963 |publisher=Macmillan |page=135}}</ref>
*[[1429]] &ndash; [[Hundred Years' War]]: On the second day of the [[Battle of Jargeau]], [[Joan of Arc]] leads the French army in their capture of the city and the English commander, [[William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk]].
*[[1550]] &ndash; The city of [[Helsinki]], Finland (belonging to Sweden at the time) is founded by King [[Gustav I of Sweden]].

===1601–1900===
*[[1643]] &ndash; The [[Westminster Assembly]] is convened by the [[Parliament of England]], without the assent of [[Charles I of England|Charles I]], in order to restructure the [[Church of England]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Letham |first=Robert |title=The Westminster Assembly: Reading Its Theology in Historical Context |series=The Westminster Assembly and the Reformed Faith |year=2009 |publisher=P&R Publishing |location=Phillipsburg, NJ |isbn=978-0-87552-612-6 |page=30}}</ref>
*[[1653]] &ndash; [[First Anglo-Dutch War]]: The [[Battle of the Gabbard]] begins, lasting until the following day.<ref>{{cite book |author=Lincoln P. Paine |title=Warships of the World to 1900 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xh7CSxFeK-IC&pg=PA220 |year=2000 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt |isbn=0-395-98414-9 |pages=220}}</ref>
*[[1665]] &ndash; [[Thomas Willett]] is appointed the first mayor of New York City.<ref>{{cite book |author=New York (N.Y.). Department of Public Works |title=The Renascence of City Hall: Commemorative Presentation, Rededication of City Hall, the City of New York, July 12, 1956 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=koAMAAAAYAAJ |year=1956 |publisher=Published with the cooperation of the co-sponsor DowntownManhattan Association, Incorporated |page=67}}</ref>
*[[1758]] &ndash; [[French and Indian War]]: [[Siege of Louisbourg (1758)|Siege of Louisbourg]]: [[James Wolfe]]'s attack at [[Louisbourg, Nova Scotia]], commences.<ref>{{cite book |author=A. J. B. Johnston |title=Endgame 1758: The Promise, the Glory, and the Despair of Louisbourg's Last Decade |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m73Le-o2NygC&pg=PA232 |date=1 December 2007 |publisher=U of Nebraska Press |isbn=978-0-8032-0986-2 |pages=232}}</ref>
*[[1772]] &ndash; French explorer [[Marc-Joseph Marion du Fresne]] and 25 of his men are killed by [[Māori people|Māori]] in [[New Zealand]].
*[[1775]] &ndash; [[American War of Independence]]: [[British Army|British general]] [[Thomas Gage]] declares [[martial law]] in [[Massachusetts Colony|Massachusetts]]. The British offer a pardon to all colonists who lay down their arms. There would be only two exceptions to the amnesty: [[Samuel Adams]] and [[John Hancock]], if captured, were to be hanged.
*[[1776]] &ndash; The [[Virginia Declaration of Rights]] is adopted.<ref>{{cite book |author=John J. Patrick |title=Founding the Republic: A Documentary History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bPvq0-taGAEC&pg=PA52 |year=1995 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-313-29226-2 |pages=52–}}</ref>
*[[1798]] &ndash; [[Irish Rebellion of 1798]]: [[Battle of Ballynahinch]].<ref>{{cite book |title=McCarty's Annual Statistician |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wHoZAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA124 |year=1879 |publisher=L.P. McCarty |pages=124}}</ref>
*[[1813]] &ndash; [[USRC Surveyor|Capture of USRC ''Surveyor'']].<ref>{{cite web |title=Revenue Cutter Surveyor |url=https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=270570 |website=hmdb.org |publisher=Historical Marker Database |access-date=June 1, 2025}}</ref>
*[[1817]] &ndash; The earliest form of [[bicycle]], the [[dandy horse]], is driven by [[Karl von Drais]].
*[[1821]] &ndash; [[Badi VII]], king of [[Sennar (sultanate)|Sennar]], surrenders his throne and realm to [[Isma'il Pasha]], general of the [[Ottoman Empire]], ending the existence of that Sudanese kingdom.<ref>{{cite book |first1=P. M. |last1=Holt |first2=M. W. |last2=Daly |title=A History of the Sudan: From the Coming of Islam to the Present Day |edition=6th |publisher=Routledge |year=2011 |isbn=978-1405874458 |page=38}}</ref>
*[[1830]] &ndash; Beginning of the [[Invasion of Algiers in 1830|Invasion of Algiers]]: Thirty-four thousand French soldiers land 27 kilometers west of Algiers, at Sidi Ferruch.
*[[1864]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]], [[Overland Campaign]]: [[Battle of Cold Harbor]]: [[Ulysses S. Grant]] gives the Confederate forces under [[Robert E. Lee]] a victory when he pulls his Union troops from their position at [[Cold Harbor, Virginia]] and moves south.
*[[1898]] &ndash; [[Philippine Declaration of Independence]]: General [[Emilio Aguinaldo]] declares the [[Philippines]]' independence from Spain.<ref>{{cite book |last=Halili |first=Maria Christine N. |title=Philippine History |location=Manila |publisher=Rex Book Store |date=2004 |isbn=9789712339349 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gUt5v8ET4QYC |page=162}}</ref>
*[[1899]] &ndash; [[New Richmond tornado]]: The ninth deadliest [[tornado]] in U.S. history kills 117 people and injures around 200.
*[[1900]] &ndash; The [[Reichstag building|Reichstag]] approves new legislation continuing Germany's naval expansion program, providing for construction of 38 battleships over a 20-year period. Germany's fleet would be the largest in the world.<ref>{{cite book |first=Jacques |last=Legrand |title=Chronicle of the 20th Century |publisher=Ecam Publication |year=1987 |page=15 |isbn=0-942191-01-3}}</ref>

===1901–present===
*[[1914]] &ndash; [[Massacre of Phocaea]]: Turkish irregulars slaughter 50 to 100 Greeks and expel thousands of others in an [[ethnic cleansing]] operation in the [[Ottoman Empire]].
*[[1921]] &ndash; [[Mikhail Tukhachevsky]] orders the use of [[chemical weapons]] against the [[Tambov Rebellion]], bringing an end to the peasant uprising.<ref name="black book">Nicolas Werth, Karel Bartošek, Jean-Louis Panné, Jean-Louis Margolin, Andrzej Paczkowski, [[Stéphane Courtois]], ''[[The Black Book of Communism]]: Crimes, Terror, Repression'', [[Harvard University Press]], 1999, hardcover, 858 pages, {{ISBN|0-674-07608-7}}.</ref>
*[[1935]] &ndash; A ceasefire is negotiated between [[Bolivia]] and [[Paraguay]], ending the [[Chaco War]].
*[[1939]] &ndash; Shooting begins on [[Paramount Pictures]]' ''[[Dr. Cyclops]]'', the first horror film photographed in [[Technicolor#Three-strip Technicolor|three-strip Technicolor]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Telotte |first=J.P. |title=Movies, Modernism, and the Science Fiction Pulps |location=New York |publisher=Oxford University Press |date=2019 |isbn=9780190949655 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4ZugDwAAQBAJ |page=41 |postscript=none}}; {{cite news |title=Tradeviews |work=The Hollywood Reporter |date=June 13, 1939 |page=2}}</ref>
*  1939   &ndash; The [[Baseball Hall of Fame]] opens in [[Cooperstown, New York]].
*[[1940]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: Thirteen thousand British and French troops surrender to [[Major General]] [[Erwin Rommel]] at [[Saint-Valery-en-Caux]].
*[[1942]] &ndash; [[Anne Frank]] receives a [[diary]] for her thirteenth birthday.
*[[1943]] &ndash; [[The Holocaust]]: [[Nazi Germany|Germany]] liquidates the [[Jewish quarter (diaspora)|Jewish Ghetto]] in Brzeżany, Poland (now [[Berezhany]], Ukraine). Around 1,180 [[Jews]] are led to the city's old Jewish graveyard and shot.
*[[1944]] &ndash; World War II: [[Operation Overlord]]: American [[paratrooper]]s of the [[101st Airborne Division]] [[Battle of Carentan|secure]] the town of [[Carentan]], [[Normandy]], France.
*[[1950]] &ndash; An [[Air France]] [[Douglas DC-4]] [[1950 Air France multiple Douglas DC-4 accidents|crashes]] near [[Bahrain International Airport]], killing 46 people.<ref name="report-de">{{Cite report |url=http://www.bea.aero/docspa/1950/f-de500612/pdf/f-de500612.pdf |title=Rapport d'Accident Civil No. CA.134 (Avion Douglas DC.4 F.BBDE – A Bahrein le 12 Juin 1950 |publisher=Ministere des Travaux Publics, des Transports et du Tourisme |url-status=dead |year=1952 |accessdate=1 February 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227035845/http://www.bea.aero/docspa/1950/f-de500612/pdf/f-de500612.pdf |archivedate=27 February 2012}}</ref>
*[[1954]] &ndash; [[Pope Pius XII]] [[Canonization|canonises]] [[Dominic Savio]], who was 14 years old at the time of his death, as a [[saint]], making him at the time the youngest [[Martyr|unmartyred]] saint in the [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic Church]]. In 2017, [[Francisco and Jacinta Marto]], aged ten and nine at the time of their deaths, are declared as saints.
*[[1963]] &ndash; [[National Association for the Advancement of Colored People|NAACP]] field secretary [[Medgar Evers]] is murdered in front of his home in [[Jackson, Mississippi]] by [[Ku Klux Klan]] member [[Byron De La Beckwith]] during the [[civil rights movement]].
*  1963   &ndash; The film ''[[Cleopatra (1963 film)|Cleopatra]]'', starring [[Elizabeth Taylor]] and [[Richard Burton]], is released in US theaters. It was the most expensive film made at the time.<ref>{{Citation |title=Cleopatra |url=https://www.20thcenturystudios.com/movies/cleopatra |language=en-US |access-date=2021-06-14}}</ref>
*[[1964]] &ndash; Anti-[[apartheid]] activist and [[African National Congress|ANC]] leader [[Nelson Mandela]] is [[Nelson Mandela#Arrest and Rivonia trial|sentenced to life in prison]] for [[sabotage]] in South Africa.
*[[1967]] &ndash; The [[Supreme Court of the United States|United States Supreme Court]] in ''[[Loving v. Virginia]]'' declares all [[U.S. state]] laws which prohibit [[interracial marriage]] to be [[Constitutionality|unconstitutional]].
*[[1975]] &ndash; India, Judge [[Jagmohanlal Sinha]] of the city of Allahabad [[Indira Gandhi#Verdict on electoral malpractice|ruled that India's Prime Minister Indira Gandhi had used corrupt practices]] to win her seat in the Indian Parliament, and that she should be banned from holding any public office. Mrs. Gandhi sent word that she refused to resign.
*[[1979]] &ndash; [[Bryan Allen (cyclist)|Bryan Allen]] wins the second [[Kremer prize]] for a man-powered flight across the [[English Channel]] in the [[Gossamer Albatross]].
*[[1981]] &ndash; The first of the [[Indiana Jones]] film franchise, ''[[Raiders of the Lost Ark]]'', is released in theaters.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Keane |first=Sean |title=Indiana Jones turns 40: Raiders of the Lost Ark villain didn't expect a legendary franchise |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/as-indiana-jones-turns-40-a-raiders-of-the-lost-ark-villain-looks-back/ |access-date=2021-06-14 |website=CNET |language=en}}</ref>
*[[1982]] &ndash; A nuclear disarmament rally and concert is held in [[New York City]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Montgomery |first1=Paul L. |title=THRONGS FILL MANHATTAN TO PROTEST NUCLEAR WEAPONS |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/06/13/world/throngs-fill-manhattan-to-protest-nuclear-weapons.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=13 June 1982 |access-date=21 June 2021}}</ref>
*[[1987]] &ndash; The [[Central African Republic]]'s former emperor [[Jean-Bédel Bokassa]] is sentenced to death for crimes he had committed during his 13-year rule.
*  1987   &ndash; [[Cold War]]: At the [[Brandenburg Gate]], [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] [[Ronald Reagan]] publicly challenges [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] to [[tear down this wall!|tear down]] the [[Berlin Wall]].
*[[1988]] &ndash; [[Austral Líneas Aéreas Flight 046]], a [[McDonnell Douglas MD-80|McDonnell Douglas MD-81]], crashes short of the runway at [[Libertador General José de San Martín Airport]], killing all 22 people on board.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19880612-0 |title=ASN Aircraft accident McDonnell Douglas DC-9-81 (MD-81) N1003G Posadas Airport, MI (PSS) |last=Ranter |first=Harro |website=aviation-safety.net |access-date=2019-07-25}}</ref>
*[[1990]] &ndash; [[Russia Day]]: The parliament of the [[Russia|Russian Federation]] formally declares its sovereignty.
*[[1991]] &ndash; In modern Russia's first [[1991 Russian presidential election|democratic election]], [[Boris Yeltsin]] is elected as the [[President of Russia]].
*  1991   &ndash; [[1991 Kokkadichcholai massacre|Kokkadichcholai massacre]]: The [[Sri Lankan Army]] massacres 152 minority [[Tamil people|Tamil]] civilians in the village of [[Kokkadichcholai]] near the Eastern Province town of [[Batticaloa]].
*[[1993]] &ndash; [[1993 Nigerian presidential election|An election takes place in Nigeria]] and is won by [[Moshood Kashimawo Olawale Abiola]]. Its results are later annulled by the military government of [[Ibrahim Babangida]].
*[[1999]] &ndash; [[Kosovo War]]: [[Operation Joint Guardian]] begins when a [[NATO]]-led [[United Nations]] peacekeeping force ([[Kosovo Force|KFor]]) enters the province of [[Kosovo]] in the [[Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]]. 
*[[2009]] &ndash; A disputed [[2009 Iranian presidential election|presidential election]] in Iran leads to wide-ranging [[2009 Iranian presidential election protests|local and international protests]].
*[[2014]] &ndash; Between 1,095 and 1,700 [[Shia Islam in Iraq|Shia Iraqi]] people are killed in an [[Camp Speicher massacre|attack]] by [[Islamic State|the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]]<ref name="Buratha News Agency: 4000 soldiers">{{cite web |title=Survivors from the Speicher massacre: We were 4000 unarmed soldiers fell into the hands of ISIS |url=http://burathanews.com/news/247028.html |website=Buratha News Agency |date=7 September 2014 |access-date=12 June 2022 |language=ar}}</ref> on [[Camp Speicher]] in [[Tikrit]], Iraq. It is the second [[List of major terrorist incidents|deadliest act of terrorism]] in history, only behind [[September 11 attacks|9/11]].<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Nordland |first1=Rod |last2=Rubin |first2=Alissa J. |date=2014-06-15 |title=Massacre Claim Shakes Iraq |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/16/world/middleeast/iraq.html |access-date=12 June 2022 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
*[[2016]] &ndash; Forty-nine civilians are killed and 58 others injured in [[Pulse nightclub shooting|an attack on a gay nightclub]] in [[Orlando, Florida]], United States; the gunman, [[Omar Mateen]], is killed in a gunfight with police.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tsukayama |first1=Hayley |last2=Berman |first2=Mark |last3=Markon |first3=Jerry |date=June 13, 2016 |title=Gunman who killed 49 in Orlando nightclub had pledged allegiance to ISIS |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2016/06/12/orlando-nightclub-shooting-about-20-dead-in-domestic-terror-incident-at-gay-club/ |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=June 15, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160615021024/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2016/06/12/orlando-nightclub-shooting-about-20-dead-in-domestic-terror-incident-at-gay-club/ |archive-date=June 15, 2016}}</ref> 
*[[2018]] &ndash; [[United States]] President [[Donald Trump]] and [[Kim Jong-un]] of [[North Korea]] held the [[2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit|first meeting]] between leaders of their two countries in [[Singapore]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Williams |first1=Jennifer |title=Read the full transcript of Trump's North Korea summit press conference |url=https://www.vox.com/world/2018/6/12/17452624/trump-kim-summit-transcript-press-conference-full-text |website=Vox |access-date=February 24, 2019 |date=June 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529150525/https://www.vox.com/world/2018/6/12/17452624/trump-kim-summit-transcript-press-conference-full-text |archive-date=May 29, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[2019]] &ndash; [[Kassym-Jomart Tokayev]] is inaugurated as the second [[president of Kazakhstan]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2019-06-12 |title=Tokayev sworn in as Kazakhstan's 2nd president |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/asia/2019/06/12/tokayev-sworn-in-as-kazakhstans-2nd-president |access-date=2023-08-17 |website=Daily Sabah |language=en-US}}</ref>
*[[2024]] &ndash; [[2024 Mangaf building fire|A fire in a residential building]] in [[Mangaf]], [[Kuwait City]] kills at least 50 people.<ref>{{Cite web |last2=Sharma |first2=Shweta |last1=Sarkar |first1=Alisha Rahaman |date=2024-06-12 |title=At least 45 Indians among 50 dead in fire at building housing migrant workers in Kuwait |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/kuwait-building-fire-indian-migrant-dead-b2561158.html |access-date=2024-06-14 |website=The Independent}}</ref>