Editing Ken Adam (section)

==Early life==
Adam was born in 1921 in [[Berlin]] to an upper-middle-class secular Jewish family, the third child of Lilli ({{née|Saalfeld}}) and Fritz Adam, a former [[Prussia]]n [[cavalry]] officer who had served with the [[Zieten Hussars]].<ref name=Glancey>{{cite web |last= Jonathan |first= Glancey |title= The grand illusionist |work= The Guardian|date= 30 October 1999 |url= https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/1999/oct/30/weekend.jonathanglancey |access-date= 30 October 2018}}</ref> Fritz had been awarded the [[Iron Cross#World War I|Iron Cross]] Second Class and the Iron Cross First Class for his service in the [[First World War]].<ref>Adam, page 10.</ref>

Fritz co-owned a well-known high-fashion clothing and sporting goods store called S. Adam (Berlin, Leipziger Straße/Friedrichstraße) together with his three brothers, George,{{dubious|Probably Georg (German).|date=January 2021}} Siegfried and Otto Adam.<ref name=Beuth>{{cite web|title=S. Adam Fashion House|url=http://ojl.beuth-hochschule.de/en/sites/272|publisher=[[Beuth University of Applied Sciences Berlin]]|access-date=11 March 2016|archive-date=11 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311070135/http://ojl.beuth-hochschule.de/en/sites/272|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=Huffington1>{{cite web |last= Karras |first= Steven |title= Sir Ken Adam on Designing James Bond Sets and Working With Kubrick |website= [[HuffPost]] |date= 13 November 2013 |url= https://www.huffingtonpost.com/steve-karras/sir-ken-adam-james-bond_b_2117173.html |access-date= 31 October 2018 }}</ref>
The company had been established in 1863 by Saul Adam. Klaus (Ken) had two older siblings, Peter, Loni and a younger brother [[Denis Adam|Dieter]] (1 February 1924 – 17 October 2018).<ref name=Harrod>{{cite news |url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/3561380/Ken-Adam-the-man-who-drew-the-Cold-War.html |title=Ken Adam: the man who drew the Cold War |first=Horatia |last=Harrod |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=28 September 2008}}</ref><ref>[http://www.jewishtelegraph.com/greatf_16.html Jewish Telegraph: "THE GREATEST EVER JEWISH FILMS Oy Oy Seven!"] retrieved 26 February 2017</ref>

The family lived an almost idyllic, privileged existence until the [[Nazi Party]] came to power.<ref name=Beuth/>

His older brother Peter was good friends with [[Gottfried Reinhardt]] the son of theatre and film director [[Max Reinhardt]] and they would often take the young Klaus out with them. As a result, he got to know Max Reinhardt and many other people in the German theatre. Gottfried Reinhardt later became a film director and producer.

===England===
The combination of his brother Dieter at the age of nine having a fight with a playground bully wearing a [[Hitler Youth]] uniform and the increasing discrimination against Jews convinced their parents to send Klaus and Dieter to Craigend Park boarding school in [[Edinburgh]].<ref>Adam, pages 17, 18 and 23.</ref> Upon arrival Klaus anglicised his name to Kenneth and eventually Ken while his brother Dieter changed his to Denis. Their oldest brother Peter was at the time studying law at the [[University of Clermont-Ferrand]] in France and decided to move to England and complete his studies there.

The rest of the Adam family stayed in Germany as Adam's father felt that the Nazis were only a temporary aberration and they would wait it out. Things however continued to deteriorate with Jewish stores being boycotted and targeted for attacks in April 1933.

During the summer of 1933, Max Reich, a senior employee of the family business, and then Fritz Adam were arrested. Reich was a member of the SS and leader of the business's Nazi cell. Reich was eventually released and Fritz Adam was released and put under house arrest for three days.<ref name=Huffington1/> Inquiries determined that a former employee who had been dismissed for dishonesty had accused the two men of unfair dismissal and conspiring to maintain undeclared funds in Switzerland. It took two weeks to disprove both allegations and no charges were laid against either man.<ref>Adam, page 20.</ref>
Reluctantly coming to the conclusion that Jews had no future in Germany, Fritz, Lilli and Loni, as well as some of Ken's aunts and uncles, fled to England in the summer of 1934.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Madigan|first1=Nick|title=Ken Adam: designer behind 'Bond' movies|url=https://variety.com/2002/film/awards/ken-adam-designer-behind-bond-movies-1117861192/|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=21 February 2002|access-date=11 March 2016}}</ref> The family eventually settled in the [[Hampstead]] area of London the following year.

The family were declared refugees on their arrival to England and identified as "friendly aliens" with the exception of Denis who was too young to be classified. The family arrived in England with nothing other than some gold coins Lilli had smuggled out.<ref>Adam, page 21.</ref> His mother who had never previously worked in her life used the little money they had to establish and run a boarding house. His father struggled with his change in status and starting over in a new country. His father started an import-export business selling gloves but his health deteriorated and he died in 1936 when he was 56 years old.<ref name=Huffington1/>

Adam left the boarding school in Edinburgh to rejoin his parents in London and continued his education at [[St Paul's School (London)|St. Paul's School]] in London. At his mother's boarding house Adam became increasingly interested in cinema after coming into contact with a number of artists among the Jewish refugees who were boarding there. He was introduced to [[Vincent Korda]], a Hungarian art director, when he was working on ''[[Knight Without Armour]]'' at [[Denham Film Studios]]. Korda not only nurtured Adam's passion for films, but encouraged him to train as an architect if he was interested in becoming a production designer.<ref name=Glancey/> Leaving school he became an apprentice at the firm of CW Glover & Partners (which specialized in making bomb shelters) and he signed up for evening classes at the [[The Bartlett|Bartlett School of Architecture]] at [[University College London]].<ref>{{cite web|last1= Monahan |first1= Mark|title=Film-makers on film: Ken Adam |url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/filmmakersonfilm/3649298/Film-makers-on-film-Ken-Adam.html |website=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date= 14 January 2006 |access-date=11 March 2016}}</ref>{{failed verification|reason=Only mentions London University, not the Bartlett or UCL, or evening classes|date=February 2023}} Among his tutors was a part-time teacher who had been an assistant of famed German architect [[Erich Mendelsohn]] from whom Adam learned valuable architectural drawing techniques.<ref name=Glancey/>