Editing Kebab (section)

==Etymology==
[[File:Anon.; late Qajar period; kebabforush (kebab seller). Leiden University Library, Collection A. P. H. Hotz.jpg|thumb|right|A ''{{Transliteration|fa|kababforush}}'' (kebab seller) in late [[Qajar Iran]]]]

The word kebab has ancient origins. It was popularized in the West by Turks to refer to a range of grilled and broiled meat, which may be cooked on skewers, including stews, meatballs, and many other forms.<ref name="Oxford Companion"/><ref name="encyclopedia" />

The word {{wikt-lang|en|kebab}} likely came to English in the late 17th century from the Persian {{lang|ar-Latn|kabāb}}, partly through [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]], and [[Turkish language|Turkish]].<ref name="Zubaida 2010"/><ref name="Oxford"/> According to linguist [[Sevan Nişanyan]], the Turkish word {{lang|tr|kebap}} is also derived from the Persian word {{lang|ar-Latn|kabāb}}, meaning roasted meat, and according to the Turkish Language Association it is from {{langx|ar|كَبَاب}} {{lang|ar-Latn|kabāb}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Türk Dil Kurumu Sözlükleri |url=https://sozluk.gov.tr |website=Türk Dil Kurumu Sözlükleri}}</ref> It appears in Turkish texts as early as the 14th century, in {{lang|tr|Kyssa-i Yusuf}} ({{lit|the story of Joseph}}), though still in the Persian form. Nişanyan states that the word has the equivalent meaning of 'frying, burning' with {{lang|akk-Latn|kabābu}} in the old [[Akkadian language]], and {{lang|arc-Latn|kbabā}} {{lang|arc|כבבא}} in [[Aramaic]].<ref name="Online">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nisanyansozluk.com/?k=kebap |title=Nişanyan Sevan, Sözlerin Soyağacı, Çağdaş Türkçenin Etimolojik Sözlüğü |access-date=6 July 2013 |archive-date=22 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922030819/http://www.nisanyansozluk.com/?k=kebap |url-status=live }}</ref> In contrast, food historian [[Gil Marks]] says that the medieval Arabic and Turkish terms were adopted from the Persian ''kabab'', which probably derived from the Aramaic.<ref name="encyclopedia" />

The [[American Heritage Dictionary]] also gives a probable [[East Semitic languages|East Semitic]] root origin with the meaning of 'burn', 'char', or 'roast', from the Aramaic and Akkadian.<ref name="Semitic Roots">{{cite web| url=https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/semitic.html| title=Appendix II – Semitic Roots| author=((The Editors of the American Heritage Dictionaries))| website=American Heritage Dictionary| publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt| access-date=5 June 2016 }}</ref> The [[Babylonian Talmud]] instructs that [[Burnt offering (Judaism)|Temple offerings]] not be {{lang|he-Latn|kabbaba}} (burned).<ref name="encyclopedia" /> These words point to an origin in the prehistoric [[Proto-Afroasiatic language]]: ''*kab-'', to burn or roast.<ref name="Orel Stolbova">{{cite book| author1=Vladimir Orel| author2=Olga V. Stolbova| title=Hamito-Semitic Etymological Dictionary: Materials for a Reconstruction| url=https://archive.org/details/hamitosemiticety00orel| url-access=limited| publisher=[[E. J. Brill]]| year=1995| isbn=978-9004100510| pages=[https://archive.org/details/hamitosemiticety00orel/page/n173 307]| author1-link=Vladimir Orel}}</ref>