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Ko Samui
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==History== The island was probably first inhabited in about the 6th century, settled by fishermen from the [[Malay Peninsula]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Thailand's Islands and Beaches|author1=Joe Bindloss |author2=Steven Martin |author3=Wendy Taylor |year=2004 |page=199|publisher=[[Lonely Planet]]|isbn=1-74059-500-9}}</ref> and southern [[China]]. It appears on Chinese maps dating back to 1687, under the name ''Pulo Cornam''.<ref name=TP>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ddT6ucN2EgE |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211222/ddT6ucN2EgE |archive-date=2021-12-22 |url-status=live|work=youtube|language=th|access-date=2020-02-22|date=2012-01-20|title=พินิจนคร (Season 2) ตอน สมุย 1|trans-title=Pinijnakorn (Season 2) ep. Samui 1|author=TPBS}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The origin of the name ''samui'' is unknown. It may come from the Sanskrit-Tamil word สมวย, meaning 'sea weather'. Or it may derive from the name of a [[Micromelum minutum|tree]] known locally in [[Southern Thai language|southern Thailand]] as {{Lang|sou|ต้นหมุย}} (full name {{Lang|sou|ต้นสมุย}}). A third possibility is that it originated from early Hainanese traders to Samui. In Hainanese Chinese, เซ่าบ่วย means 'first island', 'barrier', or 'gate', or literally 'beautiful beach'.<ref name=TP/> As it was their first port of call in Thailand, it became its name and evolved to สมุย. Some people believe that the word "samui" derives from the Malay word ''saboey'', or 'safe haven'. There is no firm corroboration of any of these theories.<ref>{{cite web|title=ชื่อนามที่มาของเกาะ สมุย|language=th|trans-title=Origin of the name of Ko Samui|url=http://www.komchadluek.net/news/local/25143|website=komchadluek.net|access-date=2018-12-30|date=2009-08-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230181030/http://www.komchadluek.net/news/local/25143|archive-date=2018-12-30|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''Ko'' เกาะ is the Thai word for "island". Until the late 20th century, Ko Samui was an isolated self-sufficient community, having little connection with the mainland of Thailand. The island was without roads until the early 1970s and the {{convert|15|km}} journey from one side of the island to the other could involve a whole-day trek through the mountainous central jungles. Ko Samui's economy now is based primarily on a successful tourist industry, as well as exports of [[coconut]] and [[rubber]]. Economic growth has brought not only prosperity but also major changes to the island's environment and culture, including "explosive tensions" between rich and poor residents and crime linked to that or otherwise.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Levy|first1=Adrian|last2=Scott-Clark|first2=Cathy|title=Danger in paradise| url=https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2006/apr/08/travelnews.weekendmagazine|access-date=12 Feb 2015|work=The Guardian|date=2006-04-08}}</ref> ===Governance=== The first local government on Samui island was established in 1956 with the sanitary district Ko Samui, which however only covered the area around the settlement.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Royal Gazette|volume=73|issue=75 ง ฉบับพิเศษ|pages=84–85|title=ประกาศกระทรวงมหาดไทย เรื่อง จัดตั้งสุขาภิบาลเกาะสมุย อำเภอเกาะสมุย จังหวัดสุราษฎร์ธานี|url=http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2499/D/075/84.PDF|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180405152949/http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2499/D/075/84.PDF|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 5, 2018|date=1956-09-20|language=th}}</ref> In 1963 it was enlarged to cover the entirety of Samui and Pha-Nga islands, which at that time were still in the same district.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Royal Gazette|volume=80|issue=38 ง|pages=1203–1204|title=ประกาศกระทรวงมหาดไทย เรื่อง เปลี่ยนแปลงเขตสุขาภิบาลเกาะสมุย อำเภอเกาะสมุย จังหวัดสุราษฎร์ธานี|url=http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2506/D/038/1203.PDF|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624200738/http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2506/D/038/1203.PDF|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 24, 2021|date=1963-04-23|language=th}}</ref> In 1973, the area of the Ko Pha-Ngan District became a separate sanitary district.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Royal Gazette|volume=90|issue=106 ง|pages=2443–2447|title=ประกาศกระทรวงมหาดไทย เรื่อง เปลี่ยนแปลงเขตสุขาภิบาลเกาะสมุย อำเภอเกาะสมุย จังหวัดสุราษฎร์ธานี|url=http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2516/D/106/2443.PDF|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180405153017/http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2516/D/106/2443.PDF|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 5, 2018|date=1973-08-21|language=th}}</ref> Since 1981, the sanitary district covers the area of the whole district.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Royal Gazette|volume=98|issue=215 ง|pages=4769–4771|title=ประกาศกระทรวงมหาดไทย เรื่อง เปลี่ยนแปลงเขตสุขาภิบาลเกาะสมุย อำเภอเกาะสมุย จังหวัดสุราษฎร์ธานี|url=http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2524/D/215/4769.PDF|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180405152829/http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2524/D/215/4769.PDF|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 5, 2018|date=1981-12-29|language=th}}</ref> Like all sanitary districts, Ko Samui became a subdistrict municipality (''thesaban tambon'') in 1999.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Royal Gazette|volume=116|issue=9 ก|pages=1–4|title=พระราชบัญญัติเปลี่ยนแปลงฐานะของสุขาภิบาลเป็นเทศบาล พ.ศ. ๒๕๔๒|url=http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2542/A/009/1.PDF|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409014432/http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2542/A/009/1.PDF|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 9, 2008|date=1999-02-24|language=th}}</ref> The subdistrict municipality was upgraded to a town municipality (''thesaban mueang'') in 2008,<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Royal Gazette|volume=127|issue=พิเศษ 116 ง|pages=15|title=ประกาศกระทรวงมหาดไทย เรื่อง เปลี่ยนแปลงฐานะเทศบาลตำบลเกาะสมุย อำเภอเกาะสมุย จังหวัดสุราษฎร์ธานี เป็นเทศบาลเมืองเกาะสมุย|url=http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2553/E/116/15.PDF|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125110501/http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2553/E/116/15.PDF|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 25, 2012|date=2010-10-04|language=th}}</ref> and to a city municipality in 2012.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Royal Gazette|volume=131|issue=พิเศษ 18 ง|pages=1|title=ประกาศกระทรวงมหาดไทย เรื่อง เปลี่ยนแปลงฐานะเทศบาลเมืองเกาะสมุย อำเภอเกาะสมุย จังหวัดสุราษฎร์ธานี เป็นเทศบาลนครเกาะสมุย|url=http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2557/E/018/1.PDF|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503202747/http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2557/E/018/1.PDF|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 3, 2014|date=2014-01-27|language=th}}</ref> The conversion of the municipality into a special administrative area with greater powers of self-governance similar to [[Pattaya]] has been discussed since 2008, but as of 2018, no action has been taken.
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