Editing Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics (section)

==Scientific activity==

===[[Nuclear physics]]===
Theoretical physicist [[Yakov Zeldovich]] headed one of the departments placed in charge of the theoretical aspects of the work on the creation of [[Nuclear weapon|nuclear]] and [[thermonuclear weapon]]s. [[Alexander Samarskii]] performed the first realistic calculations of macrokinetics of [[chain reaction]] of a [[nuclear explosion]], which led to the practical importance estimated power of nuclear weapons. In relation to nuclear energy, the institute was also involved in modelling of processes of [[neutron transport]] and [[nuclear reaction]]s. In particular, E. Kuznetsov is known for his work on the theory of [[nuclear reactor]]s.

Currently, such work in '''KIAM''' is continuing in the field of [[Plasma (physics)|plasma physics]] and controlled [[thermonuclear fusion]], which began under the leadership of [[Sergei Kurdyumov]], {{nobr|A. A. Samarskii}}, {{nobr|Yu. P. Popov}}.

===[[Cosmonautics]]===
[[Dmitry Okhotsimsky]] directed the works in the department created for research of the dynamics of [[spaceflight|space flight]]. In 1966, the department was reorganized into the Ballistic Centre.<ref>{{in lang|ru}} [http://www.kiam1.rssi.ru/ Ballistic centre of KIAM]</ref> The Ballistic Centre was involved in the calculations of optimal orbit trajectory and actual corrections for all space flights, from uncrewed interplanetary and lunar vehicles to the crewed "[[Soyuz (spacecraft)|Soyuz]]" and orbital station "[[Salyut programme|Salyut]]" and "[[Mir]]". The institute took an active part in the creation of the Soviet space shuttle "[[Buran programme|Buran]]".

'''KIAM''' continues to engage in Russian space projects. Current research is connected with:
* development of systems for management and navigation of space vehicles in real time with the use of [[Satellite navigation|global satellite navigation systems]] [[Global Positioning System|GPS]] and [[GLONASS]];
* exploration of prospects for further interplanetary missions using electric rocket engines; 
* participation in such projects as "[[Spektr-R|RadioAstron]]" and [[Fobos-Grunt]].

===[[Mathematics]] and [[Mathematical modelling|Mathematical Modelling]]===
One of the greatest mathematicians of the twentieth century [[Israel Gelfand]] was at the head of the Department of heat transmission before his departure for the United States in 1989. He was carrying out the fundamental works on [[functional analysis]], [[algebra]] and [[topology]]. [[Andrey Tikhonov (mathematician)|Andrey Nikolayevich Tikhonov]] worked initially also in these areas of mathematics. However, Tikhonov is better known for his works of more applied orientation, such as methods for solving [[Well-posed problem|ill-posed problems]] ([[Tikhonov regularization]]). Tikhonov also created the theory of [[differential equation]]s with a [[:ru:Уравнение с малым параметром|small parameter]] at the highest derivative. The general theory of stability of [[Finite difference method|difference schemes]] was developed by {{nobr|A. A. Samarskii}}. Samarskii considered mathematical modelling as an independent scientific discipline. Sergei Kurdyumov created a whole scientific school in [[nonlinear dynamics]] and [[Synergetics (Haken)|synergetics]] in Russia.

Currently, the existing arsenal of numerical methods is updated and improved in response to the growing complexity of the models and the possibilities of modern [[supercomputer]]s. Scientists of KIAM elaborate [[Grid computing|grid methods]] for solving computational problems, which has led, in particular, to the creation of a declarative language "Norma".<ref name="proj_Norma">{{in lang|ru}} [http://www.parallel.ru/russia/map/data/project18.html Programming languages and systems "Norma"]</ref>

===[[Computer]]s and [[Computer programming|Programming]]===
The first studies were carried out still on [[mechanical calculator]]s "Mercedes" by a large staff of estimators. Currently, work is underway to create a distributed computing system based on combining several [[supercomputer]]s, which are used for grid – technology and developed a specialized [[operating system]] (DVM).

===[[Robotics]]===
Currently, work on robotics is carried out in:
* the Group of {{nobr|V. E. Pavlovsky}} of the Sector under the guidance of {{nobr|A. K. Platonov}} (virtual football<ref name="proj_football">{{in lang|ru}} [http://www.keldysh.ru/pages/robosoccer/ The project "Virtual football" of KIAM RAS]</ref>),
* the Group of {{nobr|S. M. Sokolov}} ([[Computer vision|vision systems]]),
* the Group of {{nobr|V. E. Pryanishnikova}}  (autonomous tracked vehicles).

===[[Computational biology]]===
Since 2016, the sphere of interest of KIAM includes also computational biology problems, which are solved in [[Institute of Mathematical Problems of Biology|IMPB RAS – Branch of KIAM RAS]] in [[Pushchino]].

===Specialized research projects===
* The project "[[Spektr-R|RadioAstron]]"
* The project "Norma"<ref name="proj_Norma" />
* The project "DVM"
* The project "GNS"
* The project "grid" (multiprocessor computations)
* The project "Virtual football"<ref name="proj_football" /> 
* [[International Scientific Optical Network]] (ISON)

===Teaching and social activities===
Most of the leading employees of '''KIAM''' worked part-time as professors of the [[Moscow State University]] and [[Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology]]. {{nobr|A. N. Tikhonov}} was the organizer and first Dean of the [[MSU Faculty of Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics|Faculty of Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics]].

{{nobr|I. M. Gelfand}} was engaged in the mathematical education of secondary school pupils.